Recent Advances in Noble Metal Nanoparticles for Cancer Nanotheranostics
"> Figure 1
<p>(<bold>A</bold>) Represents the number of publications for each noble metal type during the respective year. (<bold>B</bold>) Schematic representation of engineered smart nanosystems and their scope in cancer targeting and diagnosis.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>(<bold>A</bold>,<bold>B</bold>) The TEM shape size and hydrodynamic diameter, along with surface charge on AuNPs, while the lysosome, Raman reporter, and combined confocal image of adenocarcinoma cells are shown in (<bold>C</bold>–<bold>E</bold>). The Raman spectra and peaks of the drug–Raman AuNPs in HT-adenocarcinoma cells with SERS peak at 508 cm<sup>–1</sup> shown in (<bold>F</bold>–<bold>H</bold>) represent the photon flux activity of luciferase in the tumor with NP-injected mice while (<bold>I</bold>) represents the activity in other organs. Images (<bold>J</bold>–<bold>L</bold>) show the hematoxylin and eosin (arrows represent tumor clones) (<bold>H</bold>,<bold>E</bold>) stain of sham-treated, AuNPs/Raman and drug–AuNPs/Raman-treated tumor; image reused with permission from reference [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21-jnt-04-00008">21</xref>]. Copyright 2014, Elsevier. (<bold>M</bold>,<bold>N</bold>) The TEM shape and hydrodynamic diameter of surface-modified AuNPs, while (<bold>O</bold>) shows the ICP-MS analysis of AuNPs uptake by A431 cancer cells. (<bold>P</bold>,<bold>Q</bold>) The dual-energy CT image of a lung tumor after modified AuNP administration and CT quantification of Au in an in vivo tumor model, respectively; images reused with permission from reference [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27-jnt-04-00008">27</xref>]. * <italic>p</italic> < 0.05. Copyright 2018, Public Library of Science (PLOS).</p> "> Figure 3
<p>(<bold>A</bold>) The luminescence spectra of AgNPs-AuNCs, and (<bold>B</bold>,<bold>C</bold>) shows the TEM image of hybrid silver–gold nanoparticles and a high-resolution TEM image of the same, respectively. The microscopic fluorescence image of the control HeLa cells (<bold>D–F</bold>) show the bright field, fluorescent, and merged image, while (<bold>G</bold>–<bold>I</bold>) represent the same set of microscopic images post-NP treatment for 3 h. (<bold>J</bold>–<bold>L</bold>) The deconvolution fluorescence images (brightfield, fluorescent, and merged, respectively) of NP-treated HeLa cells after 3 h. (<bold>M</bold>,<bold>N</bold>) The NP internalization and high-magnification TEM images of HeLa cells with NPs. (<bold>O</bold>–<bold>Q</bold>) show the apoptosis percentage for control, AgNPs, and hybrid silver–gold NP-treated HeLa cells quantified by a Caspase 3 assay; the images are reused with permission from reference [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B52-jnt-04-00008">52</xref>]. Copyright 2016, Royal Society of Chemistry.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>TEM image for Pt nanoworms shown in (<bold>A</bold>,<bold>B</bold>) represents the cell viability of 4T1 cells in vitro with photothermal and radiation therapy. For the in vivo model, (<bold>C</bold>) shows the heating curve with/without nanoworms when exposed to a NIR source and (<bold>D</bold>) represents the IR thermal image of control and Pt nanoworm-administered mice. (<bold>E</bold>) The in vivo biodistribution of Pt nanoworms in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice and (<bold>F</bold>) demonstrates the change in tumor size for 4T1 tumor-bearing mice with combination therapy, while (<bold>G</bold>) shows a change in tumor volume within different groups. The images were reused with permission from reference [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B58-jnt-04-00008">58</xref>]. Copyright 2018, Royal Society of Chemistry. While in a hybrid Pt–Fe system for Dox delivery, (<bold>H</bold>,<bold>I</bold>) show the TEM image and high-resolution image of NPs. (<bold>J</bold>) Represents a change in GBM tumor size and (<bold>K</bold>) with actual GBM tumor photos for different groups. (<bold>L</bold>) Photos of GBM tumor size and (<bold>M</bold>) presents the MRI images with mouse brain in control, NPs, and drug-conjugated NPs (FePt-NB) groups. (<bold>N</bold>,<bold>O</bold>) demonstrates the change in tumor volume and the Kaplan– Meier survival curve. The images are reproduced with permission from reference [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B60-jnt-04-00008">60</xref>]. (* <italic>p</italic> < 0.05, ** <italic>p</italic> < 0.01, and *** <italic>p</italic> < 0.001) Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Palladium nanoplates as a theranostic agent. The schematic representation of Pd@Au nanoplate synthesis and TEM images shown in (<bold>A</bold>,<bold>B</bold>) with solution color in (<bold>C</bold>,<bold>D</bold>) demonstrate the quantitative analysis for biodistribution of Pd@Au nanoplates in different organs at various time points, (<bold>d</bold>) represents HRTEM image of a Pd@Au nanoplate flat lying on the TEM. (<bold>E</bold>) The IR thermal imaging of control and tumor mice injected with nanoplates while (<bold>F</bold>) presents the photoacoustic imaging of the tumor site at different time points. (<bold>G</bold>–<bold>I</bold>) show the change in tumor volume, Kaplan–Meier survival curve, and photos of mice after photothermal treatment, respectively, administered with Pd nanoplates. Images are reused with permission from reference [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B73-jnt-04-00008">73</xref>]. Copyright 2014, Wiley.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>The TEM images and absorbance spectra for BSA-Ce6-modified hybrid iridium–manganese nanoparticles are shown in (<bold>A</bold>,<bold>B</bold>), respectively. (<bold>C</bold>) Represents the photothermal image of the Eppendorf with different concentrations of Ir: (<bold>D</bold>) is a schematic representation of oxygen generation with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> utilization, and (<bold>E</bold>) shows the quantitative data for O<sub>2</sub> generation using RDPP fluorescence quenching assay. (<bold>F</bold>–<bold>H</bold>) represent the CT image, MRI image, and PA image of the MDA-MB-231 tumor in a mouse model, respectively, injected with BSA-Ce6 conjugated IrO<sub>2</sub>/MnO<sub>2</sub> NPs. The fluorescence image of mice injected with free Ce6 and functionalized NPs shows the distribution (<bold>I</bold>) and the biodistribution of NPs in different organs in the mice model (<bold>J</bold>). The change in relative tumor volume is shown in (<bold>K</bold>), while (<bold>L</bold>) presents the photos of a tumor with the photothermal treatment. Images are reproduced with permission from reference [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B82-jnt-04-00008">82</xref>]. (** <italic>p</italic> < 0.01, and *** <italic>p</italic> < 0.001) Copyright 2020, Ivyspring International Publisher.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>(<bold>A</bold>) TEM image of PEGylated Rh NPs; (<bold>B</bold>,<bold>C</bold>) the absorbance spectra for NPs and O<sub>2</sub> generation by NPs in the presence of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, respectively. (<bold>D</bold>) First image row shows the ROS staining of HUVECs cells with DCFH-DA, and second row, shows Calcein and PI staining showing dead and alive HUVECs cells with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> exposure and NPs treatment for cryoprotection and anti-inflammatory effect. (<bold>E</bold>) The hemolysis test at different NPs concentrations. (<bold>F</bold>) Photographs of colons extracted from various groups and histological images for H&E, IL-4, TNF-a, and CD45 staining for the same groups show anti-inflammatory treatment of colitis with NPs treatment. (<bold>G</bold>) Photoacoustic image of the tumor (no NPs), tumor with NPs, and tumor with NPs + H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. (<bold>H</bold>) IR thermal image of CT-26 tumor with temperature gradient with NPs and laser exposure. (<bold>I</bold>,<bold>J</bold>) Photographs of CT-26 tumor with treatment and actual image of mice with tumor at day 16. Images reused with permission from reference [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B87-jnt-04-00008">87</xref>]. Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>(<bold>A</bold>) Schematics showing the synthesis of OsTeNS by the solvothermal galvanic method, (<bold>B</bold>) the colloidal suspension color for TeNS and OsTeNS, and (<bold>C</bold>) the TEM image of OsTeNS. (<bold>D</bold>) A schematic representation of nanozymatic and photodynamic mechanism by Os-Te NS. (<bold>E</bold>,<bold>F</bold>) wavelength-dependent variability in temperature and heating/cooling cycle for OsTeNS when exposed to 808 nm laser, respectively. (<bold>G</bold>) Thermal imaging of RIL-175 tumor in mice injected with PBS and OsTeNS. (<bold>H</bold>,<bold>I</bold>) The change in relative tumor volume and Kaplan–Meier survival curve for tumor mice with NCTDI pentamodal therapy. Images reproduced with permission from reference [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B90-jnt-04-00008">90</xref>]. Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>The synthesis schematics and TEM image of ultrasmall Ru nanodots are shown as (<bold>A</bold>,<bold>B</bold>), respectively. (<bold>C</bold>,<bold>D</bold>) The power and concentration-dependent increase in temperature in the presence of nanodots. (<bold>E</bold>) The nanodots were non-toxic to 4T1, CT26, and HUVECs cells up to 100 ug/mL (<bold>F</bold>) but caused cytotoxicity with nanodot-treated cells (4T1) were exposed with an 808 nm laser. (<bold>G</bold>) IR thermal imaging of the 4T1 tumor mice model with temperature gradient profile during the first 5 min and (<bold>H</bold>) the measured temperature for 4T1 tumor-bearing mice with PBS or Ru-Phen nanodots up to 5 h. The relative change in tumor volume has been represented in image (<bold>I</bold>) and the optical photographs of tumor-bearing mice undergoing PTT treatment (<bold>J</bold>). The biodistribution profile of Ru-Phen nanodots quantified using ICP-MS is shown in the image (<bold>K</bold>) at different time points. Image reused with permission from reference [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B109-jnt-04-00008">109</xref>]. Copyright 2019, Ivyspring International Publisher.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Gold (Au) Nanostructures
3. Silver (Ag) Nanostructures
4. Platinum (Pt) Nanostructures
5. Palladium (Pd) Nanostructures
6. Iridium (Ir) Nanostructures
7. Rhodium (Rh), Osmium (Os), and Ruthenium (Ru) Nanostructures
8. Conclusions and Future Prospects
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Kumar, D.; Mutreja, I.; Kaushik, A. Recent Advances in Noble Metal Nanoparticles for Cancer Nanotheranostics. J. Nanotheranostics 2023, 4, 150-170. https://doi.org/10.3390/jnt4020008
Kumar D, Mutreja I, Kaushik A. Recent Advances in Noble Metal Nanoparticles for Cancer Nanotheranostics. Journal of Nanotheranostics. 2023; 4(2):150-170. https://doi.org/10.3390/jnt4020008
Chicago/Turabian StyleKumar, Dhiraj, Isha Mutreja, and Ajeet Kaushik. 2023. "Recent Advances in Noble Metal Nanoparticles for Cancer Nanotheranostics" Journal of Nanotheranostics 4, no. 2: 150-170. https://doi.org/10.3390/jnt4020008