Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Helicobacter pylori Gastritis in Patients Referred for Endoscopy—A Single-Center Romanian Study
<p>Patient selection process. Final included groups were composed of 119 patients with T2DM and 514 patients with no history of T2DM. EGD—esophagogastroduodenoscopy; T2DM—type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Antral reactive gastropathy.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Antral active chronic gastritis.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Corporeal active chronic gastritis.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Endoscopic and Histologic Findings
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
Multivariate Regression Model
4. Discussions
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables. | Study Group T2DM+ (n = 119) | Control Group T2DM− (n = 514) | p |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 68 (37–86) | 63 (23–92) | 0.000 a |
Sex—n (%) | |||
Male | 67 (56.3) | 248 (48.2) | 0.113 b |
Symptoms—n (%). | Study Group T2DM+ (n = 119) | Control Group T2DM− (n = 514) | p b | OR c | CI 95% d |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Epigastric pain/discomfort | 39 (35.5) | 238 (46.3) | 0.038 | 0.637 | 0.415–0.977 |
Heartburn | 11 (10) | 125 (24.3) | 0.001 | 0.346 | 0.180–0.665 |
Belching | 3 (2.7) | 18 (3.5) | 0.683 | 0.773 | 0.224–2.670 |
Bloating | 16 (14.5) | 94 (18.3) | 0.350 | 0.761 | 0.428–1.352 |
Nausea/vomiting | 28 (25.5) | 99 (19.3) | 0.143 | 1.431 | 0.884–2.317 |
Diarrhea | 5 (4.5) | 30 (5.8) | 0.593 | 0.768 | 0.291–2.027 |
Weight loss | 10 (9.1) | 72 (14) | 0.166 | 0.614 | 0.306–1.231 |
Loss of appetite | 9 (8.2) | 66 (12.8) | 0.173 | 0.605 | 0.292–1.254 |
Laboratory Results | Study Group T2DM+ (n = 119) | Control Group T2DM− (n = 514) | p a |
---|---|---|---|
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.3 (4.7–18.1) | 13.2 (3.6–18) | 0.001 |
Mean Corpuscular Volume (femtoliters) | 86.2 (62.2–115.7) | 86.3 (52.2–124.1) | 0.098 |
Serum Iron (micromoles/L) | 11.6 (1.6–49.7) | 13.05 (1–61.4) | 0.02 |
Fibrinogen (g/dL) | 4.1 (1.1–8.2) | 3.5 (1.2–17.2) | 0.000 |
INR | 1.12 (0.78–6.73) | 1.05 (0.84–4.71) | 0.000 |
Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.09 (1.08–7.74) | 4.69 (1.67–12.55) | 0.000 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.45 (0.44–4.89) | 1.14 (0.04–5.40) | 0.000 |
Medication—n (%) | Study Group T2DM+ (n = 119) | Control Group T2DM− (n = 514) | p b | OR c | CI 95% d |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NSAIDs | 14 (11.8) | 97 (18.9) | 0.066 | 0.573 | 0.315–1.044 |
Aspirin | 47 (39.5) | 112 (21.8) | 0.000 | 2.343 | 1.535–3.577 |
ACEIs | 62 (52.1) | 149 (29.0) | 0.000 | 2.665 | 1.774–4.003 |
PPIs | 77 (64.7) | 299 (58.2) | 0.191 | 1.318 | 0.871–1.996 |
Vitamin K Antagonists | 15 (12.6) | 44 (8.6) | 0.171 | 1.541 | 0.826–2.873 |
DOACs | 14 (11.8) | 34 (6.6) | 0.056 | 1.882 | 0.976–3.632 |
Clopidogrel | 18 (15.1) | 64 (12.5) | 0.434 | 1.253 | 0.712–2.206 |
Beta-blockers | 82 (68.9) | 227 (44.2) | 0.000 | 2.802 | 1.831–4.288 |
Endoscopic Findings—n (%) | Study Group T2DM+ (n = 119) | Control Group T2DM− (n = 514) | p b | OR c | CI 95% d |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gastric resection | 2 (1.7) | 23 (4.5) | 0.158 | 0.365 | 0.085–1.570 |
Hiatal hernia | 30 (25.2) | 165 (32.1) | 0.142 | 0.713 | 0.453–1.122 |
Gastric erythema | |||||
antral | 90 (75.6) | 413 (80.4) | 0.251 | 0.759 | 0.474–1.216 |
corporal | 26 (21.8) | 110 (21.4) | 0.915 | 1.027 | 0.633–1.665 |
Gastric erosions | |||||
antral | 36 (30.3) | 161 (31.3) | 0.820 | 0.951 | 0.617–1.467 |
corporal | 7 (5.9) | 33 (6.4) | 0.828 | 0.911 | 0.393–2.113 |
Gastric ulcers (irrespective of location) | 9 (7.6) | 32 (6.2) | 0.593 | 1.232 | 0.572–2.656 |
Submucosal hemorrhage | |||||
antral | 7 (5.9) | 39 (7.6) | 0.518 | 0.761 | 0.332–1.747 |
corporal | 15 (12.6) | 43 (8.4) | 0.149 |
Histologic Findings—n (%) | Study Group T2DM+ (n = 119) | Control Group T2DM− (n = 514) | p b | OR c | CI 95% d |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reactive gastropathy | |||||
antral | 39 (32.8) | 190 (37) | 0.372 | 0.831 | 0.545–1.269 |
corporal | 13 (10.9) | 54 (10.5) | 0.894 | 1.045 | 0.550–1.984 |
Chronic inactive gastritis | |||||
antral | 21 (17.6) | 91 (17.9) | 0.814 | 0.983 | 0.583–1.657 |
corporal | 20 (16.8) | 96 (18.7) | 0.635 | 0.880 | 0.518–1.493 |
Chronic active gastritis | |||||
antral | 44 (37) | 148 (28.8) | 0.080 | 1.451 | 0.955–2.204 |
corporeal | 46 (38.7) | 152 (29.6) | 0.054 | 1.501 | 0.991–2.272 |
Premalignant gastric lesions | |||||
Glandular atrophy | 31 (26.1) | 124 (24.1) | 0.660 | 1.108 | 0.702–1.749 |
Intestinal metaplasia | 42 (35.3) | 170 (33.1) | 0.644 | 1.104 | 0.726–1.677 |
H. Pylori infection | 43 (36.1%) | 146 (28.4%) | 0.097 | 1.426 | 0.937–2.171 |
Laboratory Parameters/Social Behaviors (r, p) | Alcohol | Tobacco |
---|---|---|
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | r = 0.30, p = 0.799 | r = −0.189, p = 0.076 |
MCV (fL) | r = 0.228, p = 0.049 | r = −0.097, p = 0.367 |
Serum Iron (μmol/L) | r = 0.242, p = 0.036 | r = −0.094, p = 0.383 |
Fibrinogen (g/dL) | r = −0.104, p = 0.375 | r = 0.021, p = 0.843 |
INR | r = 0, p = 1.000 | r = 0.123, p = 0.253 |
Parameter | B a | SE b | p c | Adjusted OR d | CI 95% e |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Epigastric pain | −0.34 | 0.23 | 0.14 | 0.71 | 0.45–1.12 |
Heartburn | −0.98 | 0.35 | <0.01 | 0.37 | 0.18–0.75 |
Anemia | 0.53 | 0.22 | <0.01 | 1.70 | 1.10–2.64 |
H. pylori infection | 0.42 | 0.22 | 0.06 | 1.52 | 0.98–2.37 |
Antral chronic active gastritis | 0.34 | 0.22 | 0.13 | 1.41 | 0.90–2.20 |
Corporeal chronic active gastritis | 0.42 | 0.22 | 0.06 | 1.53 | 0.99–2.36 |
Intestinal metaplasia | −0.03 | 0.22 | 0.88 | 0.96 | 0.62–1.50 |
Glandular atrophy | −0.05 | 0.24 | 0.84 | 0.95 | 0.58–1.54 |
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Munteanu, S.-N.; Huțanu, D.; Filip, A.-M.; Cozac-Szőke, A.R.; Mocan, S.; Negovan, A. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Helicobacter pylori Gastritis in Patients Referred for Endoscopy—A Single-Center Romanian Study. Life 2024, 14, 1160. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091160
Munteanu S-N, Huțanu D, Filip A-M, Cozac-Szőke AR, Mocan S, Negovan A. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Helicobacter pylori Gastritis in Patients Referred for Endoscopy—A Single-Center Romanian Study. Life. 2024; 14(9):1160. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091160
Chicago/Turabian StyleMunteanu, Sabrina-Nicoleta, Dragoș Huțanu, Ana-Maria Filip, Andreea Raluca Cozac-Szőke, Simona Mocan, and Anca Negovan. 2024. "Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Helicobacter pylori Gastritis in Patients Referred for Endoscopy—A Single-Center Romanian Study" Life 14, no. 9: 1160. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091160