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ABSTRACT Terpenes confer advantage in plant protection against abiotic stresses such as heat and drought and biotic stresses such as herbivore and pathogen attack. We conducted a screening of leaf mono-and sesquiterpene concentrations in... more
ABSTRACT Terpenes confer advantage in plant protection against abiotic stresses such as heat and drought and biotic stresses such as herbivore and pathogen attack. We conducted a screening of leaf mono-and sesquiterpene concentrations in 75 common woody plant species in the rainforest of Danum Valley (Borneo). Terpene compounds were found in 73 out of the 75 analysed species. Similar or lower proportions have been reported in other parts of the world. To our knowledge, this study reports for the first time the foliar concentration of mono- and/or sesquiterpene for 71 species and 39 genera not previously analyzed. Altogether 80 terpene compounds were determined across the species, and out of these only linalool oxide and (E)-g-bisabolene had phylogenetic signal. A significant negative relationship between leaf monoterpene concentration and leaf length was observed, but leaf mono-and sesquitepene concentration were not related to any other leaf morphological trait nor to leaf elemental composition. Functions such as temperature protection, radiation protection or signaling and communication could underlie the high frequency of terpene-containing species of this tropical ecosystem which has multiple and very diverse interactions among multiple species.
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Plant roots normally release a complex mixture of chemicals which have important effects in the rhizosphere. Among these different root-emitted compounds, volatile isoprenoids have received very little attention, yet they may play... more
Plant roots normally release a complex mixture of chemicals which have important effects in the rhizosphere. Among these different root-emitted compounds, volatile isoprenoids have received very little attention, yet they may play important and diverse roles in the rhizosphere, contributing to the regulation of microbial activity and nutrient availability. It is therefore important to estimate their abundance in the rhizosphere, but so far, there is no reliable sampling method that can be used to measure realistic rates of root emissions from plants growing in field conditions, or even in pots. Here, we measured root content of volatile isoprenoids (specifically monoterpenes) for Pinus pinea, and explored the feasibility of using a dynamic bag enclosure method to measure emissions from roots of intact pot-grown plants with different degrees of root cleaning. We also investigated a passive diffusion method for exploring monoterpenes in soil at incremental distances from mature Pinus sylvestris trees growing in field conditions. Total monoterpene content of P. pinea roots was 415±50μgg−1 fresh wt in an initial screening study, and between 688±103 and 1144±208μgg−1 dry wt in subsequent investigations. Emissions from shaken-clean roots of intact plants and roots of intact plants washed to remove remaining soil after shaken-clean experiments were 119±14 and 26±5μgg−1 drywth−1, respectively. Emissions from intact roots in soil-balls were an order of magnitude lower than from shaken-clean roots, and probably reflected the amount of emitted compounds taken up by physical, chemical or biological processes in the soil matrix surrounding the roots. Although monoterpene content was not significantly different in droughted roots, emission rates from droughted roots were generally significantly lower than from well-watered roots. Finally, passive sampling of monoterpenes in the soil at different distances from mature P. sylvestris trees in field conditions showed significantly decreasing sampling rates with increasing distance from the trunk. We conclude that it is feasible to measure volatile isoprenoid emissions from roots but the method of root preparation affects magnitude of measured emissions and therefore must be decided according to the application. We also conclude that the rhizosphere of Pinus species is a strong and previously un-characterized source of volatile isoprenoid emissions and these are likely to impact significantly on rhizosphere function.
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Research Interests: Geography, Air Quality, Agriculture, Air pollution, Multidisciplinary, and 15 moreEarly Warning, Development policy, Nitric oxide, Arecaceae, Crop Production, Nitrogen, Industrial Revolution, Oil palm, North America, Human health, Aircraft, Oil Palm, Monoterpenes, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Air Pollutants
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This paper reports measurements of land–atmosphere fluxes of sensible and latent heat, momentum, CO 2 , volatile organic compounds (VOCs), NO, NO 2 , N 2 O and O 3 over a 30 m high rainforest canopy and a 12 m high oil palm plantation in... more
This paper reports measurements of land–atmosphere fluxes of sensible and latent heat, momentum, CO 2 , volatile organic compounds (VOCs), NO, NO 2 , N 2 O and O 3 over a 30 m high rainforest canopy and a 12 m high oil palm plantation in the same region of Sabah in Borneo between April and July 2008. The daytime maximum CO 2 flux to the two canopies differs by approximately a factor of 2, 1200 mg C m −2 h −1 for the oil palm and 700 mg C m −2 h −1 for the rainforest, with the oil palm plantation showing a substantially greater quantum efficiency. Total VOC emissions are also larger over the oil palm than over the rainforest by a factor of 3. Emissions of isoprene from the oil palm canopy represented 80 per cent of the VOC emissions and exceeded those over the rainforest in similar light and temperature conditions by on average a factor of 5. Substantial emissions of estragole (1-allyl-4-methoxybenzene) from the oil palm plantation were detected and no trace of this VOC was detected ...
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Simple summation and averaging methods were used to extrapolate 870 branch-scale measurements of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from 40 native Mediterranean plant species to give estimates of habitat-scale emission factors (EH)... more
Simple summation and averaging methods were used to extrapolate 870 branch-scale measurements of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from 40 native Mediterranean plant species to give estimates of habitat-scale emission factors (EH) for dunes, macchia, ...
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Considerable uncertainties are associated with the experimental estimates of emission rates of different volatile organic compound (VOC) species from the biosphere to the atmosphere. Some of this uncertainty derives from the sampling and... more
Considerable uncertainties are associated with the experimental estimates of emission rates of different volatile organic compound (VOC) species from the biosphere to the atmosphere. Some of this uncertainty derives from the sampling and analytical procedures used in emission rate measurements. A calibration system was developed in order to evaluate possible errors in the measurements of biogenic emission rates using a branch enclosure system. Two types of calibration procedures were tested, a standard additions technique and an internal standard procedure. Both techniques were used to evaluate possible losses while sampling isoprene and monoterpenes, which are the most abundant VOCs of biogenic origin. The losses to Teflon lines and the empty sampling system were tested and losses to the branch enclosure system installed on two VOC emitting plant species were evaluated. A considerable loss of isoprene (approximately 18% of inflow concentration 65 ng l(-1)) to the empty enclosure system and to the system installed on the plant was measured, but no losses of monoterpenes were observed.
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Research Interests: Chemical Ecology, Carbon, Invasive Species, Climate, Biodiversity, and 15 moreAbiotic Stress, Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Atmospheric sciences, Hawaii, Nitrogen, Introduced species, Hawaiian Islands, Nutrient, CHEMICAL SCIENCES, Alien species, Monoterpenes, Leaves, Alien Plants, and Native Species
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Research Interests: Botany, Biogeochemistry, Photosynthesis, Functional Ecology, Ecology, and 15 moreBiological invasions, Ecological Niche Modeling, Global Change Biology, Composition, Biological Sciences, Functional Traits, Global change, Environmental Sciences, Flora, Nutrient, Native Plants, Invasive Plant, Stoichiometry, Native Species, and Plant Leaf
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Data illustrating the performance characteristics of a proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) under both laboratory and field conditions are presented. Under laboratory conditions, we demonstrate that PTR-MS measures (within... more
Data illustrating the performance characteristics of a proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) under both laboratory and field conditions are presented. Under laboratory conditions, we demonstrate that PTR-MS measures (within 10%) a 2.6 ppbv concentration of gaseous dimethyl sulfide. Using a stepwise dilution of a gaseous isoprene standard, we demonstrate the linearity of the response of PTR-MS across 3 orders of magnitude of mixing ratios, from 100 ppbv to less than 100 pptv. By combining this data set with that of its monosubstituted 13C isotopic analogue, we demonstrate the ability of the instrumentto reliably measure concentrations as low as approximately 50 pptv and to detect concentrations at significantly lower levels. We conclude our laboratory characterization by investigating the components of the instrument noise signal (drift, mean, and range) and develop an expression (noise statistic) that reliably predicts the instrumental noise associated with any signal across a wide range of masses. In the field, we deployed a PTR-MS at a clean-air coastal site and an urban kerbside monitoring station to demonstrate the measurement of atmospheric dimethyl sulfide and benzene concentrations, respectively. At both sites, we were able to monitor diurnal variations in concentrations at unprecedented temporal resolutions (<5 min between successive measurements). We then demonstrate how the noise statistic can be applied to enable real fluctuations in atmospheric VOC concentrations to be reliably distinguished from instrument noise. We conclude by demonstrating how PTR-MS can be used to measure real-time VOC emission rate changes from vegetation in response to external forcing by examining the effect varying photon-flux density has upon emissions of isoprene from a Sitka spruce tree.
Research Interests: Environmental Science, Mass Spectrometry, Multidisciplinary, Environmental science and technology, Sulfides, and 9 moreProton Transfer, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Protons, Organic Chemicals, Volatile organic compound, Air Pollutants, Mass Spectrometer, and Volatilization
Research Interests: Air Quality, Environmental Monitoring, Air pollution, Multidisciplinary, Environmental science and technology, and 15 moreUnited Kingdom, Cities, Carbon Monoxide, Air, Case Study, Trees, Urban Trees, Ozone, Time Factors, NITRIC ACID, Nitrogen Dioxide, Environmental, Organic Chemicals, Air Pollutants, and Volatilization
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... M. Noh Dalimin from the Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia for full approval and technical support of ... Altitudinal differences in UV absorbance, UV reflectance and related morphological traits of Quercus ilex and ... Journal of... more
... M. Noh Dalimin from the Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia for full approval and technical support of ... Altitudinal differences in UV absorbance, UV reflectance and related morphological traits of Quercus ilex and ... Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 96:229242. ...
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Eighteen tree and shrub species were screened for emissions of isoprene and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at three locations at Castelporziano (Italy) using a bag-enclosure sampling method followed by GC analysis. Thirty emitted... more
Eighteen tree and shrub species were screened for emissions of isoprene and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at three locations at Castelporziano (Italy) using a bag-enclosure sampling method followed by GC analysis. Thirty emitted compounds were identified. Temperature sensitivity of emissions of monoterpenes varied between species. Strong temperature dependencies were found for isoprene emissions. For monoterpene-emitting plant species with greatest
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... REFERENCES Bertin, N., Staudt, M., Hansen, U., Seufert, G., Ciccioli, P., Foster, P., Fugit, JL and Torres, L. (1997) The BEMAproject: Diurnal and seasonal course of monoterpene emissions from Quercus ilex L, under natural... more
... REFERENCES Bertin, N., Staudt, M., Hansen, U., Seufert, G., Ciccioli, P., Foster, P., Fugit, JL and Torres, L. (1997) The BEMAproject: Diurnal and seasonal course of monoterpene emissions from Quercus ilex L, under natural conditionsApplication of light and temperature ...
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A relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) system, based on the design by Beverland et al. (Journal of Geophysics Research 101 (D17) 22, 807-22, 815), for the measurement of biogenic VOC species was evaluated by intercomparison with an eddy... more
A relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) system, based on the design by Beverland et al. (Journal of Geophysics Research 101 (D17) 22, 807-22, 815), for the measurement of biogenic VOC species was evaluated by intercomparison with an eddy correlation CO2 flux system over a mature deciduous beech canopy (Fagus Sylvatica) during the FOREXNOX program. Measurements from a site where winter wheat
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Research Interests: Atmospheric Chemistry, Atmospheric Science, Atmospheric Modeling, Atmospheric sciences, Eddy Covariance, and 8 moreVolatile Organic Compounds, Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation, Biosphere - atmosphere interactions, Oil palm, Biosphere-Atmosphere Exchange, Oil Palm, Biogenic Emissions, and ponderosa pine
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Page 1. BOREAL ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH 14: 794806 © 2009 ISSN 1239-6095 (print) ISSN 1797-2469 (online) Helsinki 31 August 2009 Leaf carotenoid concentrations and monoterpene emission capacity under acclimation of the light reactions of... more
Page 1. BOREAL ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH 14: 794806 © 2009 ISSN 1239-6095 (print) ISSN 1797-2469 (online) Helsinki 31 August 2009 Leaf carotenoid concentrations and monoterpene emission capacity under acclimation of the light reactions of photosynthesis ...
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A methodology describing the sampling and analysis of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ambient coastal air is presented. Air samples were collected during a field campaign (September 1998) at Mace Head on the west coast of... more
A methodology describing the sampling and analysis of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ambient coastal air is presented. Air samples were collected during a field campaign (September 1998) at Mace Head on the west coast of Ireland. In addition, ...
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Research Interests: Chemical Ecology, Invasive Species, Chemical, Biological Sciences, Phosphorus, and 15 morePhylogeny, Environmental Sciences, Hawaii, Nitrogen, Introduced species, Hawaiian Islands, Native Plants, CHEMICAL SCIENCES, Phenols, Nutritional Quality, Growth rate, Alien species, Alien Plants, Native Species, and Chemical Defense
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In order to evaluate the contribution that higher plants make to the removal of volatile organic compounds from the atmosphere, a measurement system consisting of a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS), CO2 analyzer,... more
In order to evaluate the contribution that higher plants make to the removal of volatile organic compounds from the atmosphere, a measurement system consisting of a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS), CO2 analyzer, diffusion devise and leaf enclosure was established. The uptake of VOCs by Golden Pothos (Epipremnum aureum) was investigated. The overall relative error associated with measurements made