Integrated Quad-Scanner Strategy-Based Optical Coherence Tomography for the Whole-Directional Volumetric Imaging of a Sample
<p>The optical configuration and duty cycle illustration of the simultaneous quad-scanner (QS)-OCT system. (<b>a</b>) Simultaneous QS-OCT with space-division multiplexing for simultaneous whole-directional imaging. (<b>b</b>) The duty cycles of simultaneous QS-OCT system operation. BLS, broadband light source; C, collimator; DG, diffraction grating; FC, fiber coupler; GVS, galvanometer scanner; L, lens; LMS, linear motor stage; LSC, line-scan camera; OL, objective lens; S, sample.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>The optical configuration and duty cycle diagram of sequential quad-scanner (QS)-OCT system. (<b>a</b>) Sequential QS-OCT for successive operation of each scanner. (<b>b</b>) The duty cycle illustration of sequential QS-OCT system operation. BLS, broadband light source; C, collimator; DG, diffraction grating; FC, fiber coupler; GVS, galvanometer scanner; L, lens; LMS, linear motor stage; LSC, line-scan camera; OL, objective lens; S, sample.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>The description and flow chart of the image processing algorithm for obtaining the whole-directional volumetric data of the sample. (<b>a</b>–<b>d</b>) demonstrate each step of customized algorithm for merging cross-sectional OCT images obtained from quad-scanner methods.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Quantitative performance assessment of each sample arm in quad-scanner (QS)-OCT; (<b>a</b>–<b>d</b>) are B-scan images of a Scotch tape roll obtained by sequentially switching the scanner; (<b>e</b>) demonstrates the A-scan profiling results of images (<b>a</b>–<b>d</b>) centered on the red-dashed line to quantitatively analyze performance.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>The performance difference between the simultaneous and sequential quad-scanner (QS) OCT system and the measured intensity fall-off of the proposed system. (<b>a</b>) is the cross-sectional OCT image of the simultaneous QS-OCT system. (<b>b</b>) is the cross-sectional OCT image of the sequential QS-OCT system. (<b>c</b>) is the depth intensity profiles of the simultaneous and sequential QS-OCT systems. (<b>d</b>) is the measured intensity fall-off graph of the proposed system obtained every 100 pixels.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Simultaneously obtained images of a Scotch tape roll with the space-division multiplexing technique applied using a simultaneous quad-scanner (QS)-OCT. (<b>a</b>) is a representative B-scan image of the rolled Scotch tape imaged from four different directions with simultaneous QS-OCT, (<b>b</b>) is a merged image of the four QS-OCT images shown in (<b>a</b>).</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Enface and cross-sectional OCT images of mouse heart and kidney specimens. (<b>a</b>) and (<b>f</b>) are the enface images of mouse heart and kidney, respectively. (<b>b</b>–<b>e</b>), and (<b>g</b>–<b>j</b>) are the cross-sectional OCT images of mouse heart and kidney, respectively.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>3D volumetric and representative enface images of mouse heart and kidney using quad-scanner (QS)-OCT. (<b>a</b>,<b>e</b>) are full-directional 3D rendering morphological images of a mouse heart and kidney; (<b>b</b>–<b>d</b>) and (<b>f</b>–<b>h</b>) are the selected enface images obtained at the three different layers shown in (<b>a</b>,<b>e</b>), respectively.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Optical Configuration and Duty Cycle Illustration of Simultaenous QS-OCT
2.2. Optical Configuration and Duty Cycles of Sequential QS-OCT
2.3. The Description and the Flow Chart of the Image Processing Algorithm
2.4. Collection of Mouse Heart and Kidney Specimens
3. Results
3.1. Quantitative Analysis of Performance and Alignment of Scanners
3.2. Imaging Process and Measured Data Using Simultaneous QS-OCT
3.3. The Examination of Merged 3D Data of Ex Vivo Mouse Kideny and Heart Obtained by Sequential
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Saleah, S.A.; Seong, D.; Han, S.; Wijesinghe, R.E.; Ravichandran, N.K.; Jeon, M.; Kim, J. Integrated Quad-Scanner Strategy-Based Optical Coherence Tomography for the Whole-Directional Volumetric Imaging of a Sample. Sensors 2021, 21, 1305. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041305
Saleah SA, Seong D, Han S, Wijesinghe RE, Ravichandran NK, Jeon M, Kim J. Integrated Quad-Scanner Strategy-Based Optical Coherence Tomography for the Whole-Directional Volumetric Imaging of a Sample. Sensors. 2021; 21(4):1305. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041305
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaleah, Sm Abu, Daewoon Seong, Sangyeob Han, Ruchire Eranga Wijesinghe, Naresh Kumar Ravichandran, Mansik Jeon, and Jeehyun Kim. 2021. "Integrated Quad-Scanner Strategy-Based Optical Coherence Tomography for the Whole-Directional Volumetric Imaging of a Sample" Sensors 21, no. 4: 1305. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041305