- In over 20 years of comprehensive experience in the area of development studies in Latin America and the Caribbean, I... moreIn over 20 years of comprehensive experience in the area of development studies in Latin America and the Caribbean, I have proven myself as a motivated, results-oriented, and dynamic researcher, educator, and business professional. I am a skilled communicator able to reach diverse audiences through verbal and written means, demonstrated best by the courses I have designed and conducted in the Americas and Europe, and the 18 peer-reviewed journal articles, 15 book chapters, 6 co-edited books, and 2 case studies I have published. I have also been a guest co-editor of 2 special issues in a peer-reviewed journal.edit
We conducted a qualitative study (2019-22) to contextualise Colombia's energy policy for sustainable development and renewable energy diversification, focusing on the new governance toolbox of market incentives, weak institutions,... more
We conducted a qualitative study (2019-22) to contextualise Colombia's energy policy for sustainable development and renewable energy diversification, focusing on the new governance toolbox of market incentives, weak institutions, security risks in areas of limited statehood, and the role of indigenous people. We also examined how geopolitical events, such as COVID-19 and the Russian invasion of Ukraine, are affecting fossil fuel and decarbonisation strategies. Our findings suggest that weak institutions are a major obstacle to Colombia's energy transition. The Western definition of energy democracy takes for granted good governance in line with SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions; however, in Colombia, the context of social unrest, violence, corruption, and inequality hinders its implementation. Colombia's energy policy considers green investment a market opportunity rather than a way of institution building or phasing down fossil fuels, and there is no meaningful communication with civil society, especially indigenous people, to develop small-scale green investment initiatives. This study enhances energy policy by emphasising the role of governance and strong institutions in energy democracy. We argue that if governments and corporations were committed to climate change mitigation, they would invest in institution building over renewable energy.
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Mexico’s neoliberal development policies have facilitated private investments in wind energy projects. How do wind energy development investments contribute to a more inclusive society and the well...
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Vestas was to start delivering 132 V90-3.0 megawatt (MW) turbines in the second quarter of 2012. The turbines were to be installed in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec region of Oaxaca, a southern state in Mexico. However, on 17 October 2012,... more
Vestas was to start delivering 132 V90-3.0 megawatt (MW) turbines in the second quarter of 2012. The turbines were to be installed in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec region of Oaxaca, a southern state in Mexico. However, on 17 October 2012, Vestas’s deliveries were put on hold when social organisations and 40 indigenous Zapotec and Huave people held rallies in front of the Danish Embassy in Mexico City. With banners and placards, the protestors demanded Vestas’s exit from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. The indigenous people suggested that although European companies had traditionally been present in Mexico and were among the most experienced wind developers in the world, “their capitalist model” failed to take into account, “the spiritual and social ties between the indigenous rural communities and the land”. According to local residents, the basic problem was a clash of cultures. This case can be analysed taking into consideration different perspectives, such as: 1) social movements, 2) development, 3) business models, 4) international business, 5) institutions and governance, and 6) corporate social responsibility. An additional angel that could be considered is the communication process and stakeholder involvement between MNCs, governmental officials and local communities, when implementing large-scale investment projects. The case presents a conflict which involves four actors: 1) Indigenous communities in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec region in Oaxaca, Mexico: Zapotecas, Huaves or Ikoot, 2) The Mexican Government 3) VESTAS, and 4) Mareña Renovables.
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The mass media can play an important role in capturing the dynamic between social groups and the institutional environment. To investigate entrepreneurs' responses to the impact of organized crime and violence on Small and... more
The mass media can play an important role in capturing the dynamic between social groups and the institutional environment. To investigate entrepreneurs' responses to the impact of organized crime and violence on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Monterrey, Mexico, a deductive Content Discourse Analysis (CDA) was developed. The sample was constructed by integrating international newspapers available in the database FACTIVA and Mexican newspapers from 2006 to 2012. The results made it possible to observe the dynamic between informal and formal institutions in the emergence of adaptation of SMEs' business model. The adaptations observed tend to respond to the change in the behavior of social groups in Monterrey, Mexico, as a consequence of organized crime and violence. This chapter explores this CDA.
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This study explores what can be learned from listening to and engaging deeply with muxes, the third gender of Mexico's indigenous Zapotec community. We examine indigenous peoples' forms of gender organizing, work, and activism through... more
This study explores what can be learned from listening to and engaging deeply with muxes, the third gender of Mexico's indigenous Zapotec community. We examine indigenous peoples' forms of gender organizing, work, and activism through extensive fieldwork in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in Oaxaca, Mexico and intellectual engagement with scholarship on gender, coloniality, and third space theory. The empirical case showcases how muxes organize and defend their gender identity vis-à-vis processes of colonization and hybridity. The findings reveal unique forms of indigenous knowledges, gender activism, and gender organizing and are categorized into six themes: language and subjectification; work, social structure, and sexuality; religion and myth; esthetics and beauty; work discrimination and gender-based violence; and emancipation and queer activism. The analysis explains the possibility of becoming of different gender/ethnic identities and multiple hybrid representations of agency and repression. We critically examine novel insights on how indigenous gender organizing is paradoxically appreciated and revered while also inciting discrimination and violence. The empirical findings help us reconsider theoretical discourses of ongoing (de)coloniality and the third space of gender organizing.
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In diverse countries of the continent, environmental transformations -and the injustices connected- have traditionally been studied in the case of extractive industries, such as mining, oil or agriculture. However, in the present study we... more
In diverse countries of the continent, environmental transformations -and the injustices connected- have traditionally been studied in the case of extractive industries, such as mining, oil or agriculture. However, in the present study we want to discuss these concerns in the context of mega-projects that are commonly considered part of a “sustainable development”. Renewable, clean or green technology is not usually framed as ‘extractive’. We argue here that in some contexts large scale wind-parks might be working against sustainable development, when producing environmental injustices and generating social discontent and protest. We propose to use an environmental justice approach in order to understand why the Zapotecas and Huaves communities are opposing the wind energy park project, or ‘clean energy’. We aimed at exploring and discussing different ways in which eco-friendly projects or green energy investments result in (re)new environmental injustices. (Less)
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For more than 60 years, cooperation with local partners has been the basis for Arla Foods’ strategy for internationalisation in Latin America and the Caribbean (LATAM). However, in 2013, Arla Foods decided to open an office in Mexico City... more
For more than 60 years, cooperation with local partners has been the basis for Arla Foods’ strategy for internationalisation in Latin America and the Caribbean (LATAM). However, in 2013, Arla Foods decided to open an office in Mexico City to develop a stronger presence in the region; further, in September 2014, it announced a shared ownership with its long-term partner in Brazil, Vigor Alimentos S.A. This case presents the background for Arla Foods’ presence in LATAM and its integration of the regional office in order to build a competitive advantage. In this case, the responsible management is addressing 1) the ethical challenges that Arla Foods must meet to enter and expand its market share in LATAM, 2) whether it is actually possible for Arla Foods to run a profitable business considering the differences found in LATAM’s consumers, and 3) issues related to managing employees in fragile institutional settings. Janus Skøt, the protagonist in the case, is considering potential strat...
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PurposeWe explore and explain how academic organizations attempt to establish legitimacy in a transition to a postconflict context, and we examine the ethical challenges that emerge from insightful approaches to formal education in such... more
PurposeWe explore and explain how academic organizations attempt to establish legitimacy in a transition to a postconflict context, and we examine the ethical challenges that emerge from insightful approaches to formal education in such contexts.Design/methodology/approachWe use legitimacy theory to present a case study of a business school in Medellin, Colombia (herein referred to by the pseudonym BS-MED) in the empirical setting of the end of the most prolonged armed conflict in the world.FindingsWe identify the mechanisms implemented by BS-MED to comply with the Colombian government's peace process and rhetoric of business profitability and the faculty members' initiatives in response to social and academic tensions.Originality/valueThis study identifies the sources of the tensions and discrepancies between the regulatory and pragmatic versus moral and cultural-cognitive criteria of legitimacy in transitions to a postconflict context. This examination advances our underst...
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In accordance with critical reflective thinking on colonialisation, we respond to Dunlap's critical remarks on our article by deconstructing some of the themes presented in the debate on internal colonialism in the context of... more
In accordance with critical reflective thinking on colonialisation, we respond to Dunlap's critical remarks on our article by deconstructing some of the themes presented in the debate on internal colonialism in the context of large-scale wind energy developments in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico. We return to a historical conceptualisation of internal colonialism as it pertains to a continuation of colonial-like dynamicsoppression, repression, violation and exploitation of vulnerable peoplewithin a country, which is important for our discussion on energy justice, particularly cognitive justice, as the colonial-like dynamics of economic transactions between economically motivated indigenous people and private investors with the support of elite actorswhich we term transactional colonialismhave repercussions for vulnerable people and indigenous livelihoods. We hope that our perspective will contribute to the global discussion of the socio-ecological impacts of large-scale wind energy developments and green transitions more generally.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to know the implications that COVID-19 has presented in the workplace to develop research strategies related to issues of human and organizational behavior on the business perspective.... more
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to know the implications that COVID-19 has presented in the workplace to develop research strategies related to issues of human and organizational behavior on the business perspective. Design/methodology/approach Quantitative, exploratory based on primary and secondary sources, an online questionnaire was designed and applied with 33 items that was applied in the Mexican work environment, during the period from March 7 to 16, that is, in the same week as WHO made the pandemic declaration for COVID-19, obtaining a total of 332 responses. Findings With the descriptive analyzes carried out, it was possible to know the perception that people have of various aspects related to COVID-19, and subsequently the corresponding reliability tests were carried out, obtaining Cronbach’s alpha indexes greater than 0.8. At the beginning of the declaration of pandemic by COVID-19, a relationship was shown between stress and the aspects related to the arrival of CO...
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PurposeThis research aims to explore and analyze multinational enterprises (MNEs) and local firms' ambidexterity strategies to buffer against narcoterrorism impacts on their assets. The role of line managers (LMs), who have been... more
PurposeThis research aims to explore and analyze multinational enterprises (MNEs) and local firms' ambidexterity strategies to buffer against narcoterrorism impacts on their assets. The role of line managers (LMs), who have been deemed key players in the implementation of ambidextrous strategies, was investigated in detail.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents a qualitative study based on 58 semistructured interviews with key employees, i.e. firm directors, human resource (HR) managers, LMs and their subordinates, in Colombia and Mexico over a three-year period.FindingsThe “culture of insecurity” that exists in Colombia and Mexico due to narcoterrorism and the lack of governmental enactment of coercive institutional pillars defines the common frames and patterns of the beliefs held by managers and employees working in such contexts. To ensure the survival of employees and firms in unsafe institutional contexts while managing normative pressures to compete worldwide, LMs...
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore how Danish and Mexican communication and management practices are recontextualized at the Latin American office of a Scandinavian multinational corporation (MNC) located in Mexico.... more
Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore how Danish and Mexican communication and management practices are recontextualized at the Latin American office of a Scandinavian multinational corporation (MNC) located in Mexico. Design/methodology/approach A case study based on interviews, observations and company documents was conducted. Findings Well-educated Mexican middle managers appreciate the participative communication and management practices of Scandinavian MNCs, which transcend most experiences at local workplaces, but their interpretations and meaning system are influenced by the colonial legacy and political and socioeconomic context framing their working conditions. Originality/value This paper provides a contextualized analysis of a rich case study to further illustrate the challenges faced by MNCs in their quest to establish a regional office in a Latin American context and offers a theoretical model of the elements involved in complex recontextualization processes.
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This paper presents a multiple case study research to explore the configuration of human resource management (HRM), in complex institutional environments. 200 news histories were content analyzed a...
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Mass media can play an important role in capturing the dynamic between social groups and institutional environments. This paper presents a quantitative content analysis of international news to det...
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This paper presents a study on framing theory and entrepreneurs’ strategic responses in a narcoterrorism context. We obtain our results using a sequential explanatory mixed-method research design of international news, which aims to... more
This paper presents a study on framing theory and entrepreneurs’ strategic responses in a narcoterrorism context. We obtain our results using a sequential explanatory mixed-method research design of international news, which aims to identify and analyze the themes that the international press covers in relation to narcoterrorism and to study entrepreneurs’ strategic responses to narcoterrorism as covered in news reports. Our quantitative content analysis (QCA) results show differences among journalists’ news stories using conflict, economic and morality frames in Mexico, the United States (US) and the European Union (EU). Our thematic analysis results present explanatory accounts for entrepreneurs’ selection of acquiescence, avoidance, defiance and manipulation tactics as strategic responses in a narcoterrorism context. Our contribution comprises explanatory accounts of frame theory’s effects on entrepreneurs and specific examples of their strategic responses to narcoterrorism.
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In accordance with critical reflective thinking on colonialisation, we respond to Dunlap's critical remarks on our article by deconstructing some of the themes presented in the debate on internal colonialism in the context of large-scale... more
In accordance with critical reflective thinking on colonialisation, we respond to Dunlap's critical remarks on our article by deconstructing some of the themes presented in the debate on internal colonialism in the context of large-scale wind energy developments in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico. We return to a historical conceptualisation of internal colonialism as it pertains to a continuation of colonial-like dynamicsoppression, repression, violation and exploitation of vulnerable peoplewithin a country, which is important for our discussion on energy justice, particularly cognitive justice, as the colonial-like dynamics of economic transactions between economically motivated indigenous people and private investors with the support of elite actorswhich we term transactional colonialismhave repercussions for vulnerable people and indigenous livelihoods. We hope that our perspective will contribute to the global discussion of the socio-ecological impacts of large-scale wind energy developments and green transitions more generally.
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Los gobiernos y las empresas argumentan que invertir en energía eólica contribuye al desarrollo sostenible global y la conservación ecológica. Sin embargo, grupos vulnerables, como los pueblos indígenas −tradicionalmente excluidos y... more
Los gobiernos y las empresas argumentan que invertir en energía eólica contribuye al desarrollo sostenible global y la conservación ecológica. Sin embargo, grupos vulnerables, como los pueblos indígenas −tradicionalmente excluidos y marginados−, sufren las consecuencias de este tipo de inversiones porque continúan la opresión y la represión históricas practicadas por los grupos elite sobre ellos. “Colonialismo interno” es el término que designa dicha problemática. Este artículo, basado en un estudio longitudinal (2013–2021) realizado en el Istmo de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca (México), discute el marco teórico del colonialismo interno ejercido sobre las comunidades vulnerables debido a las inversiones eólicas en la región. También proporciona una perspectiva histórica sobre la disputa por los territorios comunales indígenas en las dinámicas conflictivas de dichas inversiones. El estudio proporciona un análisis crítico de la interacción entre grupos vulnerables y grupos elites (individuos con poder gubernamental o empresarial).
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Energy production is a source of disputes across the world. Governments and firms argue that investing in wind energy contributes to the sustainable development of energy systems. However, wind farms perpetuate ongoing injustices and... more
Energy production is a source of disputes across the world. Governments and firms argue that investing in wind energy contributes to the sustainable development of energy systems. However, wind farms perpetuate ongoing injustices and instigate new injustices. Vulnerable groups such as excluded and marginalised indigenous people can trace the injustices in low-carbon investments to a historical continuity of oppression and repression by internal and external elite groups. Based on a qualitative longitudinal study in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in Oaxaca, Mexico, we expand our understanding of the energy justice framework in two ways. First, we show that cognitive justice is a vital dimension for understanding different ways of life, traditions and customs. Second, we propose the new concept of 'transactional colonialism', which emphasises the role of economic transactions between firms and economically motivated members of indigenous communities with the support of elite actors. This article provides new insights into the conflicting dynamics of wind energy investments in the Global South.
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In postcolonial countries such as those in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), preventing changes to one’s livelihood and territory appears to be one rationale for resistance against wind energy projects (Diego Quintana, 2015; Terwindt... more
In postcolonial countries such as those in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), preventing changes to one’s livelihood and territory appears to be one rationale for resistance against wind energy projects (Diego Quintana, 2015; Terwindt and Schliamann, 2017) and a cause of confrontation between governments and business, on the one hand, and indigenous people’s vision of the environment (Agyeman, 2014; Martinez-Alier et al., 2016; Sikor and Newell, 2014), on the other. Indigenous people’s concerns move beyond the NIMBY (not in my backyard) aesthetic rationale (Aitken, 2010) for opposing wind
energy investments. One source of confrontation may be the inappropriate application of the free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) principle (Colchester and Farhan Ferrari, 2007; Dunlap, 2017a). Regional development projects in wind energy require an extensive use of land, which appears to be a problem around the world, particularly for indigenous communities who have strong place-based attachments to the vision of their environment and territory (Cass and Walker, 2009; Dunlap, 2017b; Escobar, 2008; Martin, 2005; Nolte, 2016).
energy investments. One source of confrontation may be the inappropriate application of the free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) principle (Colchester and Farhan Ferrari, 2007; Dunlap, 2017a). Regional development projects in wind energy require an extensive use of land, which appears to be a problem around the world, particularly for indigenous communities who have strong place-based attachments to the vision of their environment and territory (Cass and Walker, 2009; Dunlap, 2017b; Escobar, 2008; Martin, 2005; Nolte, 2016).
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El caso fue escrito por el Profesor Asistente Jacobo Ramírez y el estudiante Sven Benjamin Modrow del Departamento de Comunicación y Administración Intercultural en Copenhague Business School (CBS), con el propósito de ser utilizado como... more
El caso fue escrito por el Profesor Asistente Jacobo Ramírez y el estudiante Sven Benjamin Modrow del Departamento de Comunicación y Administración Intercultural en Copenhague Business School (CBS), con el propósito de ser utilizado como base para la discusión en clase, sin la intención de ilustrar el tratamiento correcto o incorrecto de alguna situación en la gestión.
In this case responsible management concerns the ethical challenges that Arla meets when wanting to enter and expand their market share in Mexico, and also whether it is actually possible for Arla to run a profitable business under these circumstances. The protagonist is considering what market strategy to use – joint venture, local partnerships etc. But would it be possible to target low income consumers with premium products as Lurpak?
In this case responsible management concerns the ethical challenges that Arla meets when wanting to enter and expand their market share in Mexico, and also whether it is actually possible for Arla to run a profitable business under these circumstances. The protagonist is considering what market strategy to use – joint venture, local partnerships etc. But would it be possible to target low income consumers with premium products as Lurpak?
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Vestas was to start delivering 132 V90-3.0 megawatt (MW) turbines in the second quarter of 2012. The turbines were to be installed in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec region of Oaxaca, a southern state in Mexico. However, on 17 October 2012,... more
Vestas was to start delivering 132 V90-3.0 megawatt (MW) turbines in the second quarter of 2012. The turbines were to be installed in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec region of Oaxaca, a southern state in Mexico. However, on 17 October 2012, Vestas’s deliveries were put on hold when social organisations and 40 indigenous Zapotec and Huave people held rallies in front of the Danish Embassy in Mexico City. With banners and placards, the protestors demanded Vestas’s exit from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. The indigenous people suggested that although European companies had traditionally been present in Mexico and were among the most experienced wind developers in the world, “their capitalist model” failed to take into account, “the spiritual and social ties between the indigenous rural communities and the land”. According to local residents, the basic problem was a clash of cultures.
This case can be analysed taking into consideration different perspectives, such as: 1) social movements, 2) development, 3) business models, 4) international business, 5) institutions and governance, and 6) corporate social responsibility. An additional angel that could be considered is the communication process and stakeholder involvement between MNCs, governmental officials and local communities, when implementing large-scale investment projects.
The case presents a conflict which involves four actors: 1) Indigenous communities in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec region in Oaxaca, Mexico: Zapotecas, Huaves or Ikoot, 2) The Mexican Government 3) VESTAS, and 4) Mareña Renovables.
This case can be analysed taking into consideration different perspectives, such as: 1) social movements, 2) development, 3) business models, 4) international business, 5) institutions and governance, and 6) corporate social responsibility. An additional angel that could be considered is the communication process and stakeholder involvement between MNCs, governmental officials and local communities, when implementing large-scale investment projects.
The case presents a conflict which involves four actors: 1) Indigenous communities in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec region in Oaxaca, Mexico: Zapotecas, Huaves or Ikoot, 2) The Mexican Government 3) VESTAS, and 4) Mareña Renovables.
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For more than 60 years, cooperation with local partners has been the basis for Arla Foods’ strategy for internationalisation in Latin America and the Caribbean (LATAM). However, in 2013, Arla Foods decided to open an office in Mexico City... more
For more than 60 years, cooperation with local partners has been the basis for Arla Foods’ strategy for internationalisation in Latin America and the Caribbean (LATAM). However, in 2013, Arla Foods decided to open an office in Mexico City to develop a stronger presence in the region; further, in September 2014, it announced a shared ownership with its long-term partner in Brazil, Vigor Alimentos S.A. This case presents the background for Arla Foods’ presence in LATAM and its integration of the regional office. In this case, the responsible management is addressing 1) the ethical challenges that Arla Foods must meet to enter and expand its market share in LATAM, 2) whether it is actually possible for Arla Foods to run a profitable business considering the differences found in LATAM’s consumers, and 3) issues related to managing employees in fragile institutional settings. Janus Skøt, the protagonist in the case, is considering potential strategy design and implementation (e.g., strengthen cooperation, joint ventures, local partnerships, etc.) in LATAM. But, will it be possible to target low-income consumers with premium products such as Lurpak?
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Vestas was to start delivering 132 V90-3.0 megawatt (MW) turbines in the second quarter of 2012. The turbines were to be installed in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec region of Oaxaca, a southern state in Mexico. However, on 17 October 2012,... more
Vestas was to start delivering 132 V90-3.0 megawatt (MW) turbines in the second quarter of 2012. The turbines were to be installed in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec region of Oaxaca, a southern state in Mexico. However, on 17 October 2012, Vestas’s deliveries were put on hold when social organisations and 40 indigenous Zapotec and Huave people held rallies in front of the Danish Embassy in Mexico City. With banners and placards, the protestors demanded Vestas’s exit from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. The indigenous people suggested that although European companies had traditionally been present in Mexico and were among the most experienced wind developers in the world, “their capitalist model” failed to take into account, “the spiritual and social ties between the indigenous rural communities and the land”. According to local residents, the basic problem was a clash of cultures.
This case can be analysed taking into consideration different perspectives, such as: 1) social movements, 2) development, 3) business models, 4) international business, 5) institutions and governance, and 6) corporate social responsibility. An additional angel that could be considered is the communication process and stakeholder involvement between MNCs, governmental officials and local communities, when implementing large-scale investment projects.
The case presents a conflict which involves four actors: 1) Indigenous communities in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec region in Oaxaca, Mexico: Zapotecas, Huaves or Ikoot, 2) The Mexican Government 3) VESTAS, and 4) Mareña Renovables.
This case can be analysed taking into consideration different perspectives, such as: 1) social movements, 2) development, 3) business models, 4) international business, 5) institutions and governance, and 6) corporate social responsibility. An additional angel that could be considered is the communication process and stakeholder involvement between MNCs, governmental officials and local communities, when implementing large-scale investment projects.
The case presents a conflict which involves four actors: 1) Indigenous communities in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec region in Oaxaca, Mexico: Zapotecas, Huaves or Ikoot, 2) The Mexican Government 3) VESTAS, and 4) Mareña Renovables.