Sustainable Biotransformation of Oleic Acid to 10-Hydroxystearic Acid by a Recombinant Oleate Hydratase from Lactococcus garvieae
<p>A schematic representation for construction of the oleate hydratase.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>(<b>A</b>) DNA gel electrophoresis, M1—15K DNA marker, M2—2K DNA marker, Lane 1 to 4—double digested bands; (<b>B</b>) Molecular mass determination of purified oleate hydratase enzyme from <span class="html-italic">Lactococcus garvieae</span> by SDS-PAGE stained with Coomassie Blue. Lane M1—molecular mass marker proteins (100, 70, 50, 40, 30, 25, and 14 kDa), Lane 1—crude extract, Lane 2—purified oleate hydratase enzyme.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Gas chromatography spectrum. (<b>A</b>) Standard, and (<b>B</b>) silylated hydroxy fatty acid product (10-hydroxystearic acid) obtained from oleic acid by the oleate hydratase from <span class="html-italic">L. garvieae</span>.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Influence of varying temperature on the relative activity (<b>A</b>) and thermal stability (<b>B</b>) of oleate hydratase for oleic acid biotransformation to 10-hydroxystearic acid.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Influence of varying pH levels on the relative activity (<b>A</b>) and stability (<b>B</b>) of oleate hydratase for oleic acid bioconversion to 10-hydroxystearic acid.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Influence of various monovalent, divalent, and trivalent metal ions on the activity of freshly obtained oleate hydratase from <span class="html-italic">Lactococcus garvieae</span>.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Influence of varying substrate (oleic acid) concentrations on the activity of freshly obtained oleate hydratase from <span class="html-italic">Lactococcus garvieae</span>.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>Time-course reactions for oleic acid transformation to 10-hydroxystearic acid by oleate hydratase under the optimal conditions of pH 7.5 and 30 °C. Data represent the means of three experiments and error bars represent standard deviation.</p> "> Scheme 1
<p>The biotransformation of oleic acid to 10-hydroxystearic acid in the presence of oleate hydratase.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Strains, Vectors, Growth Conditions and Reagents
2.2. Gene Cloning
2.3. Enzyme Purification
2.4. SDS-PAGE
2.5. Optimization of Reaction Conditions for 10-HSA Production
2.6. Analytical Methods
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Cloning and Molecular Characterization of Fatty Acid Hydratase from Lactococcus garvieae
3.2. Identification of Products by GC-MS Analysis
3.3. Optimization of Reaction Conditions
3.3.1. Influence of Temperature
3.3.2. Influence of pH
3.3.3. Influence of Metal Ions
3.3.4. Influence of Substrate Concentration
3.3.5. Influence of Reaction Time on Oleic Acid Biotransformation to 10-HSA
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Zhang, J.; Bilal, M.; Liu, S.; Zhang, J.; Lu, H.; Luo, H.; Luo, C.; Shi, H.; Iqbal, H.M.N.; Zhao, Y. Sustainable Biotransformation of Oleic Acid to 10-Hydroxystearic Acid by a Recombinant Oleate Hydratase from Lactococcus garvieae. Processes 2019, 7, 326. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7060326
Zhang J, Bilal M, Liu S, Zhang J, Lu H, Luo H, Luo C, Shi H, Iqbal HMN, Zhao Y. Sustainable Biotransformation of Oleic Acid to 10-Hydroxystearic Acid by a Recombinant Oleate Hydratase from Lactococcus garvieae. Processes. 2019; 7(6):326. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7060326
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Jing, Muhammad Bilal, Shuai Liu, Jiaheng Zhang, Hedong Lu, Hongzhen Luo, Chuping Luo, Hao Shi, Hafiz M. N. Iqbal, and Yuping Zhao. 2019. "Sustainable Biotransformation of Oleic Acid to 10-Hydroxystearic Acid by a Recombinant Oleate Hydratase from Lactococcus garvieae" Processes 7, no. 6: 326. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7060326