創

Translingual

Han character

創 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+10, 12 strokes, cangjie input 人口中弓 (ORLN), four-corner 8260₀, composition ⿰倉刂)

Derived characters

𤏬𤺨𣋃𦼃𭞶𫤤𬰌

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 143, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2127
Dae Jaweon: page 323, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 350, character 15
Unihan data for U+5275

Chinese

trad.		創
simp.		创
alternative forms		刅刱剏剙瘡／疮刅刱剏剙瘡／疮𠛂𠛲𠝀𠞴𠟐𨱠𠛝

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 創
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (倉) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
艙	*sʰaːŋ
倉	*sʰaːŋ
蒼	sʰaːŋ, sʰaːŋʔ
滄	sʰaːŋ, sʰraŋs
傖	sʰaːŋ, zraːŋ
鶬	*sʰaːŋ
凔	*sʰaːŋ
槍	sʰaŋ, sʰraːŋ
搶	sʰaŋ, sʰaŋʔ, *sʰraŋʔ
蹌	*sʰaŋ
瑲	*sʰaŋ
牄	*sʰaŋ
嗆	*sʰaŋs
創	sʰraŋ, sʰraŋs
瘡	*sʰraŋ
愴	sʰraŋʔ, sʰraŋs
鎗	*sʰraːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰraŋ, *sʰraŋs) : phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ) + semantic 刀 (“knife”) – wound.

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chuàng (chuang⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄤˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cong³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhóng

(Meixian, Guangdong): cong³
Eastern Min (BUC): cháung
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): corng⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhòng

(Teochew, Peng'im): cang³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tshaon

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chuàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chuàng
  - Wade–Giles: chʻuang⁴
  - Yale: chwàng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuanq
  - Palladius: чуан (čuan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: cong³
  - Yale: chong
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsong³
  - Guangdong Romanization: cong³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔːŋ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhóng
  - Hakka Romanization System: cong^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cong³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: cong³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɔŋ³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cháung
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɑuŋ²¹³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: corng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɒŋ⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhòng
  - Tâi-lô: tshòng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhoxng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cang³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshàng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaŋ²¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tshaon
  - MiniDict: tshaon^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tshaan
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰɑ̃³⁴/

Middle Chinese: tsrhjangH

Rime
Character	創
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	初亮切
Baxter	tsrhjangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃʰɨɐŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂʰiɐŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃʰiɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂʰɨaŋ^H/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃʰiaŋ^H/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃʰĭaŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂʰi̯aŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chuàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cong³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]raŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*sʰraŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	創
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chuàng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsrhjang^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]raŋ-s/
English	begin
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	創
Reading #	2/2
No.	1143
Phonetic component	倉
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	剏
Old Chinese	/*sʰraŋs/

Definitions

創

to start to (do something); to do something (for the first time); to found; to create; to establish
to expand; to broaden; to extend
to write; to start to compile
to punish; to penalise
unique; special; unseen; creative
創意／创意 ― chuàngyì ― creativity
(Internet slang, humorous; otherwise dialectal) Alternative form of 撞 (“to hit”)
(Southern Min) to do; to perform
(Southern Min) to make; to produce
(Southern Min) to tease; to poke fun at

Compounds

初創／初创 (chūchuàng)
別創新格／别创新格
創下／创下 (chuàngxià)
創世／创世 (chuàngshì)
創世紀／创世纪 (Chuàngshìjì)
創作／创作 (chuàngzuò)
創出／创出
創刊／创刊 (chuàngkān)
創制／创制 (chuàngzhì)
創制權／创制权
創匯／创汇 (chuànghuì)
創始／创始 (chuàngshǐ)
創建／创建 (chuàngjiàn)
創意／创意 (chuàngyì)
創意指導／创意指导
創意曲／创意曲
創意造言／创意造言
創收／创收 (chuàngshōu)
創新／创新 (chuàngxīn)
創校／创校
創業／创业 (chuàngyè)
創業垂統／创业垂统
創業守成／创业守成
創業維艱／创业维艰
創業興家／创业兴家
創治／创治 (chhòng-tī) (Min Nan)
創獲／创获
創稿／创稿
創立／创立 (chuànglì)
創紀錄／创纪录 (chuàng jìlù)
創舉／创举 (chuàngjǔ)
創見／创见 (chuàngjiàn)
創設／创设 (chuàngshè)
創議／创议 (chuàngyì)
創辦／创办 (chuàngbàn)
創辦人／创办人 (chuàngbànrén)
創造／创造 (chuàngzào)
創造力／创造力 (chuàngzàolì)
始創／始创
新創／新创 (xīnchuàng)
獨創／独创 (dúchuàng)
獨創一格／独创一格
神創論／神创论 (shénchuànglùn)
締創／缔创
自創／自创 (zìchuàng)
自創新意／自创新意
草創／草创 (cǎochuàng)
開創／开创 (kāichuàng)
首創／首创 (shǒuchuàng)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chuāng (chuang¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄤ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cong¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhóng
Eastern Min (BUC): chŏng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): corng¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhong / chhòng / chhng

(Teochew, Peng'im): cang³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹tshaon

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chuāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chuang
  - Wade–Giles: chʻuang¹
  - Yale: chwāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuang
  - Palladius: чуан (čuan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: cong¹
  - Yale: chōng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsong¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cong¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhóng
  - Hakka Romanization System: cong^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cong³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chŏng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰouŋ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: corng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɒŋ⁵³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhong / chhòng / chhng
  - Tâi-lô: tshong / tshòng / tshng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhofng, zhoxng, zhngf
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/, /t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɔŋ³³/, /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴¹/, /t͡sʰŋ̍³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/, /t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹/, /t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/, /t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

Note:

chhong/chhòng - literary;
chhng - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: cang³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshàng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaŋ²¹³/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹tshaon
  - MiniDict: tshaon^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tshaan
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰɑ̃⁵³/

Middle Chinese: tsrhjang

Rime
Character	創
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	初良切
Baxter	tsrhjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃʰɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂʰiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃʰiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂʰɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃʰiaŋ/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃʰĭaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂʰi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chuāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cong¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]raŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*sʰraŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	創
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chuāng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsrhjang ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]raŋ/
English	wound (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	創
Reading #	1/2
No.	1139
Phonetic component	倉
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	創
Old Chinese	/*sʰraŋ/

Definitions

創

to injure; to harm; to damage
to cut; to slash; to sever
damage; wound; knife cut
Alternative form of 瘡／疮 (chuāng, “sore”)

Compounds

References

“Entry #8183”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
“創”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “创”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 36.

Japanese

Kanji

創

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

injury, wound
originate, start

Readings

From Middle Chinese 創 (MC tsrhjang, “injury, wound”):

Go-on: しょう (shō)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}
Kan-on: そう (sō, Jōyō)^{←さう (sau, historical)}
Kun: きず (kizu, 創)、きずつける (kizutsukeru, 創ける)

From Middle Chinese 創 (MC tsrhjangH, “originate, start”):

Go-on: しょう (shō)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}
Kan-on: そう (sō, Jōyō)^{←さう (sau, historical)}
Kun: つくる (tsukuru, 創る, Jōyō)、はじめる (hajimeru, 創める)
Nanori: はじむ (hajimu)

Compounds

創(そう)作(さく) (sōsaku, “create”)
創(そう)始(し) (sōshi, “initiating”)
創(そう)唱(しょう) (sōshō)
創(そう)造(ぞう) (sōzō, “creation”)
創(そう)世(せい) (sōsei, “creation of the world”)
創(そう)薬(やく) (sōyaku, “drug creation”)
開(かい)創(そう) (kaisō, “initial opening”)
挫(ざ)創(そう) (zasō, “bruise”)
射(しゃ)創(そう) (shasō, “gunshot wound”)
刃(じん)創(そう) (jinsō)
打(だ)撲(ぼく)創(そう) (dabokusō)
刀(とう)創(そう) (tōsō, “sword wound”)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
創
そう Grade: 6
kan'on

/t͡ʃau/ → /sau/ → /sɔː/ → /soː/

From Middle Chinese 創 (MC tsrhjang|tsrhjangH).

Proper noun

創(そう) • (Sō) ^{←さう (Sau)^?}

a female given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
創
つくる Grade: 6
irregular

Nominalization of verb 創る (tsukuru, “to create (new things)”).

Proper noun

創(つくる) • (Tsukuru)

a female given name

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
創
はじめ Grade: 6
irregular

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 始める (hajimeru, “to begin, start”).

Proper noun

創(はじめ) • (Hajime)

a female given name

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 創 (MC tsrhjangH).

Historical readings

Recorded as Middle Korean 차ᇰ〮 (Yale: cháng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Recorded as Middle Korean 창 (chang)^訓 (Yale: chang) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰa̠(ː)ŋ]
Phonetic hangul: [창(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

創

Wikisource

創 (eumhun 비롯할 창 (birothal chang))

hanja form^? of 창 (“to start; to originate”)
hanja form^? of 창 (“unique; special; creative”)

Compounds

창출 (創出, changchul)
창조 (創造, changjo)
창업 (創業, chang'eop)
창의 (創意, chang'ui)
창제 (創製, changje)
거창 (巨創, geochang)
독창 (獨創, dokchang)
창작 (創作, changjak)
창설 (創設, changseol)
창간 (創刊, changgan)
창시 (創始, changsi)
창건 (創建, changgeon)
창립 (創立, changnip)
창당 (創黨, changdang)
창초 (創祖, changcho)
창사 (創社, changsa)
창안 (創案, chang'an)
창견 (創見, changgyeon)
창군 (創軍, changgun)
창성 (創成, changseong)
창세 (創世, changse)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 創 (MC tsrhjang).

Historical readings

Recorded as Middle Korean 차ᇰ (Yale: chang) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰa̠ŋ]
Phonetic hangul: [창]

Hanja

創 (eumhun 다칠 창 (dachil chang))

hanja form^? of 창 (“damage; wound”)

Compounds

창이 (創痍, chang'i)
창상 (創傷, changsang)
도창 (刀創, dochang)
상창 (傷創, sangchang)
자창 (刺創, jachang)
탄창 (彈創, tanchang)
교창 (咬創, gyochang)
인창 (刃創, inchang)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

創: Hán Nôm readings: sáng, sang

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