Imaging Collagen Alterations in STICs and High Grade Ovarian Cancers in the Fallopian Tubes by Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy
<p>Corresponding Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) forward- and backward-collected images of a high-grade cancer in the fallopian tube, showing different image features.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Histology and p53 stained slides were used to select regions of interest for SHG imaging. p53 stains for TP53 mutations, which are indicative of serous tubal intra-epithelial carcinomas (STIC) areas. The top row shows the H&E stain, p53 stain and SHG from the same STIC region. The bottom row shows examples of SHG images of distal, STIC, and high-grade disease in the FT used in the image analysis. Scale bar = 50 microns.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Bar plots of the mean value for each group in all five (forward and backward) of the textures calculated in the GLCM analysis. (*) and (**) correspond to <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.05 and <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.001, respectively.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Workflow of the fast fourier transform (FFT) analysis. (<b>A</b>) starting image, (<b>B</b>) FFT of (<b>A</b>) produced in ImageJ. Two different approaches are then utilized to analyze the log-scale FFT. (<b>C</b>) Radial sums of the FFT produce the resulting intensity plot (<b>D</b>). (<b>E</b>) Circular sums of the FFT produce a curve (<b>F</b>) which is then fit with a single exponential decay. Field size = 150 × 150 µm.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Bar plots of the mean value for each group in all four of the outputs calculated in the 2D-FFT analysis. (*) and (**) correspond to <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.05 and <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.001, respectively.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Bar plots of the mean value for each group in all three of the outputs calculated in the CT-FIRE analysis. (*) and (**) correspond to <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.05 and <span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.001, respectively.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>The canonical variables resulting from the CANDISC procedure using 24 (<b>a</b>) and 12 (<b>b</b>)variables. The results of the DISCRIM procedure are given in the accompanying table. Solid and dashed circles are 95% and 80% confidences, respectively. The full set of 24 metrics performed better than the reduced set of 12.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves for classification accuracy, where (<b>a</b>) and (<b>b</b>) are one vs. the rest and cohort accuracy, respectively.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>A. The CANDISC and DISCRIM results from each image analysis separately, where (<b>a</b>) is GLCM, (<b>b</b>) 2D-FFT, and (<b>c</b>) CT-FIRE results.</p> "> Figure 10
<p>Comparison of single second harmonic generation (SHG) optical sections collected in the forward direction for HGSOC in the ovary (<b>left</b>) and fallopian tube (<b>right</b>). A similar high-frequency fiber characteristic is seen in both tissues. The SHG in the ovarian image is brighter due to denser collagen.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. SHG Sampling
2.2. Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix Analysis
- (i)
- Angular Second Moment (ASM) and Energy measures the number of repeated pairs. The energy (square root of ASM) will be high if the occurrence of repeated pixel pairs is high.
- (ii)
- Inverse Difference Moment (IDM) is related to the smoothness or homogeneity across the image and will be high if the gray levels of the pixel pairs are similar.
- (iii)
- Contrast is a measure of the local contrast of an image and will be low if the gray levels of each pixel pair are similar.
- (iv)
- Entropy measures the randomness of a gray level distribution and will be high if the gray levels are distributed randomly throughout the image.
- (v)
- Correlation measures the linear dependency of gray levels on those of neighboring pixels.
2.3. Two-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform Analysis
2.4. CT-FIRE Analysis
2.5. Classification by Linear Discriminate Analysis
3. Discussion
4. Methods
4.1. Fallopian Tube Tissues
4.2. SHG Microscopy
4.3. Image Analysis
4.4. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rentchler, E.C.; Gant, K.L.; Drapkin, R.; Patankar, M.; J. Campagnola, P. Imaging Collagen Alterations in STICs and High Grade Ovarian Cancers in the Fallopian Tubes by Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy. Cancers 2019, 11, 1805. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11111805
Rentchler EC, Gant KL, Drapkin R, Patankar M, J. Campagnola P. Imaging Collagen Alterations in STICs and High Grade Ovarian Cancers in the Fallopian Tubes by Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy. Cancers. 2019; 11(11):1805. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11111805
Chicago/Turabian StyleRentchler, Eric C., Kristal L. Gant, Ronny Drapkin, Manish Patankar, and Paul J. Campagnola. 2019. "Imaging Collagen Alterations in STICs and High Grade Ovarian Cancers in the Fallopian Tubes by Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy" Cancers 11, no. 11: 1805. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11111805