High-Frequency Magnetic Pulse Generator for Low-Intensity Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
<p>Basic principles of the TMS system.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Stimulation protocols. (<b>a</b>) Traditional theta burst stimulation. (<b>b</b>) Proposed high-frequency stimulation.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Simulation of the electric field intensity in human gray matter. (<b>a</b>) Simulation structure. (<b>b</b>) Normalized <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math> as a function of frequency. (<b>c</b>) Penetration depth of the electric field as a function of frequency.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Block diagram of the proposed HF magnetic pulse generator.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Schematic of the full-bridge circuit with boot-strapped gate driver.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Simulated waveforms for the control signal (<math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>C</mi> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math>–<math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>C</mi> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math>), the coil current (<math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>I</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math>), and the voltage across the coil (<math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mo>Δ</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math>). (<b>a</b>) Triangular current wave. (<b>b</b>) Trapezoidal current wave.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Simulated waveforms in the full-bridge circuit with (solid) and without (dot) bypass capacitor and damping resistor for <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>D</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math> = 10 V and <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>D</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math> = 5.5 V. (<b>a</b>) <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>D</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>F</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math>, (<b>c</b>) <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>G</mi> <mi>S</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>U</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math>, and (<b>e</b>) <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>I</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>l</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math> at 100 kHz. (<b>b</b>) <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>D</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>F</mi> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math>, (<b>d</b>) <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>G</mi> <mi>S</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>U</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math>, and (<b>f</b>) <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>I</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>l</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math> at 1 MHz.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>(<b>a</b>) Fabricated HF magnetic pulse generator. (<b>b</b>) Fabricated stimulation coil.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>Measurement setup for the induced electric field intensity.</p> "> Figure 10
<p>Measured waveforms for the inductor load with DC bias voltages, <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>D</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math> = 10 V and <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>D</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math> = 5.5 V. (<b>a</b>) <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>I</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>l</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math> and (<b>c</b>) <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math> at 100 kHz. (<b>b</b>) <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>I</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>l</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math> and (<b>d</b>) <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math> at 1 MHz.</p> "> Figure 11
<p>Measured waveforms for the quasi-resonant LC load at the frequency of 1 MHz with DC bias voltages, <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>D</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>F</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> </semantics></math> 1.8 V and <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mi>D</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mi>D</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> </mrow> </semantics></math> 5.5 V. (<b>a</b>) <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>I</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>L</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>L</mi> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math> and (<b>b</b>) <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </semantics></math>.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Design of HF Magnetic Pulse Stimulator
2.1. Theory of HF Magnetic Stimulation
2.2. Design of HF Magnetic Pulse Generator
2.3. Simulation of HF Magnetic Pulse Generator
3. Fabrication and Experimental Results
4. Quasi-Resonant LC Load
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Load | Frequency (MHz) | (V) | * (App) | * (Vpp/m) | (W) | (W) | (W) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L | 0.1 | 10 | 9.6 | 6.5 | 2.24 | 0.08 | 2.32 |
L | 1 | 10 | 1.09 | 6.8 | 1.71 | 0.74 | 2.45 |
LC | 1 | 1.8 | 2.09 | 19.1 | 0.44 | 0.67 | 1.11 |
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Shin, S.; Kim, H.; Jeong, J. High-Frequency Magnetic Pulse Generator for Low-Intensity Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Electronics 2024, 13, 3160. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13163160
Shin S, Kim H, Jeong J. High-Frequency Magnetic Pulse Generator for Low-Intensity Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Electronics. 2024; 13(16):3160. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13163160
Chicago/Turabian StyleShin, Seungjae, Hyungeun Kim, and Jinho Jeong. 2024. "High-Frequency Magnetic Pulse Generator for Low-Intensity Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation" Electronics 13, no. 16: 3160. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13163160