The Regulation of CIN-like TCP Transcription Factors
<p>The phylogeny of TCP transcription factors, including all the TCP proteins in <span class="html-italic">Arabidopsis thaliana</span> and the CIN-like TCPs of other species mentioned in this review. Multiple alignments of the full-length TCP proteins were conducted using MAFFT Version 7 [<a href="#B15-ijms-21-04498" class="html-bibr">15</a>] with L-INS-i iterative refinement methods. The phylogenetic tree was constructed with the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method using the IQ-tree2 software [<a href="#B16-ijms-21-04498" class="html-bibr">16</a>] with the VT+F+R4 model with 1000 bootstrap replications. The subfamilies and subclasses (Class I, Class II, CIN-like TCP and CYC-like TCPs) are indicated above the divergent branches. The proteins in red words are the CIN-like TCPs which are mainly discussed in this review. The prefixes of TCP proteins are indicated the species. At: <span class="html-italic">Arabidopsis thaliana</span>; Brr: <span class="html-italic">Brassica rapa</span>; Gh: <span class="html-italic">Gossypium hirsutum</span>; Ls: <span class="html-italic">Lactuca sativa</span>; Cp: <span class="html-italic">Cyclamen persicum</span>; Sly: <span class="html-italic">Solanum lycopersium</span>; Am: <span class="html-italic">Antirrhinum majus</span>; Mp: <span class="html-italic">Marchantia polymorpha</span>; Ppa: <span class="html-italic">Physcomitrella patens</span>. The bootstrap support is indicated above the branches. The scale bar denotes the branch length.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>An overview of the regulation mechanisms of CIN-like TCP transcription factors by light and temperature during cotyledon opening and hypocotyl elongation processes. The external stimuli including light and high temperature are summarized at the left column. The schematic diagram includes the regulation mechanisms of CIN-like TCPs at the transcriptional and the protein levels. The arrows directly pointing on the double helix symbols indicate transcriptional regulations. The arrows pointing to the proteins indicate the regulations of protein stabilities. The proteins related with the “26S” symbols indicate protein degradation through the ubiquitin-26S proteasome pathway. The blue arrows represent the positive regulation, and the red arrows with dash-headed ends indicate the negative regulation. The green arrows and red dash-headed ends at the double-helix icons indicates the activation and repression of gene expression, respectively. All the unknown factors are indicated with question marks. R:FR, red light: far red light ratio; PIFs, PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTION FACTORs; SAURs, SMALL AUXIN UPREGULATED RNAs; YUCs, YUCCAs.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>An overview of the regulation mechanisms of CIN-like TCP transcription factors during leaf development. The external stimuli and internal factors are summarized at the left column. The schematic diagram includes the regulation mechanisms of CIN-like TCPs at the transcriptional level, at the post-transcriptional level, and at the protein level. The arrows directly pointing on the double helix symbols indicate transcriptional regulations. The arrows pointing to the proteins indicate the regulations of protein stabilities or antagonistic functions. The proteins related with the “26S” symbols indicate protein degradation through the ubiquitin-26S proteasome pathway. The blue arrows represent the positive regulation, and the red arrows with dash-headed ends indicate the negative regulation. The green arrows and red dash-headed ends at the double-helix icons indicates the activation and repression of gene expression, respectively. All the unknown factors are indicated with question marks. R:FR, red light: far red light ratio; YUCs, YUCCAs; LOX2, LIPOXYGENASE 2; SAP11, SECRETED AY-WB PROTEIN 11; ARR16, ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 16; IAA3, INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID INDUCIBLE 3; BRM, BRAHMA; TIE1, TCP INTERACTOR CONTAINING EAR MOTIF PROTEIN 1; TEAR1, TIE1-ASSOCIATED RING-TYPE E3 LIGASE 1.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Functions of CIN-Like TCP Transcription Factors in Different Species
3. Light Regulates CIN-Like TCP Transcription Factors
4. High Temperature Regulates CIN-Like TCP Transcription Factors
5. Phytoplasmas Regulate CIN-Like TCP Transcription Factors
6. miRNAs Regulate CIN-Like TCP Transcription Factors
7. Chromatin Remodeling Complexes Regulate the Activity of CIN-Like TCPs
8. Concluding Remarks and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lan, J.; Qin, G. The Regulation of CIN-like TCP Transcription Factors. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 4498. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124498
Lan J, Qin G. The Regulation of CIN-like TCP Transcription Factors. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(12):4498. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124498
Chicago/Turabian StyleLan, Jingqiu, and Genji Qin. 2020. "The Regulation of CIN-like TCP Transcription Factors" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 12: 4498. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124498