Development of Analytical Impact Force Models for Floor Impact Vibration and Acoustic Numerical Analysis
<p>Impact sources and experimental testing devices: (<b>a</b>) bang machine; (<b>b</b>) impact ball; and (<b>c</b>) impact force source tester.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Overall procedure of computing Impact Exposure Level: (<b>a</b>) time series data; (<b>b</b>) dividing into and converting to 1/1 octave band center frequency; and (<b>c</b>) computed impact exposure level.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Ten experimental test data results of the bang machine: (<b>a</b>) time series data; and (<b>b</b>) impact exposure level.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Analytical impact force model for the bang machine: (<b>a</b>) time series data; and (<b>b</b>) computed impact exposure level.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Ten experimental test data of the impact ball: (<b>a</b>) time series data; and (<b>b</b>) computed impact exposure level.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Analytical impact force model for the impact ball: (<b>a</b>) time series data; and (<b>b</b>) computed impact exposure level.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Improved analytical impact force model for the impact ball: (<b>a</b>) Time series data; and (<b>b</b>) computed impact exposure level.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>Overall procedure of structural vibration and acoustic analysis.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>Relationship among density, pressure, and displacement.</p> "> Figure 10
<p>Drawing and details of the test specimen: (<b>a</b>) top view; (<b>b</b>) front view; and (<b>c</b>) wall-type structure specimen.</p> "> Figure 11
<p>Details of experimental testing: (<b>a</b>) impact source locations; (<b>b</b>) bang machine; and (<b>c</b>) impact ball.</p> "> Figure 12
<p>Microphone locations for noise measurements: (<b>a</b>) microphone locations in KS (Korean industrial standards); and (<b>b</b>) microphone setting for experimental testing.</p> "> Figure 13
<p>Acoustic response of experimental test for five microphones and its mean value: (<b>a</b>) bang machine; and (<b>b</b>) impact ball.</p> "> Figure 14
<p>Graphical representation of the numerical model for the test specimen: (<b>a</b>) wall-type specimen; and (<b>b</b>) the computational model for numerical analysis.</p> "> Figure 15
<p>Acoustic response of numerical analysis for the bang machine: (<b>a</b>) The mean of ten experiments force model; (<b>b</b>) The proposed impact force model.</p> "> Figure 16
<p>Acoustic response of numerical analysis for the impact ball: (<b>a</b>) the mean of ten force model experiments; and (<b>b</b>) the proposed impact force model.</p> "> Figure 17
<p>Comparison of test results and numerical results.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Background and Mathematical Formulation
2.1. Standard Heavy Weight Impact Sources
2.2. Development of Analytical Impact Force Models Using Optimization
2.3. Analytical Impact Force Model for Bang Machine
2.4. Analytical Impact Force Model for Impact Ball
2.5. Theroretical Backgroud of Vibration and Acoustic Analysis
3. Illustrative Example for Structure-Acoustic Analysis
3.1. Wall-Type Structure Specimen
3.2. Field Measurements
3.3. Numerical Analysis Uinsg Analytical Impact Force Models
3.4. Comparison and Anlaysis
4. Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
FEM | Finite Element Method |
BEM | Boundary Element Method |
ISO | International Organization for Standardization |
JIS | Japanese Industrial Standards |
KS | Korean Industrial Standards |
EPS | Expanded Polystyrene |
SPL | Sound Pressure Level |
SNQ | Single Number Quantity |
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Item | Bang Machine | Impact Ball |
---|---|---|
Effective Mass (kg) | 7.3 | 2.5 |
Air Pressure (Pa) | 2.5 × 105 | - |
Drop Height (m) | 0.85 | 1.0 |
Rebound Coefficient | 0.8 | 0.8 |
Shape (mm) | - | 80 |
Impact Time (ms) | 20 ± 2 | 20 ± 2 |
1/1 Octave Band Center Frequency (Hz) | 1/1 Octave Band Impact Exposure Level (dB) | Allowable Variation (dB) | |
---|---|---|---|
Bang Machine | Impact Ball | ||
31.5 | 47.0 | 39.0 | ± 1.0 |
63 | 40.0 | 31.0 | ± 1.5 |
125 | 22.0 | 23.0 | ± 1.5 |
250 | 11.5 | 17.0 | ± 2.0 |
500 | 5.5 | 12.5 | ± 2.0 |
Coefficient | Value |
---|---|
C0 | −0.001054 |
C1 | 0.062730 |
C2 | −1.175034 |
C3 | 5.420442 |
C4 | 8.873756 |
C5 | 411.677662 |
C6 | −12.918740 |
Center Frequency (Hz) | Korean industrial Standards (KS) Level (dB) | Mean Case (dB) | Proposed (dB) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | Middle | Upper | |||
31.5 | 46.0 | 47.0 | 48.0 | 46.306 | 46.305 |
63.0 | 38.5 | 40.0 | 41.5 | 39.355 | 39.360 |
125.0 | 20.5 | 22.0 | 23.5 | 21.787 | 21.722 |
250.0 | 9.5 | 11.5 | 13.5 | 17.564 1 | 13.330 |
500.0 | 3.5 | 5.5 | 7.5 | 11.288 1 | 4.174 |
Center Frequency (Hz) | KS Level (dB) | Current (dB) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Low | Middle | Upper | ||
31.5 | 38.0 | 39.0 | 40.0 | 38.382 |
63.0 | 29.5 | 31.0 | 32.5 | 30.836 |
125.0 | 21.5 | 23.0 | 24.5 | 22.928 |
250.0 | 15.0 | 17.0 | 19.0 | 20.251 1 |
500.0 | 10.5 | 12.5 | 14.5 | 13.746 |
Coefficient | Value |
---|---|
C0 | −0.002691 |
C1 | 0.164272 |
C2 | −3.850763 |
C3 | 43.537537 |
C4 | −258.213331 |
C5 | 862.686073 |
C6 | −105.837420 |
Center Frequency (Hz) | KS Level (dB) | Proposed (dB) | Improved (dB) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | Middle | Upper | |||
31.5 | 38.0 | 39.0 | 40.0 | 38.376 | 38.364 |
63.0 | 29.5 | 31.0 | 32.5 | 30.861 | 30.845 |
125.0 | 21.5 | 23.0 | 24.5 | 22.820 | 22.580 |
250.0 | 15.0 | 17.0 | 19.0 | 16.473 | 16.180 |
500.0 | 10.5 | 12.5 | 14.5 | 8.330 1 | 12.530 |
Name | Concrete | Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) |
---|---|---|
Modulus of Elasticity (GPa) | 24.834 | 0.005 |
Density (ρ, kg/m3) | 2400.0 | 15.0 |
Poisson’s Ratio (ν) | 0.167 | 0.05 |
Acoustic Impedance (Z, MRayl) | 8.0 | 2.5 |
1/1 Octave Band (Hz) | Bang Machine (dB) | Impact Ball (dB) |
---|---|---|
31.5 | 69.17 | 59.83 |
63 | 80.56 | 77.61 |
125 | 76.75 | 76.44 |
250 | 62.22 | 68.36 |
500 | 52.08 | 56.77 |
SNQ | 57 | 59 |
Case | Bang Machine (dB) | Impact Ball (dB) | |
---|---|---|---|
Experimental Test | 57 | 59 | |
Numerical Analysis | Mean of 10 test | 62 | 66 |
Proposed Model | 57 | 64 |
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Park, S.; Kim, H. Development of Analytical Impact Force Models for Floor Impact Vibration and Acoustic Numerical Analysis. Appl. Sci. 2016, 6, 120. https://doi.org/10.3390/app6050120
Park S, Kim H. Development of Analytical Impact Force Models for Floor Impact Vibration and Acoustic Numerical Analysis. Applied Sciences. 2016; 6(5):120. https://doi.org/10.3390/app6050120
Chicago/Turabian StylePark, Sangki, and Haseog Kim. 2016. "Development of Analytical Impact Force Models for Floor Impact Vibration and Acoustic Numerical Analysis" Applied Sciences 6, no. 5: 120. https://doi.org/10.3390/app6050120