The Skin Histopathology of Pro- and Parabiotics in a Mouse Model of Atopic Dermatitis
<p>Histologic features of DNCB-induced AD-like skin damage were evaluated using H&E staining. (<b>A</b>) H&E staining of experimental animal skin for anti-atopic effects of pro-, para-, and mixed biotics (H&E × 200). (<b>B</b>) Histopathologic score in AD-like skin lesions. H&E staining showed that pro-, para-, and mixed biotics all alleviated DNCB-induced inflammation in the epidermal layer, with a histologically significant reduction in the T3 group. The red line in the figure is the relative width of the tissue stain. The data represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. (## <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.01 vs. VC, * <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.05 vs. NC, ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.01 vs. NC).</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Histologic features of CD8 antibody staining and Filaggrin staining of AD-like skin lesions with DNCB. (<b>A</b>) CD8 antibody staining of experimental animal skin for anti-atopic effects of pro-, para-, and mixed biotics. Increased expression of CD8 in the epidermal and dermal layers was observed in the DNCB-induced NC, but relatively decreased CD8 expression was observed in the T1, T2, and T3 groups. Similarly, (<b>B</b>) Filaggrin staining in AD showed an increase in the thickness of the epithelial layer in the DNCB-induced NC, but a decrease in T1, T2, and T3. The data represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. (# <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.05 vs. VC, ## <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.01 vs. VC, * <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.05 vs. NC, ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.01 vs. NC, *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.001 vs. NC).</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Toluidine blue staining histologic features of AD-like skin lesions with DNCB. (<b>A</b>) Toluidine blue staining of experimental animal skin for anti-atopic effects of pro-, para-, and mixed biotics. (<b>B</b>) Mast cell count in AD-like skin lesions. Mast cells increased dramatically in the DNCB-induced group, but decreased in the T1, T2, and T3 groups, with a significant decrease in the T3 group. The red arrow is the estimated number of mast cells. Data represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. (## <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.01 vs. VC, * <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.05 vs. NC, ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.01 vs. NC).</p> "> Figure 4
<p>(<b>A</b>) Visual assessment and average atopic score for each symptom between days 1–15 of atopy-induced skin damage with DNCB and scratching behavior scoring results. (<b>B</b>) Enlarged the condition of atopic dermatitis in each group. (<b>C</b>) Each item is scored as no symptoms (0), mild (1), moderate (2), or severe (3). Means with different superscripts in the same row are significantly different at <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.05 via Duncan’s multiple range tests. The data represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. (# <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.05, ## <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.01 vs. VC).</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Strain and Atopic Agents
2.2. Animals
2.3. Blood Biochemistry Analysis
2.4. Measuring Skin Damage and Scratching Behavior
2.5. Histopathology and Microscopic Confirmation Using Skin Staining
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Body Weight
3.2. Comparison of IgG and IgM Using Animal Serum
3.3. Anti-Atopic Effects of Pro- and Parabiotics Using H&E Staining
3.4. Anti-Atopic Effects of Pro- and Parabiotics via CD8 Antibody and Filaggrin Staining
3.5. Anti-Atopic Effects of Pro- and Parabiotics via Toluidine Blue Staining
3.6. Skin Damage and Scores by Date
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Day | |||
---|---|---|---|
1 | 8 | 15 | |
Vehicle Control group (VC) | 24.39 ± 0.61 NS | 24.70 ± 0.74 NS | 25.18 ± 0.73 NS |
Atopy-induced Negative Control group (NC) | 24.71 ± 1.82 NS | 25.06 ± 1.79 NS | 25.66 ± 1.31 NS |
Lactobacillus sakei T1 | 24.58 ± 1.35 NS | 24.95 ± 1.03 NS | 25.42 ± 1.40 NS |
Lactobacillus casei T2 | 24.00 ± 0.83 NS | 25.00 ± 1.43 NS | 25.65 ± 0.84 NS |
Lactobacillus sakei–Lactobacillus casei (4:3) T3 | 22.54 ± 1.30 NS | 23.22 ± 0.97 NS | 23.84 ± 0.87 NS |
IgG (mg/dL) | IgM (mg/dL) | |
---|---|---|
Vehicle Control group (VC) | 10.00 ± 2.70 A | 19.96 ± 2.74 A |
Atopy-induced Negative Control group (NC) | 18.12 ± 2.16 BC | 21.32 ± 2.32 AB |
Lactobacillus sakei T1 | 16.12 ± 1.36 B | 22.38 ± 3.40 AB |
Lactobacillus casei T2 | 19.30 ± 1.97 BC | 27.38 ± 5.64 B |
Lactobacillus sakei–Lactobacillus casei (4:3) T3 | 21.17 ± 3.84 C | 26.10 ± 0.79 AB |
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Kim, H.H.; Jeong, S.H.; Park, M.Y.; Bhosale, P.B.; Abusaliya, A.; Heo, J.D.; Kim, H.W.; Seong, J.K.; Kim, T.Y.; Park, J.W.; et al. The Skin Histopathology of Pro- and Parabiotics in a Mouse Model of Atopic Dermatitis. Nutrients 2024, 16, 2903. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172903
Kim HH, Jeong SH, Park MY, Bhosale PB, Abusaliya A, Heo JD, Kim HW, Seong JK, Kim TY, Park JW, et al. The Skin Histopathology of Pro- and Parabiotics in a Mouse Model of Atopic Dermatitis. Nutrients. 2024; 16(17):2903. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172903
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Hun Hwan, Se Hyo Jeong, Min Yeong Park, Pritam Bhagwan Bhosale, Abuyaseer Abusaliya, Jeong Doo Heo, Hyun Wook Kim, Je Kyung Seong, Tae Yang Kim, Jeong Woo Park, and et al. 2024. "The Skin Histopathology of Pro- and Parabiotics in a Mouse Model of Atopic Dermatitis" Nutrients 16, no. 17: 2903. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172903