Shallow S-Wave Velocity Structure in the Middle-Chelif Basin, Algeria, Using Ambient Vibration Single-Station and Array Measurements
<p>Situation of the Middle-Chelif Basin. LCB: Lower-Chelif Basin. MCB: Middle-Chelif Basin. UCB: Upper-Chelif Basin. OF: Oued-Fodda. AB: El-Abadia. AT: El-Attaf. AM: El-Amra. RO: Rouina. AD: Ain-Defla.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Geological map of the Middle-Chelif Basin. Modified and compiled from [<a href="#B33-applsci-11-11058" class="html-bibr">33</a>,<a href="#B36-applsci-11-11058" class="html-bibr">36</a>]. The lithological cross-section, AA′, is digitalized from [<a href="#B35-applsci-11-11058" class="html-bibr">35</a>]; BB′, CC′, and DD′ are from [<a href="#B32-applsci-11-11058" class="html-bibr">32</a>].</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Zonation map of the study area. Red dots correspond to single-station measurements. Red polygons correspond to the limits of the different cities.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Compiled data in Zone 1.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Compiled data in Zone 2.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Compiled data in Zone 3.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Some examples of the calculated HVSR curves at each zone.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>Theoretical wavenumbers obtained at each array recording site.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>(<b>A</b>) Fundamental frequencies obtained from the HVSR analysis. (<b>B</b>) Amplitudes of the HVSR fundamental frequency peaks. Red circles represent the cities. The blue line represents the surface trace of the El-Asnam fault. OF: Oued-Fodda. AB: El-Abadia. AT: El-Attaf. RO: Rouina. AM: El-Amra. AD: Ain-Defla.</p> "> Figure 10
<p>Surface wave dispersion curves.</p> "> Figure 11
<p>Resistivity profiles. The shear-wave velocity models correspond to the HVSR points, P77 and P78. The top left panel represents the resistivity scale for the Middle-Chelif Basin [<a href="#B7-applsci-11-11058" class="html-bibr">7</a>]. The bottom left panel represents the lithological units identified in the resistivity profiles.</p> "> Figure 12
<p>Examples of the inversion results. For each site, the left panels for each site represent the Vs models. The black line corresponds to the best fit model, the dark grey represents models with minimum misfit + 10%. All the tested models are in light grey. In the right panels, we show the computed fundamental mode of the Rayleigh wave ellipticity curve (dark grey curve), and the inverted part of the HVSR curve (black dotted curve). For sites AR1 and AR3, the bottom of the right panel represents the surface wave dispersion curve.</p> "> Figure 13
<p>2D Shear-wave velocity profiles for Zone 1. Qt: Quaternary. Pl: Pliocene. Mi: Miocene. Cr: Cretaceous.</p> "> Figure 14
<p>Shear-wave velocity profiles for Zone 2. Qt: Quaternary. Pl: Pliocene. Mi: Miocene. Cr: Cretaceous. Ju: Jurassic.</p> "> Figure 15
<p>Shear-wave velocity profiles for Zone 3. Qt: Quaternary. Pl: Pliocene. Mi: Miocene. Cr: Cretaceous. Ju: Jurassic.</p> "> Figure 16
<p>Bedrock depths of the Middle-Chelif Basin. Red circles represent the cities. OF: Oued-Fodda. AB: El-Abadia. AT: El-Attaf. RO: Rouina. AM: El-Amra. AD: Ain-Defla.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geological Framework
3. Methodology
3.1. The Horizontal-to-Vertical Ratio Technique
3.2. Inversion of the HVSR Curves
3.3. The Frequency–Wavenumber (F–K) Analysis
3.4. Electrical Resistivity Surveying
4. Geotechnical Information
5. Data Acquisition and Processing
5.1. Data Acquisition
- Zone 1. The Oued-Fodda plain.
- Zone 2. The Carnot Plain.
- Zone 3. Rouina-Ain-Defla Region.
5.2. Data Processing
5.2.1. HVSR Technique
5.2.2. F–K Analysis
5.2.3. Inversion of HVSR and Dispersion Curves
6. Results and Discussions
6.1. Fundamental Frequencies and the Corresponding Amplitudes
6.2. F–K Analysis: Surface Wave Dispersion Curves
6.3. Electrical Resistivity Tomography
6.4. Shear-Wave 2D Velocity Profiles
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Per/Epoch. | Age | Rock | Thickness (m) | Vp (m/s) | Vs (m/s) | σ (KN/m3) | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Hl | Alluviums | 2–20 | 350–600 | 200–350 | 16–18 | [6,7,17,18,22] |
Ps | Clays & Conglomerates | 10–100 | 600–1700 | 400–700 | 18–22 | [6,7,17] | |
Pliocene | As | Sands & Conglomerates | 10–80 | 550–2000 | 350–750 | 17–22 | [7,17] |
Pl | Sands & Conglomerates | 30–80 | 750–2400 | 500–900 | 19–23 | [7,17] | |
Miocene | Ms | Marls | 30–80 | 1100–2900 | 700–1200 | 20–24 | [7,17] |
Tr | Limestones & Sandstones | 40–150 | 1300–3200 | 900–1300 | 23–25 | [7,17] | |
Sr-Tr | Clays & Marls | 100–450 | 1200–3400 | 800–1400 | 21–25 | [7,17,35] | |
Sr | Poudingues | 10–60 | 1900–3600 | 1300–1500 | 22–25 | [35] | |
Cretaceous | Sn | Marls, clays & Quartzites | - | 2600–4600 | 1800–2500 | 24–27 | [22] |
Jurassique | - | Limestones | - | 3000–5000 | 2000–2800 | 25–27 | [53] |
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Issaadi, A.; Semmane, F.; Yelles-Chaouche, A.; Galiana-Merino, J.J.; Mazari, A. Shallow S-Wave Velocity Structure in the Middle-Chelif Basin, Algeria, Using Ambient Vibration Single-Station and Array Measurements. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 11058. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112211058
Issaadi A, Semmane F, Yelles-Chaouche A, Galiana-Merino JJ, Mazari A. Shallow S-Wave Velocity Structure in the Middle-Chelif Basin, Algeria, Using Ambient Vibration Single-Station and Array Measurements. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(22):11058. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112211058
Chicago/Turabian StyleIssaadi, Abdelouahab, Fethi Semmane, Abdelkrim Yelles-Chaouche, Juan José Galiana-Merino, and Anis Mazari. 2021. "Shallow S-Wave Velocity Structure in the Middle-Chelif Basin, Algeria, Using Ambient Vibration Single-Station and Array Measurements" Applied Sciences 11, no. 22: 11058. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112211058