Acoustic Performance of Resilient Materials Using Acrylic Polymer Emulsion Resin
<p>A mold for specimen of a place-type resilient material.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Schematic diagram of the place-type resilient material.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Experiment process of the place-type resilient material.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Test method for dynamic stiffness by pulse shaker.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Measuring thickness according to time and weight for remanent strain.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>The proposed place-type resilient material.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Variations of density according to mixing conditions.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>Variations of compressive strength according to mixing conditions.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>Variations of dynamic stiffness according to mixing conditions.</p> "> Figure 10
<p>Variations of remanent strain according to mixing conditions.</p> "> Figure 11
<p>Schematic overview of floor system with resilient materials installation: (<b>a</b>) typical floor system; and (<b>b</b>) proposed floor system.</p> "> Figure 12
<p>Construction process for floor system using resilient materials.</p> "> Figure 13
<p>Overview and floor plan of the test building: (<b>a</b>) ISO view of the test building; and (<b>b</b>) floor plan of the test building.</p> "> Figure 14
<p>Two floor impact sources.</p> "> Figure 15
<p>Floor impact sound level with the proposed materials in 1/3 Octave bands—Impact ball.</p> "> Figure 16
<p>Floor impact sound level with the proposed materials in 1/1 Octave bands—Impact ball.</p> "> Figure 17
<p>Floor impact sound level with the proposed materials in 1/3 Octave bands—Bang machine.</p> "> Figure 18
<p>Floor impact sound level with the proposed materials in 1/1 Octave bands—Bang machine.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Test for the Material Properties
2.1. Test Specimens
2.2. Measuring Methods
2.3. Properties of the Place-Type Resilient Materials
2.3.1. Density
2.3.2. Compressive Strength
2.3.3. Dynamic Stiffness
2.3.4. Remanent Strain
3. Evaluation of Floor Impact Noise Reduction
3.1. Experimental Tests on the Floor
3.2. Natural Frequencies of the Floor System
3.3. Floor Impact Sound Experiment
4. Summary and Conclusions
- (1)
- In the case of resilient materials fabricated with acrylic resin and mineral binders, an increase in the cement and silica powder replacement ratios caused an increase in density due to the high specific gravity of the raw materials, and an increase in density in turn reduced the dynamic stiffness.
- (2)
- Resilient materials with high cement and silica powder replacement ratios developed high strength due to the hydration characteristics and promotion effect of the raw materials.
- (3)
- Remanent strain was found to be inversely proportional to density and strength. For instance, specimens with high density and strength had low remanent strain.
- (4)
- Heavyweight impact noise measurements showed that materials with high density and strength and low remanent strain exhibited high noise reduction rates, and that low dynamic stiffness was also advantageous in reducing the impact noise.
- (5)
- The acoustic performance of the materials with low density, low strength, and high remanent strain does not always result in reducing impact nose level due to the resonance around 63 Hz and its effects in the area of adhesion among the resilient material, the concrete slab, foamed concrete, and finish mortar.
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
EPS | Expanded Polystyrene |
EVA | Ethylene Vinyl Acetate |
LOI | Lost on Ignition |
ISO | International Organization for Standardization |
KS | Korean industrial Standards |
SPL | Sound Pressure Level |
SNQ | Single Number Quantity |
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Case No. | Cement (%) | Silica Powder (%) | Sodium Sulfate (%) | EPS (%) | Anhydrite (%) | Fly Ash (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M1 | 0 | 25 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 30 |
M2 | 30 | |||||
M3 | 35 | |||||
M4 | 15 | 25 | ||||
M5 | 30 | |||||
M6 | 35 | |||||
M7 | 30 | 25 | ||||
M8 | 30 | |||||
M9 | 35 |
Case No. | Acrylic Polymer Emulsion Resin (%) | Cement (%) | Silica Powder (%) | Sodium Sulfate (%) | EPS (%) | Anhydrite (%) | Fly Ash (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M1 | 60.60 | 0.00 | 15.15 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 4.85 | 18.18 |
M2 | 58.82 | 0.00 | 17.65 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 4.70 | 17.65 |
M3 | 57.14 | 0.00 | 20.00 | 0.57 | 0.57 | 4.57 | 17.15 |
M4 | 55.55 | 8.33 | 13.89 | 0.56 | 0.56 | 4.44 | 16.67 |
M5 | 54.05 | 8.11 | 16.22 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 4.32 | 16.22 |
M6 | 52.63 | 7.89 | 18.42 | 0.53 | 0.53 | 4.21 | 15.79 |
M7 | 51.28 | 15.39 | 12.82 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 4.10 | 15.39 |
M8 | 50.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 4.00 | 15.00 |
M9 | 48.78 | 14.63 | 17.08 | 0.49 | 0.49 | 3.90 | 14.63 |
Density (kg/m3) | Dissoluble Solid (%) | Viscosity (cps) | Tg (°C) | Water Content | State |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1040 ± 100 | 50.0 ± 1.0 | 10~800 | −15 | 35% | liquid |
Density (kg/m3) | Blaine Fineness (m2/kg) | 44 μm on Residue (%) | Setting Time (min) | Compressive Strength (MPa) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Initial | Final | 3 Days | 7 Days | 28 Days | |||
3140 | 320 | 12.5 | 240 | 370 | 22.5 | 30.0 | 39.5 |
SiO2 (%) | Water (%) | LOI (%) | Density (kg/m3) | Blaine Fineness (m2/kg) | Flow Value Ratio (%) | Activity Index (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
48.8 | 0.1 | 3.5 | 2140 | 336 | 101 | 81 |
SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | Na2O | K2O | SO3 | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2.5 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 39.1 | 0.67 | – | – | 57.2 | 99.65 |
Purity (%) | Size (µm) | Blaine Fineness (m2/kg) | Loss on Ignition (wt %) | pH | Hardness (Mohs) | Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
99.8 | 14.1 | 2000 | 3 | 7 | 7.0 | 1350 |
Density (kg/m3) | Absorption Ratio (%) | Size (mm) | Color |
---|---|---|---|
350 | 0 | 2.9 | White |
Case No. | Density (kg/m3) | Compressive Strength (MPa) | Dynamic Stiffness (MN/m3) | Remanent Strain (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|
M1 | 1349.38 | 0.73 | – | 4.8 |
M2 | 1368.13 | 0.84 | – | 5.2 |
M3 | 1381.88 | 0.96 | – | 5.3 |
M4 | 1486.88 | 1.10 | 75.0 | 4.4 |
M5 | 1493.13 | 1.31 | 73.0 | 4.5 |
M6 | 1498.75 | 1.45 | 68.5 | 4.8 |
M7 | 1619.38 | 1.71 | 52.5 | 2.4 |
M8 | 1680.63 | 1.97 | 48.0 | 2.5 |
M9 | 1702.50 | 2.22 | 23.5 | 2.7 |
Case No. | Cement (%) | Silica Powder (%) | Resin | Test Specimen No. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Base | Conventional EPS resilient material | – | ||
R1 | 15 | 25 | Acrylic polymer emulsion resin | M4 |
R2 | 35 | M6 | ||
R3 | 30 | 25 | M7 | |
R4 | 35 | M9 |
Name | Material | Thickness (mm) | Density (kg/m3) | (kg/m2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Floating Plate | Finishing mortar | 40 | 1800 | 92 (72 + 20) |
Lightweight foamed concrete | 500 | |||
Base Plate | Concrete Slab | 210 | 2400 | 504 |
Material | Dynamic Stiffness (, MN/m3) | Natural Frequency (Hz) |
---|---|---|
Base | 10.0 | 57.06 |
R1 | 75.0 | 156.27 |
R2 | 68.5 | 149.34 |
R3 | 52.5 | 130.74 |
R4 | 23.5 | 87.47 |
Frequency (Hz) | Case No. (dB) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | |
50 | 63.7 | 62.5 | 69.0 | 61.1 | 66.6 |
63 | 62.1 | 61.4 | 66.3 | 59.2 | 65.0 |
80 | 61.0 | 70.6 | 68.7 | 68.3 | 65.8 |
100 | 62.7 | 62.7 | 59.4 | 62.1 | 56.9 |
125 | 61.9 | 58.2 | 54.1 | 59.7 | 54.6 |
160 | 64.2 | 61.1 | 55.9 | 63.7 | 56.1 |
200 | 56.8 | 56.2 | 48.2 | 54.7 | 47.0 |
250 | 49.2 | 45.9 | 43.6 | 44.0 | 42.8 |
315 | 47.5 | 46.3 | 43.3 | 43.4 | 41.8 |
400 | 43.4 | 49.8 | 43.2 | 47.7 | 43.7 |
500 | 44.8 | 50.1 | 44.5 | 45.4 | 47.0 |
630 | 36.8 | 51.9 | 49.3 | 54.2 | 50.1 |
Frequency (Hz) | Case No. (Difference, dB) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | |
63 | 67.2 | 71.7(+4.5) | 72.9(+5.7) | 69.5(+2.3) | 70.6(+3.4) |
125 | 67.8 | 65.8(−2.0) | 61.8(−6.0) | 66.9(−0.9) | 60.7(−7.1) |
250 | 57.9 | 57.0(−0.9) | 50.4(−7.5) | 55.3(−2.6) | 49.3(−8.6) |
500 | 47.6 | 55.5(+7.9) | 51.3(+3.7) | 55.5(+7.9) | 52.5(+4.9) |
SNQ ( | 50 | 51 | 48 | 51 | 47 |
Frequency (Hz) | Case No. (dB) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | |
50 | 71.5 | 72.5 | 76.6 | 69.3 | 76.9 |
63 | 72.3 | 72.1 | 75.7 | 69.5 | 77.3 |
80 | 70.4 | 74.7 | 70.8 | 73.0 | 70.1 |
100 | 65.9 | 64.5 | 61.4 | 63.2 | 59.5 |
125 | 59.8 | 58.9 | 54.7 | 57.3 | 52.6 |
160 | 64.0 | 58.2 | 53.9 | 59.9 | 52.8 |
200 | 52.8 | 56.5 | 50.2 | 49.5 | 43.9 |
250 | 51.1 | 50.7 | 49.1 | 44.2 | 43.4 |
315 | 45.7 | 54.5 | 45.8 | 46.2 | 46.1 |
400 | 43.2 | 54.2 | 49.2 | 45.9 | 46.6 |
500 | 44.0 | 50.2 | 49.8 | 45.6 | 44.9 |
630 | 38.7 | 48.8 | 50.6 | 48.2 | 44.7 |
Frequency (Hz) | Case No. (Difference, dB) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | |
63 | 76.2 | 78.0(+1.8) | 79.8(+3.6) | 75.7(−0.5) | 80.5(+4.3) |
125 | 68.7 | 66.3(−2.4) | 62.8(−5.9) | 65.6(−3.1) | 61.0(−7.7) |
250 | 55.5 | 59.3(+3.8) | 53.5(−2.0) | 52.0(−3.5) | 49.4(−6.1) |
500 | 47.3 | 56.5(+9.2) | 54.7(+7.4) | 51.5(+4.2) | 50.3(+3.0) |
SNQ ( | 51 | 53 | 52 | 50 | 50 |
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Kim, H.; Park, S.; Lee, S. Acoustic Performance of Resilient Materials Using Acrylic Polymer Emulsion Resin. Materials 2016, 9, 592. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9070592
Kim H, Park S, Lee S. Acoustic Performance of Resilient Materials Using Acrylic Polymer Emulsion Resin. Materials. 2016; 9(7):592. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9070592
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Haseog, Sangki Park, and Seahyun Lee. 2016. "Acoustic Performance of Resilient Materials Using Acrylic Polymer Emulsion Resin" Materials 9, no. 7: 592. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9070592