Drought in the Western United States: Its Connections with Large-Scale Oceanic Oscillations
<p>Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis of winter consecutive dry days (CDD): (<b>a</b>) Spatial pattern of the winter CDD (1948–2009); (<b>b</b>) correlation coefficient between principle component (PC) and annual sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies; (<b>c</b>) the corresponding principal components of winter CDD. Contoured lines indicate regions with significant correlations at 0.05 level. The Western Pacific is not shown as there is no significant SST anomaly in this region.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>EOF analysis of summer CDD: (<b>a</b>) Spatial pattern of the summer CDD (1948–2009); (<b>b</b>) Correlation coefficient between PC and annual SST anomalies; (<b>c</b>) the corresponding principal components of summer CDD. Contoured lines indicate regions with significant correlations at 0.05 level. Western Pacific is not shown as there is no significant SST anomaly in this region.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Winter CDD anomalies (standardized) for (<b>a</b>) Eastern Pacific warming (EPW), (<b>b</b>) Central Pacific warming (CPW), (<b>c</b>) Eastern Pacific cooling (EPC), and (<b>d</b>) normal years. Contoured lines indicate regions with significant correlations at 0.1 level.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Winter CDD anomalies (standardized) for different AMO/PDO combinations. Contoured lines indicate regions with significant correlations at 0.1 level.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Summer CDD anomalies (standardized) for different PDO phases. Contoured lines indicate regions with significant correlations at 0.1 level.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Data and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. The Spatiotemporal Pattern of Droughts Based on EOF Analysis
3.2. The Relation between Large-Scale Ocean Oscillations and Seasonal Droughts
3.3. Future Drought Scenarios Based on the Prediction of Ocean Oscillations
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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ENSO Event | Years |
---|---|
EPW | 1951, 1957, 1963, 1965, 1972, 1976, 1982, 1987, 1997 |
CPW | 1969, 1991, 1994, 2002, 2004, 2009 |
EPC | 1949, 1955, 1964, 1970, 1971, 1973, 1975, 1985, 1988, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2007 |
PDO−AMO Combinations | Years |
AMO+ PDO− | 1948–1963; 1999–2009 |
AMO− PDO− | 1964–1976 |
AMO− PDO+ | 1977–1994 |
AMO+ PDO+ | 1995–1998 |
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Jiang, P.; Yu, Z.; Acharya, K. Drought in the Western United States: Its Connections with Large-Scale Oceanic Oscillations. Atmosphere 2019, 10, 82. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10020082
Jiang P, Yu Z, Acharya K. Drought in the Western United States: Its Connections with Large-Scale Oceanic Oscillations. Atmosphere. 2019; 10(2):82. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10020082
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiang, Peng, Zhongbo Yu, and Kumud Acharya. 2019. "Drought in the Western United States: Its Connections with Large-Scale Oceanic Oscillations" Atmosphere 10, no. 2: 82. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10020082