Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University
Archaeology
ABSTRACT This paper introduces a compilation of 8 unpublished inscriptions found in the territory of the Nicaea: 1) A votive offering of a local cult associations to Zeus Patricus, 2) A votive offering of Sosybios to the unknown God, 3)... more
ABSTRACT
This paper introduces a compilation of 8 unpublished inscriptions found in the territory of the Nicaea: 1) A votive
offering of a local cult associations to Zeus Patricus, 2) A votive offering of Sosybios to the unknown God, 3) The
grave of Iulius’ feedings, 4) The grave of Arcesilaos’ brother and his wife, 5) The grave of Arcesilaos and Theocrate’s
father and their mother Asclepiodote, 6) The grave of Philoteos and his wife, 7) The grave of Diocles and his wife
Rufna, 8) The grave of Plato. The inscriptions dating to Roman Imperial Period were gathered from Bilecik region.
ÖZET Makalede Nikaia antik kentinin teritoryumunda bulunan 8 yeni yazıtı tanıtılmaktadır: 1) Yerel bir kült derneğinin Zeus Patrikos'a adağı, 2) Sosybios'un adı bilinmeyen bir tanrıya adağı, 3) Iulius'un beslemelerinin mezarı, 4) Arkesialos'un kardeşi ve eşinin mezarı, 5) Arkesialos'un ve Theokrate'nin babaları ile annesi Asklepiodote'nin mezarı, 8) Philoteos ile eşinin mezarı, 7) Diokles ile eşi Rufina'nın mezarı, 8) Platon'un mezarı. Roma İmparatorluk Çağı'na tarihlenen bu yazıtlar, Bilecik bölgesinden toplanmıştır.
This paper introduces a compilation of 8 unpublished inscriptions found in the territory of the Nicaea: 1) A votive
offering of a local cult associations to Zeus Patricus, 2) A votive offering of Sosybios to the unknown God, 3) The
grave of Iulius’ feedings, 4) The grave of Arcesilaos’ brother and his wife, 5) The grave of Arcesilaos and Theocrate’s
father and their mother Asclepiodote, 6) The grave of Philoteos and his wife, 7) The grave of Diocles and his wife
Rufna, 8) The grave of Plato. The inscriptions dating to Roman Imperial Period were gathered from Bilecik region.
ÖZET Makalede Nikaia antik kentinin teritoryumunda bulunan 8 yeni yazıtı tanıtılmaktadır: 1) Yerel bir kült derneğinin Zeus Patrikos'a adağı, 2) Sosybios'un adı bilinmeyen bir tanrıya adağı, 3) Iulius'un beslemelerinin mezarı, 4) Arkesialos'un kardeşi ve eşinin mezarı, 5) Arkesialos'un ve Theokrate'nin babaları ile annesi Asklepiodote'nin mezarı, 8) Philoteos ile eşinin mezarı, 7) Diokles ile eşi Rufina'nın mezarı, 8) Platon'un mezarı. Roma İmparatorluk Çağı'na tarihlenen bu yazıtlar, Bilecik bölgesinden toplanmıştır.
This paper presents a detailed investigation of an Early Bronze Age clay sealing from Boz Höyük, a settlement mound located along the Büyük Menderes valley (inland western Anatolia). The artefact, clearly local in manufacture, was... more
This paper presents a detailed investigation of an Early Bronze Age clay sealing from Boz Höyük, a settlement mound
located along the Büyük Menderes valley (inland western Anatolia). The artefact, clearly local in manufacture, was
employed as a stopper to seal a bottle/flask and impressed with two different stamp seals. These elements are compared
to all other published contemporary sealings in western and central Anatolia, in order to understand the degree of
complexity of sealing practices in the region. In turn, evidence of Early Bronze Age Anatolian sealing practices is
discussed in relation to the available evidence regarding the degree of social complexity in local communities. It is
suggested that, during the Early Bronze Age, sealings were employed for product branding rather than control over
storage and redistribution of commodities, and only at the beginning of the second millennium BC did the region witness
the introduction of complex administrative practices.
located along the Büyük Menderes valley (inland western Anatolia). The artefact, clearly local in manufacture, was
employed as a stopper to seal a bottle/flask and impressed with two different stamp seals. These elements are compared
to all other published contemporary sealings in western and central Anatolia, in order to understand the degree of
complexity of sealing practices in the region. In turn, evidence of Early Bronze Age Anatolian sealing practices is
discussed in relation to the available evidence regarding the degree of social complexity in local communities. It is
suggested that, during the Early Bronze Age, sealings were employed for product branding rather than control over
storage and redistribution of commodities, and only at the beginning of the second millennium BC did the region witness
the introduction of complex administrative practices.
Arkeoloji Dergisi, 2017
The Konya Regional Archaeological Survey Project (KRASP) is an interdisciplinary, multi-scale research programme in south-central Turkey. KRASP aims at integrating new fieldwork with the substantial research corpus already available for... more
The Konya Regional Archaeological Survey Project (KRASP) is an interdisciplinary, multi-scale research programme in south-central Turkey. KRASP aims at integrating new fieldwork with the substantial research corpus already available for the region, in order to provide a synthetic understanding of archaeological and palaeoenvironmental dynamics in the plain and surrounding highlands. This includes a diachronic assessment of human-environment interactions in different ecological niches, of sedentism, urbanism and political consolidation, and of related phenomena such as modifications to landscapes, farming production, and pastoral mobility. KRASP's fieldwork focuses on three discrete ecological zones: the cultivated alluvium, the steppe margin, and the highland margin. This paper presents the methodologies, aims and preliminary results of KRASP's 2017 and 2018 fieldwork seasons in the eastern section of the Konya Plain. Among the most significant results, our team uncovered evidence in the steppe for numerous temporary sites contemporary with Boncuklu Höyük and Çatalhöyük pre-XII, which provide a broader context to understand the process of Neolithisation of the region. It also dated the appearance of the first large centres (ca. 20 ha) in the region at the Chalcolithic-Early Bronze Age transition, and revealed the existence of a territorial defence system around the plain already in the early 2 nd millennium BCE. Lastly, KRASP has identified a horizon of expanding sedentary sites (höyük) into the steppe during the late 2 nd and early 1 st millennia BCE, probably associated with a substantial irrigation project and possibly prompted by the rise of a large urban centre in the Çarşamba delta.
Excavations at Küllüoba, located in far west central Anatolia near Eskişehir - Seyitgazi, have been ongoing since 1996. The mound is situated on an important natural route between central Anatolia and the Marmara Basin. Results obtained... more
Excavations at Küllüoba, located in far west central Anatolia near Eskişehir - Seyitgazi, have been ongoing since 1996. The mound is situated on an important natural route between central Anatolia and the Marmara Basin. Results obtained from the excavation so far have shown that the mound was continuously occupied from the 4th millennium BC to the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. The yielded data has provided a better understanding of the stages of cultural development in the region.
Here, the architecture of the Early Bronze Age II period has been unearthed in a large area. On the other hand, thanks to the excavation, significant evidence has been uncovered that helps shed light on the development of the relationship between this region and distant regions at the end of the Early Bronze Age. The most recent excavation seasons aimed to determine the cemetery area, understand the function
of the buildings in the lower town, and reveal the Early Bronze Age I period in more detail. In this context, a brief evaluation of the settlement and preliminary report of the 2020 excavation season is presented in this work.
Here, the architecture of the Early Bronze Age II period has been unearthed in a large area. On the other hand, thanks to the excavation, significant evidence has been uncovered that helps shed light on the development of the relationship between this region and distant regions at the end of the Early Bronze Age. The most recent excavation seasons aimed to determine the cemetery area, understand the function
of the buildings in the lower town, and reveal the Early Bronze Age I period in more detail. In this context, a brief evaluation of the settlement and preliminary report of the 2020 excavation season is presented in this work.
The end of the Early Bronze Age, in other words the EBA III, is one of the significant turning points in the cultural history of the Anatolian Peninsula. Metal objects that indicate social class differences, advancements in architecture,... more
The end of the Early Bronze Age, in other words the EBA III, is one of the significant turning points in the cultural history of the Anatolian Peninsula. Metal objects that indicate social class differences, advancements in architecture, and finds that point to connections with distant regions all demonstrate that a political structure began to emerge in Anatolia during this period. Parallel to these developments, especially with the increase in interregional relations, the use of new vessels indicates a novelty in eating and drinking habits. Tankards, bell-shaped cups and depas amphikypellon stand out within this group and are referred to as the new drinking vessels. In addition to these, it is noteworthy that beakers or goblets, and also container amphorae started to become widespread. All these types are considered to be associated with new drinking habits, and the new drink type is suggested to be wine. However, the suggestions proposed regarding the use of these vessels are not supported by any archaeometric studies until now. In this study, we share results from total lipid extraction analyses (TLE) performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) on a group of depa vessels from the archaeological site of Küllüoba located in Eskişehir, Turkey, and re-evaluate at the possible purposes of these vessels. Biomolecules such as fatty acids, salicylic acids, organic acids, hydrocarbons, n-alkanes, and herbal steroids identified as a result of these analyzes provided the first direct evidence of the use of fermented products such as wine and herbal analgesics in Early Bronze Age Anatolia. Additionally, we present the first archaeological data of the period and the region regarding the use of salicylic acid.
Bu çalışma ile İç Anadolu'nun güneyinde Konya Havzası olarak tanımlanan coğrafi bölge içinde kalan yerleşimlerden ele geçen ve Erken Tunç Çağı'na tarihlendirilen, aynı teknikte üretilmiş özel bir çanak çömlek grubu olan "Metalik Çanak... more
Bu çalışma ile İç Anadolu'nun güneyinde Konya Havzası olarak tanımlanan coğrafi bölge içinde kalan yerleşimlerden ele geçen ve Erken Tunç Çağı'na tarihlendirilen, aynı teknikte üretilmiş özel bir çanak çömlek grubu olan "Metalik Çanak Çömlek" bütünlükçü bir yaklaşım ile ele alınmaktadır. Bu çanak çömlek grubu üzerine daha önce araştırmalar ve yayınlar yapılmış olmakla birlikte, bu çalışma detaylı bir kronolojik tipoloji, işlev tipolojisi ve yayılım alanı gibi hususların ilk defa ele alınması bakımından önem taşımaktadır. Makalede, yayınlanmış ve yayınlanmamış toplam 340 çanak çömlek örneği değerlendirilmiştir. Bu örnekler tipolojik, teknolojik ve kronolojik yönden kapsamlı olarak incelenmiştir. Yapılan incelemeler sonucunda bu çanak çömlek grubu için bir tipoloji oluşturulmuş, yayılım alanı ve kronolojik problemleri aydınlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca söz konusu bu çanak çömlek grubu için "Konya Havzası Metalik Çanak Çömleği (KHMÇÇ)" olarak yeni bir isim önerisi sunulmuştur.
Fourier-transform infrared, X-ray diffraction and chemometrics were used to characterize the mineralogical composition and firing conditions of 59 Early Bronze Age ceramic sherds from the Konya Plain (Turkey). These include the Konya... more
Fourier-transform infrared, X-ray diffraction and chemometrics were used to characterize the mineralogical composition and firing conditions of 59 Early Bronze Age ceramic sherds from the Konya Plain (Turkey). These include the Konya Basin Metallic Ware (KBMW) and a control group of contemporary local products. The analysis indicates significant differences in mineral inclusions and firing temperatures, with KBMW generally being fired above 800 C and characterized by standardized fabric recipes. Assessed together with other published evidence, these results indicate a high degree of specialization in the production of KBMW ceramic assemblages in central Anatolia during the third millennium BCE.
Küllüoba’da yapılan kazılarda ETÇ ve ETÇ’den OTÇ’ye Geçiş Dönemi tabakalarında bir grup içi boyalı seramik ele geçmiştir. Makale kapsamında AG22 ve U10 plankarelerinde bulunan ETÇ I ve ETÇ II dönemine tarihlenen 19 seramik parçası ile... more
Küllüoba’da yapılan kazılarda ETÇ ve ETÇ’den OTÇ’ye Geçiş Dönemi tabakalarında bir grup içi boyalı seramik ele geçmiştir. Makale kapsamında AG22 ve U10 plankarelerinde bulunan ETÇ I ve ETÇ II dönemine tarihlenen 19 seramik parçası ile üzerinde çalışılmış ve yayımlanmış ETÇ III ve OTÇ’ye Geçiş Dönemi’ne tarihlenen boyalı seramik örnekleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada bu seramik grubu bütünsel bir yaklaşımla ele alınarak; ayrıntılı bir form tipolojisi ve işlev tipolojisi yapılmış; kapların içini boyama geleneğinin kökeni araştırılmıştır. Yapılan incelemeler ve değerlendirmeler sonucunda bu seramik grubunun yayılım alanı ve kronolojik problemleri aydınlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Söz konusu malzemenin ele geçtiği tabakaların radyokarbon analizleri sonuçları da ilk defa sunulmuştur.