Plant Protection Science, 2021 (vol. 57), issue 2
Etiology, diagnostic approaches and management strategies of Acidovorax citrulli, a bacterial fruit blotch pathogen of cucurbitsReview
Ainur Ainiah Azman Husni, Siti Izera Ismail, Noraini Jaafar, Dzarifah Zulperi
Plant Protect. Sci., 2021, 57(2):75-94 | DOI: 10.17221/52/2020-PPS 
Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) caused by Acidovorax citrulli, represents one of the most destructing diseases of cucurbits, especially to watermelon- and melon producing-regions. This disease has been spread sporadically to many countries globally, due to the unintentionally dispersal of contaminated commercial seeds. The BFB causes massive yield losses up to 100% under conducive conditions. Once infected, all parts of the host plants are extremely susceptible to this bacterium, especially the seedlings and fruits parts. In recent years, various management...
The multifaceted plant-beneficial rhizobacteria toward agricultural sustainabilityReview
Oluwaseun Adeyinka Fasusi, Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
Plant Protect. Sci., 2021, 57(2):95-111 | DOI: 10.17221/130/2020-PPS
Agricultural practices depend mainly on the use of chemical fertilisers, pesticides, and herbicides which have caused serious health hazards and have also contributed to the pollution of the environment at large. The application of plant-beneficial rhizobacteria in agrarian practices has become paramount in increasing soil fertility, promoting plant growth, ensuring food safety, and increasing crop production to ensure sustainable agriculture. Beneficial rhizobacteria are soil microorganisms that are eco-friendly and serve as a modern method of improving the plant yield, protecting the plant and soil fertility that pose no harm to humans and the environment....
Screening of eggplant genotypes for resistance to bacterial wilt disease caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis Original Paper
Hatice Filiz Boyaci, Aylin Kabas, Yesim Aysan, Jaime Prohens
Plant Protect. Sci., 2021, 57(2):112-121 | DOI: 10.17221/105/2020-PPS
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) is one of the phytopathogenic bacteria causing bacterial wilt disease and severe yield losses in tomatoes and other solanaceous vegetables. Although there are some reports on Cmm infections in eggplants (Solanum melongena), there is no information available on the resistance sources and genetic control of the resistance to Cmm in this crop. We performed a search for resistance sources to Cmm in eggplants, in a set of 46 genotypes including landraces, inbred lines and cultivars and some cultivated and wild relatives, as well as an analysis...
Erwinia mallotivora is the causal agent of papaya bacterial crown rot disease in Lampung Timur, IndonesiaOriginal Paper
Radix Suharjo, Hani Anggrainy Oktaviana, Titik Nur Aeny, Cipta Ginting, Rachmansyah Arianto Wardhana, Ariyo Nugroho, Ratdiana Ratdiana
Plant Protect. Sci., 2021, 57(2):122-133 | DOI: 10.17221/123/2020-PPS
Sixteen bacterial strains showing oval, convex with a white colony colour were obtained from the water-soaked lesions on the petioles and leaves of infected papaya (cv. calina) collected from a papaya field in Lampung Timur, Indonesia. The pathogenicity test showed that all the strains produced the same symptoms with those found in the field. Four representative strains were then chosen for further investigation. The phenotypic characteristics revealed that the strains resembled Erwinia mallotivora. Two representative strains were further identified using a 16SrDNA sequence analysis. The result showed that the strains were placed...
Sphingolipids of plant pathogenic fungiOriginal Paper
Lucia Gharwalová, Markéta Kulišová, Anastasiia Vasyliuk, Helena Marešová, Andrea Palyzová, Linda Nedbalová, Irena Kolouchová
Plant Protect. Sci., 2021, 57(2):134-139 | DOI: 10.17221/131/2020-PPS
Glycosphingolipids in filamentous fungi are significant components of the plasma membrane and are vital for different cellular processes, such as growth, morphological transition or signal transduction. Fungal growth inhibitors targeting glycosylinositolphosphoceramide (GIPCs) biosynthesis or antifungal compounds binding to GIPCs present in membranes could present a safe way of preventing fungal growth on crops since GIPCs are not present in mammalian cells. Mass spectrometry-based shotgun lipidomics was used to analyze sphingolipids of 11 fungal strains isolated from plant material. Molecular species with inositol ceramides containing zero to five...
Amino acid changes during the early stages of tomato wilt disease (Verticillium albo-atrum)Original Paper
Geoffrey Richard Dixon
Plant Protect. Sci., 2021, 57(2):140-147 | DOI: 10.17221/136/2020-PPS
Soil-borne pathogens such as Verticillium species, invade into the roots of many herbaceous and woody hosts. The xylem environment supplies these pathogens with a continuous flow of nitrogen-rich nutrition. Detailed quantitative increases in amino acids in the stems, petioles, leaflets and roots of young tomato plants infected with Verticillium. albo-atrum the causal agent of wilt disease, are described in this paper for the first time. Results focus in particular on the vascular environment prior to the emergence of visual symptoms. Total amino acid concentrations in infected stems and petioles increased substantially...
Variation in the potential distribution of Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) globally and in Pakistan under current and future climatic conditionsOriginal Paper
Umer Hayat, Haiwen Qin, Jiaqiang Zhao, Muhammad Akram, Juan Shi, Zou Ya
Plant Protect. Sci., 2021, 57(2):148-158 | DOI: 10.17221/41/2020-PPS
Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous moth species that mainly damages various crops and ornamental plants. This widely distributed pest is particularly a nuisance in Pakistan where it damages many crops, e.g., wheat and vegetables. To assess the risk of damage by this moth, we used the CLIMEX model to predict the distribution of A. ipsilon under current and future climatic conditions. Using the literature data, we collected information on the biology and ecology of A. ipsilon relevant for modelling the distribution of this species in Pakistan and worldwide under current and future climatic...
Occurrence of native weed species on arable land - Effect of different environmental factorsOriginal Paper
Luděk Tyšer, Michaela Kolářová
Plant Protect. Sci., 2021, 57(2):159-166 | DOI: 10.17221/79/2020-PPS
Native species form a substantial part of arable weed communities. The objective of this survey was to study the occurrence of native species in arable fields in the Czech Republic related to applied management systems (conventional and organic farming), crops (winter cereals, spring cereals, wide-row crops) and environmental conditions at different altitudes. In 2006-2018, a phytocoenological survey (320 relevés) was performed across the Czech Republic. In total, 180 weed species were recorded, of which 43.33% were considered as native (78 species). The net effects of all the studied variables on the occurrence of native species were found as statistically...
Infestation of Norway spruce seedlings by Cryphalus asperatus: New threat for planting of forests?Short Communication
Tomáš Fiala, Jaroslav Holuša
Plant Protect. Sci., 2021, 57(2):167-170 | DOI: 10.17221/112/2020-PPS
Cryphalus asperatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) is described as an exceptional but important secondary pest of Norway spruce seedlings. Of the 10 000 seedlings transported to one location in the Ore Mountains, Central Europe in 2020, in total 1 500 seedlings were killed by C. asperatus. The infestation and death of seedlings probably resulted in part from the substantial local increase in the local abundance of C. asperatus after the sanitation felling of many Ips typographus-infested and otherwise damaged trees; the felled trees provided many branches suitable for C. asperatus feeding. In addition,...