Comparison between PtCO2 and PaCO2 and Derived Parameters in Heart Failure Patients during Exercise: A Preliminary Study
<p>Mean values of PaCO<sub>2</sub>, PtCO<sub>2</sub> and end-tidal CO<sub>2</sub> partial pressure (PetCO<sub>2</sub>) at different timestamps. PetCO<sub>2</sub> is shown for completeness of CO<sub>2</sub> measurement parameters. 29 sets of data were available at minute 0, 2 and 4, 28 at min 6, 26 at min 8 and 22 at min 10.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Boxplots of the measurement errors of PtCO<sub>2</sub> (<b>left</b>) and corrected PtCO<sub>2</sub> (<b>right</b>) at different timestamps with respect to PaCO<sub>2</sub>.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Bland–Altman analysis of the agreement between PtCO<sub>2</sub> and PaCO<sub>2</sub> before the correction at each timestamp (baseline, after 2 min, after 4 min, after 6 min, after 8 min and after 10 min).</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Bland–Altman analysis of the agreement between PtCO<sub>2</sub> and PaCO<sub>2</sub> after the correction at each timestamp (baseline, after 2 min, after 4 min, after 6 min, after 8 min and after 10 min).</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Boxplots of the measurement errors of V<sub>D</sub>/V<sub>T</sub> computed with PtCO<sub>2</sub> (<b>left</b>) and V<sub>D</sub>/V<sub>T</sub> computed with the corrected PtCO<sub>2</sub> (<b>right</b>) at different timestamps with respect to V<sub>D</sub>/V<sub>T</sub> computed with PaCO<sub>2</sub>. The errors are expressed in mmHg.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Boxplots of the deltas of PaCO<sub>2</sub>, PtCO<sub>2</sub> and corrected PtCO<sub>2</sub>. The deltas are evaluated at 6, 8 and 10 min with respect to the values measured after 2 min.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Boxplots of the deltas of V<sub>D</sub>/V<sub>T</sub> estimated with PaCO<sub>2</sub>, PtCO<sub>2</sub> and corrected PtCO<sub>2</sub>. The deltas are evaluated at 6, 8 and 10 min with respect to the values measured after 2 min.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Procedures
2.2. Multiple Regression
2.3. Uncertainty of PtCO2 and VD/VT Measurements
2.4. Analysis of the Deltas
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Uncertainty of PtCO2 Measurements
3.2. Uncertainty of VD/VT Measurements Derived from PtCO2
3.3. Analysis of the Deltas
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Measurement range | 0–200 mmHg (0–26.7 kPa) |
Resolution | 0.1 mmHg (0.01 kPa) below 100 mmHg (10 kPa) 1 mmHg (0.1 kPa) above 100 mmHg (10 kPa) |
Drift | Typically < 0.5%/h |
Response time (T90) | <75 s |
Linearity | Typically < 1 mmHg (0.13 kPa) |
Interference by anesthetic gases | Negligible |
Stabilization/artifact detection | After sensor application or occurrence of a PtCO2 artifact, PtCO2 is displayed in grey until it (re)stabilizes |
Characteristic | Mean ± SD |
---|---|
Age (years) | 69 ± 8 |
Sex (M/F) | 22/1 |
BMI | 26.4 ± 4.6 |
Heart failure etiology (primitive/ischemic) | 14/9 |
Ejection fraction (%) | 27.5 ± 9.9 |
Atrial fibrillation (Yes/No) | 11/12 |
Peak VO2 (ml/kg/min) | 12.2 ± 3.7 |
Peak VO2 (%) | 53 ± 15 |
VO2/Work slope (ml/min/watt) | 7.9 ± 2.1 |
VE/VCO2 slope | 43.7 ± 10.9 |
Peak RER | 1.09 ± 0.09 |
Peak heart rate (bpm) | 95 ± 25 |
Delta after 6 min | Delta after 8 min | Delta after 10 min | |
---|---|---|---|
PaCO2 vs. PtCO2 | 0.099 | 0.022 | 0.023 |
PaCO2 vs. corrected PtCO2 | 0.686 | 0.616 | 0.406 |
Delta after 6 min | Delta after 8 min | Delta after 10 min | |
---|---|---|---|
VD/VT estimated with PaCO2 vs. PtCO2 | 0.192 | 0.037 | 0.008 |
VD/VT estimated with PaCO2 vs. corrected PtCO2 | 0.990 | 0.818 | 0.332 |
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Contini, M.; Angelucci, A.; Aliverti, A.; Gugliandolo, P.; Pezzuto, B.; Berna, G.; Romani, S.; Tedesco, C.C.; Agostoni, P. Comparison between PtCO2 and PaCO2 and Derived Parameters in Heart Failure Patients during Exercise: A Preliminary Study. Sensors 2021, 21, 6666. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21196666
Contini M, Angelucci A, Aliverti A, Gugliandolo P, Pezzuto B, Berna G, Romani S, Tedesco CC, Agostoni P. Comparison between PtCO2 and PaCO2 and Derived Parameters in Heart Failure Patients during Exercise: A Preliminary Study. Sensors. 2021; 21(19):6666. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21196666
Chicago/Turabian StyleContini, Mauro, Alessandra Angelucci, Andrea Aliverti, Paola Gugliandolo, Beatrice Pezzuto, Giovanni Berna, Simona Romani, Calogero Claudio Tedesco, and Piergiuseppe Agostoni. 2021. "Comparison between PtCO2 and PaCO2 and Derived Parameters in Heart Failure Patients during Exercise: A Preliminary Study" Sensors 21, no. 19: 6666. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21196666