Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling of STATs. A Target for Intervention?
Abstract
:1. Aim and Scope
2. General Mechanisms of Nucleocytoplasmic Transport of Proteins
2.1. The Nuclear Pore Complex
2.2. Importins
2.3. Exportins
2.4. Ran-GTP/GDP Cycle
3. STAT1—Using a Side Track for Nuclear Import
4. STAT3—Acting on Many Stages
4.1. Role of STAT3 in Cancer
4.2. Nuclear Import
4.3. Nuclear Export and Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling
5. STAT5—Leukemia and More
6. Perspectives for Therapeutic Interventions
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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STAT1 | STAT3 | STAT5A | STAT5B | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Importin | α5 [60,68], α7 [69] | α1 [70], α3 [70,71,72], α5 [69,70,72], α6 [71], α7 [69,72] | α3 [73] | n.d. 1 |
Putative 2 NLS | L407-K413 [64,68] NTD involved [63,74] | D150-K163 [71] R214/R215 [69] NTD involved [75] | L142-E149 [76] intact CCD required [73] | n.d. |
Exportin | Crm1 [66] | Crm1 [75] | Crm1 (not exclusively) [73] | Crm1 (not exclusively) [77] |
Putative 2 NES | W302-Q314 [78] M392-K413 [66] | E306-K318 L404-R414 Q524-P535 [79] | L119/L133 M403-Q474 [73] | n.d. |
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Ernst, S.; Müller-Newen, G. Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling of STATs. A Target for Intervention? Cancers 2019, 11, 1815. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11111815
Ernst S, Müller-Newen G. Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling of STATs. A Target for Intervention? Cancers. 2019; 11(11):1815. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11111815
Chicago/Turabian StyleErnst, Sabrina, and Gerhard Müller-Newen. 2019. "Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling of STATs. A Target for Intervention?" Cancers 11, no. 11: 1815. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11111815