Monitoring the Impacts of Severe Drought on Southern California Chaparral Species using Hyperspectral and Thermal Infrared Imagery
"> Figure 1
<p>The study region covering the Santa Barbara Coast and portions of the Santa Ynez Mountains and Santa Ynez Valley, California. An AVIRIS images acquired in July 2011 is shown in a 1651 nm (red), 831 nm (green), 658 nm (blue) false color composite. Reference polygons dominated by plant species are marked by yellow dots.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Precipitation and soil moisture measured at Sedgwick Ranch, California. (<b>a</b>) Monthly precipitation; (<b>b</b>) percent of each month with a volumetric moisture content (VMC) greater than 0.08 at a depth of 15 cm. The 0.08 VMC threshold was empirically determined to be just above the wilting point in this soil type; and (<b>c</b>) percent of each month with a VMC greater than 0.08 at a depth of 46 cm.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>An NDVI threshold of 0.3 was empirically determined using spectra extracted from species reference polygons (GV) and from areas with senesced grassland and soil cover (non-GV). Non-GV cover was identified based on appearance in high resolution orthoimagery and manual inspection of spectral shape in the July 2011 AVIRIS image. 95% of GV-type spectra were above the 0.3 NDVI threshold, while only 12% of non-GV-type spectra were above the same threshold.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Relative GV fraction for dates in 2013 and 2014. White areas indicate pixels with an NDVI less than 0.3 in the July 2011 data. An instrument malfunction resulted in missing data for the white strip shown in the 2014-06-04 image. Fire scars for the Gap, Jesusita, and Tea fires are indicated by the letters G, J, and T, respectively. The location of the Sedgwick Ranch station recording precipitation and soil moisture data shown in <a href="#remotesensing-07-14276-f002" class="html-fig">Figure 2</a> is indicated by the letter S.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Relative GV fraction for dates in 2013. The areas shown are subsets of the study area shown in <a href="#remotesensing-07-14276-f004" class="html-fig">Figure 4</a>: (<b>a</b>) Agriculture in the Santa Ynez valley; (<b>b</b>) chaparral (top-right of subset) and coastal sage scrub and grasslands (bottom-left of subset); (<b>c</b>) the fire scar of the 2008 Gap fire (top of subset) and agriculture and grasslands (bottom of subset). White areas indicate pixels with an NDVI less than 0.3 in the July 2011 data.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Relative GV fraction distributions for individual species. Species codes are listed in <a href="#remotesensing-07-14276-t001" class="html-table">Table 1</a>. Density is the kernel density estimate calculated using the “density” function in R statistical software (<a href="http://www.R-project.org/" target="_blank">http://www.R-project.org/</a>).</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Land surface temperature <span class="html-italic">versus</span> relative GV fraction for pixels in species polygons. Species codes are listed in <a href="#remotesensing-07-14276-t001" class="html-table">Table 1</a>.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Image Data
2.3. Ground Reference Data
2.4. Analysis
Species/Vegetation Type | Code | Functional Type | N Pixels |
---|---|---|---|
Adenostoma fasciculatum | ADFA | evergreen chaparral | 2727 |
Artemisia californica-Salvia leucophylla | ARCA-SALE | coastal sage scrub | 1548 |
Arctostaphylos glauca/glandulosa | ARGL | evergreen chaparral | 342 |
Ceanothus cuneatus | CECU | evergreen chaparral | 318 |
Ceanothus megacarpus | CEME | evergreen chaparral | 720 |
Ceanothus spinosus | CESP | evergreen chaparral | 957 |
Eriogonum fasciculatum | ERFA | coastal sage scrub | 1212 |
Pinus sabiniana | PISA | evergreen tree | 1203 |
Platanus racemosa | PLRA | deciduous tree | 720 |
Quercus agrifolia | QUAG | evergreen tree | 1536 |
Quercus douglasii | QUDO | deciduous tree | 2769 |
Umbellularia californica | UMCA | evergreen tree | 249 |
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Coates, A.R.; Dennison, P.E.; Roberts, D.A.; Roth, K.L. Monitoring the Impacts of Severe Drought on Southern California Chaparral Species using Hyperspectral and Thermal Infrared Imagery. Remote Sens. 2015, 7, 14276-14291. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs71114276
Coates AR, Dennison PE, Roberts DA, Roth KL. Monitoring the Impacts of Severe Drought on Southern California Chaparral Species using Hyperspectral and Thermal Infrared Imagery. Remote Sensing. 2015; 7(11):14276-14291. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs71114276
Chicago/Turabian StyleCoates, Austin R., Philip E. Dennison, Dar A. Roberts, and Keely L. Roth. 2015. "Monitoring the Impacts of Severe Drought on Southern California Chaparral Species using Hyperspectral and Thermal Infrared Imagery" Remote Sensing 7, no. 11: 14276-14291. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs71114276