Reactive Black 5 Degradation on Manganese Oxides Supported on Sodium Hydroxide Modified Graphene Oxide
<p>XRD patterns of: (<b>a</b>) graphene oxide (GO), modified graphene oxide (NGO), manganese oxide (Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) and NGO–Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite; (<b>b</b>) GO, modified graphene oxide (NGO), manganese oxide (MnO<sub>2</sub>) and NGO–MnO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>N<sub>2</sub> adsorption isotherms and pore diameter distribution (inset) for NGO–Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and NGO–MnO<sub>2</sub> modified composites.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>(<b>a</b>) Effect of initial pH on RB5 adsorption/degradation onto NGO, MnO<sub>2</sub>, Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, NGO–Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and NGO–MnO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites (Co = 100 mg/L, m = 0.01 g, V = 0.02 L); (<b>b</b>) potentiometric titration results for the nanocomposite catalysts.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Effect of initial concentration of RB5 (pH = 3, m = 0.01 g, V = 0.02 L).</p> "> Figure 5
<p>(<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>) Effect of contact time on the degradation of RB5 on NGO, MnO<sub>2</sub>, Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, NGO–Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and NGO–MnO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites for initial RB5 concentration of 100 mg/L (<b>a</b>) in presence and (<b>b</b>) absence of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (Co = 100 mg/L, pH = 3, m = 0.01 g, V = 0.02 L). (inset: decolorization after 60 min for Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> in the first row and NGO–MnO<sub>2</sub> in the second row).</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Effect of contact time on the degradation of RB5 on NGO–Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and NGO–MnO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites for initial RB5 concentration of 40 mg/L and 100 mg/L in presence (radical) and absence (non-radical) of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (pH = 3, m = 0.01 g, V = 0.02 L).</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Effect of (<b>a</b>) H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentration and (<b>b</b>) methanol/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> ratio on RB5 degradation by NGO–Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and NGO–MnO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites (Co = 100 mg/L, pH = 3, m = 0.01 g, V = 0.02 L).</p> "> Figure 8
<p>Elution experiments by (<b>a</b>) deionized water (<b>b</b>) ethanol, methanol and acetonitrile of the loaded the NGO–MnO<sub>2</sub> and NGO–Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocomposites (Co = 100 mg/L, m = 0.01 g, V = 0.02 L).</p> "> Figure 9
<p>Recovery efficiency of the NGO—MnO<sub>2</sub> and NGO—Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> after 5 cycles of adsorption—desorption (Co = 100 mg/L, pH = 3, m = 0.01 g, V = 0.02 L).</p> "> Figure 10
<p>FTIR patterns of raw (black line) and after the RB5 degradation (red line) of NGO (<b>a</b>); NGO–Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (<b>b</b>) and NGO–MnO<sub>2</sub> (<b>c</b>) in presence of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>.</p> "> Figure 11
<p>DTG curves for (<b>a</b>) NGO–Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and (<b>b</b>) NGO–MnO<sub>2</sub> modified composites in absence and presence of RB5.</p> "> Figure 12
<p>UV-Vis curves for RB5 on NGO–Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> in 3 different RB5 concentrations (pH = 3, m = 0.01 g, V = 0.02 L).</p> "> Figure 13
<p>UV-Vis curves for RB5 (<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>) after degradation on NGO, MnO<sub>2</sub>, Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, NGO–Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and NGO–MnO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites for Co = 50 mg/L (pH = 3, m = 0.01 g, V = 0.02 L).</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials and Reagents
2.2. Preparation of Graphite Oxide (GO)
2.3. Preparation of Modified Graphene Oxide
2.4. Preparation of MnO2 and Mn3O4
2.5. Synthesis of NGO–Mn3O4, and NGO–MnO2 Nanocomposites
2.6. Materials Characterization
2.7. Degradation Experiments
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Materials Characterization
3.2. Degradation of Reactive Black 5
3.2.1. Effect of pH
3.2.2. Effect of Initial Concentration of RB5
3.2.3. Effect of Contact Time
Mechanism of RB5 Degradation
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Samples | SBET (m2/g) | Vt (cm3/g) | Vmeso (cm3/g) | Vmic (cm3/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|
NGO | 9.10 | 0.080 | 0.080 | 0 |
Mn3O4 | 2.38 | 0.014 | 0.014 | 0 |
MnO2 | 38.50 | 0.336 | 0.336 | 0 |
NGO–Mn3O4 | 7.52 | 0.056 | 0.056 | 0 |
NGO–MnO2 | 118.12 | 0.231 | 0.231 | 0 |
Samples | Co | Pseudo-First Order | Pseudo-Second Order | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
K1 | R2 | K2 | R2 | ||
NGO | 100 | 1.92 × 10−2 | 0 | 3.60 × 10−4 | 0.393 |
100 + H2O2 | 1.85 × 10−1 | 0.857 | 3.63 × 10−3 | 0.961 | |
MnO2 | 100 | 1.91 × 10−2 | 0.371 | 2.10 × 10−4 | 0.691 |
100 + H2O2 | 3.73 × 10−1 | 0.998 | 3.09 × 10−2 | 0.999 | |
Mn3O4 | 100 | 4.30 × 10−3 | 0.504 | 5.00 × 10−5 | 0.66 |
100 + H2O2 | 8.97 × 10−2 | 0.972 | 2.10 × 10−3 | 0.924 | |
NGO–MnO2 | 100 | 7.60 × 10−2 | 0.982 | 1.60 × 10−3 | 0.999 |
100+ H2O2 | 2.80 × 10−1 | 0.999 | 2.08 × 10−2 | 0.999 | |
40 | 4.78 × 10−1 | 0.939 | 2.58 × 10−2 | 0.991 | |
40 + H2O2 | 1.47 × 10−1 | 0.984 | 0.61 × 10−2 | 0.983 | |
NGO–Mn3O4 | 100 | 1.79 × 10−2 | 0.977 | 2.70 × 10−4 | 0.999 |
100 + H2O2 | 3.20 × 10−1 | 0.998 | 2.66 × 10−2 | 0.999 | |
40 | 1.14 × 10−1 | 0.950 | 0.52 × 10−2 | 0.993 | |
40 + H2O2 | 0.67 × 10−1 | 0.590 | 0.29 × 10−2 | 0.898 |
Mn % Leaching in the Solution | ||
---|---|---|
+ H2O2 | ||
Mn3O4 | 8.5 | 6.6 |
NGO–Mn3O4 | 1.6 | 3.3 |
MnO2 | 8.4 | 9.5 |
NGO–MnO2 | 1.0 | 4.8 |
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Saroyan, H.; Ntagiou, D.; Rekos, K.; Deliyanni, E. Reactive Black 5 Degradation on Manganese Oxides Supported on Sodium Hydroxide Modified Graphene Oxide. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 2167. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9102167
Saroyan H, Ntagiou D, Rekos K, Deliyanni E. Reactive Black 5 Degradation on Manganese Oxides Supported on Sodium Hydroxide Modified Graphene Oxide. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9(10):2167. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9102167
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaroyan, Hayarpi, Dimitra Ntagiou, Kyriazis Rekos, and Eleni Deliyanni. 2019. "Reactive Black 5 Degradation on Manganese Oxides Supported on Sodium Hydroxide Modified Graphene Oxide" Applied Sciences 9, no. 10: 2167. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9102167