Abstract
Synovial membrane inflammation plays an important role in osteoarthritis (OA) pathophysiology. The synovial tissue of patients with initial OA is characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other mediators of joint injury. The study aims to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) at doses of 2 and 4 J on joint inflammation in rats induced by papain through histopathological analysis, differential counts of inflammatory cells; gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10; and TNF-α protein expression. Male Wistar rats (20) were randomly divided (5 animals each) into a negative control group, an inflammation injury positive control group, a 2-J LLLT group subjected to injury and treated with 2 J of LLLT, and a 4-J LLLT group subjected to injury and treated with 4 J of LLLT. The animals were subjected to joint inflammation (4 % papain solution) and treated with LLLT. On the day of euthanasia, articular lavage was collected and centrifuged. The supernatant was analyzed for TNF-α protein expression by ELISA and IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 mRNA by RT-PCR. The joint tissue was also examined histologically. ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test was used for comparisons. All data were expressed as means ± S.D. (p < 0.05). Both laser modalities were efficient in reducing cellular inflammation and decreasing the expression of IL-1β and IL-6. However, the 2-J treatment led to more reduction in TNF-α than the 4-J treatment. A single application of LLLT with 2 J was more efficient in modulating inflammatory mediators and inflammatory cells.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank FAPESP for the master degree scholarship that was granted to Ana Carolina Araruna Alves (FAPESP process number 2011/04834-8) and to CNPq for the Institutional Program of Scientific Initiation Scholarships (PIBIC) granted to Solange Almeida dos Santos (CNPQ process number 139733/2011-6). Professor Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior would like to thank FAPESP for the financial support (process number 2010/52404-0).
Conflict of interest
Professor Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior receives research support from Multi Radiance Medical (Solon, OH, USA), a laser device manufacturer. Multi Radiance Medical had no role in the planning of this study, and the laser device used was not theirs. They had no influence on study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The remaining authors do not have any conflict of interest.
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dos Santos, S.A., Alves, A.C.A., Leal-Junior, E.C.P. et al. Comparative analysis of two low-level laser doses on the expression of inflammatory mediators and on neutrophils and macrophages in acute joint inflammation. Lasers Med Sci 29, 1051–1058 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-013-1467-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-013-1467-2