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In the present study 14 different strains of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from disease infected freshwater fishes were identified at the molecular level through the sequenced based on 16S rRNA gene and accordingly phylogenetic analysis... more
In the present study 14 different strains of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from disease infected freshwater fishes were identified at the molecular level through the sequenced based on 16S rRNA gene and accordingly phylogenetic analysis was carried out. Further all the strains were tested for susceptibility to various antibiotics and screened for the presence of plasmids. All the strains are found to be multi-drug resistance. In the plasmid profiling study only 10 strains harbored plasmid with size ranging from 2.5 to 11.4 kb. These results revealed the 16S rRNA gene as the rapid tool for detection of microorganisms and are helpful for effective disease diagnosis and its treatment. It also provides a base line profile of drug resistance and presence of plasmid among the strains of A. hydrophila isolated from freshwater fishes.
Fingerlings of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) (25±2 g) were fed on Euglena viridis supplemented diets @ 0 (Control), 0.1 g kg-1, 0.5 g kg-1 and 1.0 g kg-1 for 90 days. At 30 days intervals, blood serum samples were assayed for glucose... more
Fingerlings of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) (25±2 g) were fed on Euglena viridis supplemented diets @ 0 (Control), 0.1 g kg-1, 0.5 g kg-1 and 1.0 g kg-1 for 90 days. At 30 days intervals, blood serum samples were assayed for glucose level and enzymatic parameters viz., serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Fish were challenged with a virulent strain of Aeromonas hydrophila after 90 days feeding period. Insignificant (p>0.05) differences in serum AST levels were noticed on the 30th and 60th day of feeding between the different dietary groups of fish. Serum enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP) significantly (p<0.05) declined in fish fed on E. viridis incorporated diets. On the 10th day post-challenge with A. hydrophila, the highest percentage of survival (75%) was recorded in the dietary group fed with 0.5 g kg-1 E. viridis. The best feed conversion ratio (FCR) and highest specific growth rate (SGR) ...
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India has crossed the fisheries production of 10 million tonnes in 2015 and presently on its way to achieve the second blue revolution. Among all the major factors impeding sustainability of fisheries, factor of climate change is the... more
India has crossed the fisheries production of 10 million tonnes in 2015 and presently on its way to achieve the second blue revolution. Among all the major factors impeding sustainability of fisheries, factor of climate change is the recent addition. Climate change trends along major river basins of India have revealed a warming trend (0.2–0.5 °C), declining rainfall (257–580 mm) and shifting seasonality of rainfall occurrence. Rising sea levels (1.06–1.75 mm/year), receding Himalayan glaciers and frequent occurrence of extreme weather events are also a matter as per IPCC AR5. The present article discusses the contributions made by ICAR-CIFRI since 2004 on climate change vulnerability assessment framework, changes in breeding phenology of fishes, models on fish reproduction and diversity, thermal tolerance of fishes, carbon sequestration potential of wetlands and indigenous climate smart fisheries adaptation strategies. In addition, understanding the response and adaptation capacity of fishing and fishers to the physical and biological changes have also been discussed in the chapter.
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The spawning and well-being of fish in an ecosystem are closely linked to climatic cues, viz., temperature and rainfall. Reduced fitness can affect the reproductive performance and lead to skipped spawning. Benchmarking the threshold... more
The spawning and well-being of fish in an ecosystem are closely linked to climatic cues, viz., temperature and rainfall. Reduced fitness can affect the reproductive performance and lead to skipped spawning. Benchmarking the threshold fitness required for a fish population to achieve readiness for spawning, and understanding how climatic parameters influence the fitness will aid in predicting the fate of its reproductive success in future climatic conditions. This study determined the threshold condition factor pre-spawning fitness (Kspawn50) at which 50% of the female Channa punctata population can be deemed fit for spawning. The optimal climate within which pre-spawning fitness is attained by this species under Indian climatic conditions was also identified. The study was conducted from June 2015 to September 2016, covering two spawning seasons (June–August) in a Gangetic floodplain wetland of West Bengal, India. The non-parametric Kaplan–Meier method (survival fit) was used for estimation of pre-spawning fitness. “Ready to spawn” females were classified based on binary coding of the gonadal maturity stages. The thermal and precipitation range within which spawning fitness is achieved was identified by using the locally weighted smoothing technique. Female C. punctata pre-spawning fitness (Kspawn50) ranged from 1.26 to 1.39 with an estimated median of 1.29 units. Temperatures between 29 and 32 °C and rainfall above 100 mm were conducive to attaining the requisite pre-spawning fitness in C. punctata. This is the first study benchmarking the pre-spawning fitness and optimal climate for C. punctata. Understanding spawning requirements can inform the climate change–induced impacts on reproductive plasticity and evolutionary adaptations of snakeheads in the Ganga river basin.
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The regional climate has significantly warmed with erratically declining annual rainfall and intensified downpour within a narrower span of monsoon months, which led to an increased trophic state (≈algae) in most inland waters. Freshwater... more
The regional climate has significantly warmed with erratically declining annual rainfall and intensified downpour within a narrower span of monsoon months, which led to an increased trophic state (≈algae) in most inland waters. Freshwater clupeids vitally control the aquatic food chain by grazing on algae. Despite increasing food availability, IUCN Red List® revealed 16 freshwater clupeids with a decreasing population trend. We investigated one such species’ reproductive dependencies, Gudusia chapra (Indian river shad), in the lower Gangetic drainage (India) under a mixed context of climate change and overfishing. Monthly rainfall (≥ 60–100 mm) and water temperature (≥ 31–32 °C) are key breeding cues for females. The regional climate seems inclined to fulfill these through the significant part of the breeding season, and indeed the species has maintained consistent breeding phenology over 20 years. Other breeding thresholds relevant to fishing include size at first maturity (≥ 6.8 cm; reduced by ~ 25–36%) and pre-spawning girth (Girth spawn50 ≥ 7 cm; first record). Girth spawn50 is a proxy of the minimum mesh size requirement of fishing nets to allow safe passage of “gravid” females (+ 22% bulged abdomen) and breed. The operational fishing nets (3–10 cm mesh) probably have been indulged in indiscriminative fishing of gravid females for generations. Under a favorably changing climate and food availability, existing evidence suggests a fishery-induced evolution in regional females (to circumvent such mesh sizes) through earlier maturation/puberty at smaller sizes. It could be an early warning sign of population collapse (smaller females → lessening fecundity → fewer offspring). Overfishing seemed to be a bigger threat than climate change.
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The floodplain wetlands in different regional settings vary with time and space in terms of function and geomorphological diversity. In recent decades, these eco-sensitive waterbodies have been exposed to a wide range of anthropogenic... more
The floodplain wetlands in different regional settings vary with time and space in terms of function and geomorphological diversity. In recent decades, these eco-sensitive waterbodies have been exposed to a wide range of anthropogenic threats and climatic changes. Therefore, assessment of these ecological and environmental threats is prerequisite to understand the state of ecosystem and to develop a sustainable management strategy for conservation of wetland biodiversity and fisheries enhancement. This paper discusses the region-specific pattern of trophic state index (TSI) of the 27 floodplain wetlands in West Bengal, India. Carlson TSI and Lamparelli TSI methods were used to determine a better approach based on historical and continuous dataset and to delineate the interrelationship among historical climatic variability for sustainable management of the resources. The study revealed that agro-climatic divisions do not unveil any significant impact on the TSI calculated using Carlson TSI as well as Lamparelli TSI method. The TSI scores for the two methods were significantly different ( p < 0.01) for different zones based on wetland habitat types. The TSI scores revealed most of the wetlands to be in mesotrophic state. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that TSI scores were having similar pattern of variation with rainfall and water temperature. The present study also conveys fundamental information on ecological status based on the trophic state, which will aid to develop region-specific strategies for sustainable fisheries enhancement.
Research Interests: Geography, Environmental Science, Climate Change, Wetlands, Risk and Vulnerability, and 10 moreFreshwater Ecology, Eutrophication, Medicine, Multidisciplinary, Comparative Historical Analysis, Wetland, Wetlands Ecology, Floodplain, Trophic status, and Environmental Pollution Assessment and Monitoring
Wetlands are considered as one of the most effective carbon (C) sink among various ecosystems. To substantiate this view, the present investigation was conducted in one of the units of sewage fed East Kolkata wetlands (EKW), a Ramsar... more
Wetlands are considered as one of the most effective carbon (C) sink among various ecosystems. To substantiate this view, the present investigation was conducted in one of the units of sewage fed East Kolkata wetlands (EKW), a Ramsar site, over a period of 3 years. The result revealed that because of high primary productivity due to abundance of primary producers and other sources of C input primarily through sewage influx, there is net positive balance of C in the system. The rate of C accumulation estimated through C budget was 1245.27–2490.55 kg C ha−1 year−1 while the rate estimated through sediment core analysis came out to be 1584 kg C ha−1 year−1. The amount of total C deposited up to 15 cm depth in sediment was 29.37 Mg ha−1, quite higher than the C deposited up to 15 cm depth of reference upland soil which was measured at 23.79 Mg ha−1. If C burial from this experiment in 55 ha is up-scaled for entire EKW of 12,500 ha area, then it empirically corresponds to 56.97–113.94 Gg CO2 captured from atmosphere per annum. EKW is not only used for aquaculture production thereby harvesting blue carbon but also has great potential to accumulate C in its sediments and thus helping mitigate climate change.
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The length–weight relationships (LWRs) of three freshwater fish species from the Kangsabati and Rupnaryan river in West Bengal, India are presented, namely as Amblypharyngodon microlepis (Bleeker, 1853), Parambassis lala (Hamilton, 1822)... more
The length–weight relationships (LWRs) of three freshwater fish species from the Kangsabati and Rupnaryan river in West Bengal, India are presented, namely as Amblypharyngodon microlepis (Bleeker, 1853), Parambassis lala (Hamilton, 1822) and Macrognathus aculeatus (Bloch, 1786). Gill‐nets (mesh sizes with 0.5 cm–4 cm), cast‐nets (up to 1 × 1 cm mesh size with up to 4.0 m² area) and scoop‐nets (0.3 × 0.3 cm and 0.5 × 0.5 cm mesh size) were used from January, 2017 to April, 2018. Sampling was done every 15 days during this period. The value of parameter “b” ranged from 2.751 to 2.895 with highly significant correlations (r² > 0.95).
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Abstract Information on various aspects of reproductive traits of female pool barbs from various stretches of Ganga River basin, India was generated in relation to climatic variability. The presumptions surrounding – minnows being the... more
Abstract Information on various aspects of reproductive traits of female pool barbs from various stretches of Ganga River basin, India was generated in relation to climatic variability. The presumptions surrounding – minnows being the first and easily hit by climatic variability, was validated. GAM models revealed low threshold rainfall requirement (>50 mm) within a wide temperature range (20–30 °C) necessary for attainment of breeding GSI (>10.5 units). Pre-spawning fitness (Kspawn50) and size at 50% maturity (LM50) benchmarked through Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were in the range 1.61–1.67 units (Fulton condition factor) and 8.6–9.0 cm respectively. Mapping of climate preferendum through LOESS smoothing hinted both low-mild rainfall (50–150 mm) and high rainfall conditions (400–700 mm) conducive for attaining pre-spawning fitness while no dependence on temperature was observed. First maturity of females was encountered at 4.7 cm within the size range 4.4–12.6 cm. The present study hinted a probable reduction (1.4–1.8 cm) in size at maturity of female pool barbs. We observed pool barbs can breed within a wide thermal regime following slightest of rainfall events. Collating this with the present rates of climatic variability, we infer negligible threat of changing climate on reproduction of Puntius sophore in near future – contrary to the existing presumptions. Owing to the easiness in attainment of pre-spawning fitness under an apparently flexible climate preferendum, ‘skipped spawning’ decisions while facing climatic variability also seem minimum. The recorded breeding thresholds may serve as future references while assessing climate driven changes on reproduction and evolutionary adaptations in Gangetic minnows.
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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the most ubiquitous environmental pollutants of high global concern. PAHs belong to a diverse family of hydrocarbons with over one hundred compounds known, each containing at least two... more
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the most ubiquitous environmental pollutants of high global concern. PAHs belong to a diverse family of hydrocarbons with over one hundred compounds known, each containing at least two aromatic rings in their structure. Due to hydrophobic nature, PAHs tend to accumulate in the aquatic sediments, leading to bioaccumulation and elevated concentrations over time. In addition to their well-manifested mutagenic and carcinogenic effects in humans, they pose severe detrimental effects to aquatic life. The high eco-toxicity of PAHs has attracted a number of reviews, each dealing specifically with individual aspects of this global pollutant. However, efficient management of PAHs warrants a holistic approach that combines a thorough understanding of their physico-chemical properties, modes of environmental distribution and bioaccumulation, efficient detection, and bioremediation strategies. Currently, there is a lack of a comprehensive study t...
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The present study was undertaken to investigate the alterations in gene expression patterns and for mutation analysis of p53 in the riverine catfish Rita rita collected from polluted riverine habitat. The partial p53 gene sequence of Rita... more
The present study was undertaken to investigate the alterations in gene expression patterns and for mutation analysis of p53 in the riverine catfish Rita rita collected from polluted riverine habitat. The partial p53 gene sequence of Rita rita generated showed a high degree of similarities with the DNA binding domains of fishes, mice and human. Transcriptomic analysis, carried out by quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR), showed significant down-regulation of p53 in fishes collected from most of the polluted stretches. Similar trend in protein abundance was observed by western blot analysis. Down-regulation of p53 was more pronounced in gill than liver. Expression patterns of p53 suggest that exposure to a multitude of contaminants in the natural riverine ecosystem could suppress the expression of p53. Genomic DNA showed a low stained smear pattern upon electrophoresis, with no evidence of DNA fragmentation. For mutation analysis PCR-SSCP followed by sequence an...
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The Indian shad hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha), a commercially important food fish rich in oils, enjoys high consumer preference in the South Asian countries owing to its unique flavour and culinary properties. The present study was undertaken... more
The Indian shad hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha), a commercially important food fish rich in oils, enjoys high consumer preference in the South Asian countries owing to its unique flavour and culinary properties. The present study was undertaken with the primary objective of determining the flesh quality attributes of hilsa in terms of nutritive value (gross chemical composition, amino acid, fatty acid and mineral composition), pH, water holding capacity (WHC) and expression of genes associated with fatty acid metabolism and flesh quality. Additionally, comparative studies on the flesh quality attributes in hilsa from two distributaries of river Ganga i.e. Hooghly and Padma were also carried out. A high WHC (>80%) suggested juicy and tender nature of hilsa meat. The protein content was 18-21% in hilsa from both the rivers and essential amino acid lysine, valine and functional amino acids leucine and arginine were significantly higher in Hooghly hilsa (P<0.05). The predominance of umam...
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The present study explains the population structure and genetic diversity of medium carp Labeo gonius by analyzing partial sequence of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene. Labeo gonius is a lower risk Near Threatened species, distributed... more
The present study explains the population structure and genetic diversity of medium carp Labeo gonius by analyzing partial sequence of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene. Labeo gonius is a lower risk Near Threatened species, distributed throughout the North Indian major rivers, reservoirs and lakes. This species has a larger scope as an alternative candidate species in carp aquaculture system. In the present investigation, 223 individuals of Labeo gonius were collected from five locations of phylo-geographically isolated riverine ecosystems of India resulted in 12 haplotypes. These haplotypes showed 14 variables, out of which 9 were singletons and 5 were parsimony informative sites of nucleotide positions. The haplotypes H1 was considered as ancestral haplotype. All the haplotypes were connected to each other by 1-4 nucleotide mutations. The Narmada haplotypes (H10; H11 and H12) were isolated from H1 by four nucleotide mutations. The analyses resulted maximum expansion events (τ = ...
Catla (Catla catla) is a one of the most harvested Indian major carps and is widely cultured fish species in Indian subcontinent. In the present study, genetic variability between hatchery and wild stocks of Catla was surveyed using... more
Catla (Catla catla) is a one of the most harvested Indian major carps and is widely cultured fish species in Indian subcontinent. In the present study, genetic variability between hatchery and wild stocks of Catla was surveyed using sequence data of mitochondrial DNA of partial 307 bp of cytochrome b region. A total of 174 Catla individuals were examined from three different river basins and hatcheries. Significant genetic heterogeneity was observed for the sequence data (FST = 0.308, p ≤ 0.001). However, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) resulted in insignificant genetic differentiation among the samples of three rivers and culture zones (FCT = -0.10, p = 0.44). The result suggested a significant genetic variation within different riverine system, low genetic differentiation among samples from river basins and a lack of genetic variation in hatchery populations.
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Biotechnology is an exciting area entrusting great hopes and having a wider scope of application. The focus of this write-up is to review some of the landmark achievements made through application of Biotechnology and its potentials for... more
Biotechnology is an exciting area entrusting great hopes and having a wider scope of application. The focus of this write-up is to review some of the landmark achievements made through application of Biotechnology and its potentials for the future development of the fisheries sector.
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Research Interests: RNA, Biology, Medicine, DNA, Insecticides, and 15 moreBrain, Kidney, Liver, Pesticides, Animals, Acetylcholinesterase, Muscles, Proteins, Alkaline phosphatase, Enzyme activity, Carps, Chronic Toxicity, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT, Acid Phosphatase, and Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
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... Bordia, A.; Bansal, HC; Arora, SK ... Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 89B, 539544. ChemPort. Citarasu, T.; Babu, MM; Raja Jeya Sekar, R.; Marian, MP, 2002: Developing Artemia enriched herbal diet for producing quality larvae in Penaeus... more
... Bordia, A.; Bansal, HC; Arora, SK ... Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 89B, 539544. ChemPort. Citarasu, T.; Babu, MM; Raja Jeya Sekar, R.; Marian, MP, 2002: Developing Artemia enriched herbal diet for producing quality larvae in Penaeus monodon Fabricius. Asian Fish Sci. 15, 2132. ...
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Research Interests: Zoology, Western blotting, Animals, Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, and 12 moreAtlantic Salmon, Fisheries Sciences, Salmo salar, Western blot, Veterinary Sciences, Gill, Gtp Binding Proteins, Antiviral Agents, Fish and Shellfish Immunology, Gene Expression Regulation, Gene expression profiling, and Orthomyxoviridae
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The study evaluated the effect of dietary doses of Euglena viridis on the immune response and disease resistance of Labeo rohita fingerlings against infection with the bacterial pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila. L. rohita fingerlings were... more
The study evaluated the effect of dietary doses of Euglena viridis on the immune response and disease resistance of Labeo rohita fingerlings against infection with the bacterial pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila. L. rohita fingerlings were fed with diet containing 0 (Control), 0.1 g, 0.5 g, 1.0 g Euglena powder kg(-1) dry diet for 90 days. Biochemical (serum total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin:globulin ratio), haematological (WBC, RBC, haemoglobin content) and immunological (superoxide anion production, lysozyme, serum bactericidal activity) parameters of fish were examined after 30, 60 and 90 days of feeding. Fish were challenged with A. hydrophila 90 days post-feeding and mortalities were recorded over 10 days post-infection. The results demonstrate that fish fed with Euglena showed increased levels of superoxide anion production, lysozyme, serum bactericidal activity, serum protein and albumin (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) compared with the control group. Following challenge with A. hydrophila less survivability was observed in the control group (56.65%) than the group fed the experimental diets. The group fed 0.5 g Euglena kg(-1) dry diet showed the highest percentage survival (75%). These results indicate that Euglena stimulates the immunity and makes L. rohita more resistant to A. hydrophila infection.
Research Interests: Immunology, Immune response, Production, Biology, Fish Diseases, and 15 moreMedicine, Haematology, Animals, Disease resistance, Fisheries Sciences, Fish production, Aeromonas Hydrophila, Cyprinidae, Hemoglobins, Blood Proteins, Control Group, Euglena, Globulins, Erythrocyte Count, and leukocyte Count
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The present experiment was carried out to study the effect of different dosages of beta-glucan suspension derived from barley on the innate immune response and disease resistance of Anabas testudineus spawns against infection caused by... more
The present experiment was carried out to study the effect of different dosages of beta-glucan suspension derived from barley on the innate immune response and disease resistance of Anabas testudineus spawns against infection caused by Aeromonas hydrophila. Four different dosages of beta-glucan suspension in phosphate buffered saline at the rate of 0, 5, 10, 15 mg l(-1) were taken and 8 days old spawn were exposed for 2 h and 3 h. The cell suspension of spawn was assayed for total protein, acid phosphatase activity, lysozyme activity, bactericidal and NBT. Further, the spawns were challenged with 3 x 10(5) cells ml(-1) of A. hydrophila and survivability percentage and immunological parameters were assayed upto day 7. On day 7, most of the immunological parameters such as lysozyme activity, bactericidal activity and NBT activity were significantly enhanced after exposing the fish to all the concentrations of beta-glucan. Challenge study indicated least mortality in the group of spawns immersed in 15 mg l(-1) beta-glucan suspension for 3 h. Thus, 3 h exposure to beta-glucan suspension could reduce the mortality and increase the immunity of A. testudineus spawns.
Research Interests: Zoology, Immune response, Biology, Survival Analysis, Fish Diseases, and 15 moreInnate immunity, Medicine, Animals, Disease resistance, Fisheries Sciences, Beta-Glucans, Veterinary Sciences, Aeromonas Hydrophila, Superoxides, Fish and Shellfish Immunology, Bactericidal Activity, Phosphate Buffer Saline, Acid Phosphatase, Total protein, and innate immune response
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The present study is aimed at characterizing V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus with the proteomics and genetic level so that further identification of these two microorganism from diseased shrimp (Penaeus monodon) become easier and... more
The present study is aimed at characterizing V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus with the proteomics and genetic level so that further identification of these two microorganism from diseased shrimp (Penaeus monodon) become easier and ...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate dietary dosages of Microcystis on the immune response and disease resistance against infections due to the opportunistic pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Labeo rohita... more
The aim of this study was to evaluate dietary dosages of Microcystis on the immune response and disease resistance against infections due to the opportunistic pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Labeo rohita fingerlings were fed diet ...
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... Article first published online: 6 OCT 2008. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2008.00600.x. © 2008 Dr N. Sarangi, Director CIFA. Journal compilation © 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Issue. Aquaculture Nutrition. Volume 15, Issue 4, pages... more
... Article first published online: 6 OCT 2008. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2095.2008.00600.x. © 2008 Dr N. Sarangi, Director CIFA. Journal compilation © 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Issue. Aquaculture Nutrition. Volume 15, Issue 4, pages 356365, August 2009. Additional Information. ...
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The present experiment was carried out to study the effect of different dosages of β-glucan suspension derived from barley on the innate immune response and disease resistance of Anabas testudineus spawns against infection caused by... more
The present experiment was carried out to study the effect of different dosages of β-glucan suspension derived from barley on the innate immune response and disease resistance of Anabas testudineus spawns against infection caused by Aeromonas hydrophila. Four different dosages of β-...