Relationships between housing and management factors and clinical health events in elephants in North American zoos
Table 9
Multivariate assessment of the occurrence of gastrointestinal events by binomial regression, counting each animal as having experienced (n = 89) or not (n = 123) this type of pathology.
Hypotheses (H): positive (+) or negative (-) relationship of each variable with the occurrence of clinical events per animal as a measure of elephant welfare, and whether observed relationships were in the predicted direction (Y yes / N no).