Jonas Danckers, Claudio Cavazzuti e Maurizio Cattani (eds.), Facies e culture nell’età del Bronzo italiana? INSTITUT HISTORIQUE BELGE DE ROME ARTES / BELGISCH HISTORISCH INSTITUUT TE ROME ARTES XI, Bruxelles - Brussel - Roma, 2019
The beginning of the Late Bronze Age (Bz D/Bronzo Recente) that corresponds to the dawn of the Ur... more The beginning of the Late Bronze Age (Bz D/Bronzo Recente) that corresponds to the dawn of the Urnfield culture marks a new epoch in prehistory. At the end of the 14th and during the 13th century BC many novelties and innovations spread across Europe. Among them is the prevalence of cremation burials over inhumations. This paper presents new insights on the first cremation burials from the south-eastern Alpine region that appeared by the end of the Middle Bronze Age (Bz B2/C1). This paper particularly highlights the extraordinary analogies in the burial rites and ceramic inventories, most of all ums, from the south-eastern Alpine region and northern Carpathian basin. In this regard, also the relative evidence from selected urnfield cemeteries in ltaly is discussed. Tue observed analogies and the new radiocarbon dates serve as a starting point for a discussion on the correlation of separate Middle and Late Bronze Age phases in the mentioned areas.
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site of Podsmreka near Višnja Gora (Slovenia). Based on
the analysis of their pottery, it could be shown that the
graves can be dated to the Middle Bronze Age period (Br
B2/C1) and thus represent one of the oldest cremation
burials of the Bronze Age in Slovenia. First, the ceramic
finds from the radiocarbon dated settlement contexts are
discussed in order to reach a more exact chronological
framework for the vessel forms from graves. A synthesis
of all Middle Bronze Age graves, both inhumations and
cremations, from central and eastern Slovenia allows us
to get a better understanding of when the change in burial
practices occurred. Surprisingly, the best analogies for
the vessels from graves at Podsmreka near Višnja Gora
can be found in the northern Carpathian Basin, where we
observe a long-standing tradition of cremation burials.
The analysis of radiocarbon samples from two graves from
Šafárikovo in Slovakia allowed us to verify the absolute
chronology of urn amphorae vessels with particular form
and decoration, which we can date between the second
half of the 16th and the first half of the 15th century BC. Such
astonishing correspondences in the pottery between the
northern Carpathian Basin and the south-eastern Alpine
region seem to indicate that the very area of the Upper
Tisza river, and the territory of the Piliny Culture, played
a crucial role in the transmission of new burial practices,
not only to Slovenia, but also across wider areas along the
Sava and Drava rivers on the distribution area of the Virovitica
group.
of the most outstanding necropolises with several
hundred flat cremation burials on the territory between
the Po plain and the south-eastern Alpine region.
In addition to the manner of burial itself -
cremation - there are many similarities between the
archaeological record and finds from both sites. In
this short paper I focused my research on the olle –
smaller or rarely larger oval pots with a short everted
rim – as well as on their use within the specific funerary
practices. The analysis showed that in Ljubljana
there is no specific correlation between this particular
type of vessel and sex/age of the deceased. Moreover,
these vessels were most likely broken either before,
during or after the burial and did not serve as urns.
On the other hand, in Frattesina, where olle were used
as urns only in infant graves, no such specific implementation
in burial practices has been recorded.
Iron Age cemetery of Veliki Nerajec near Dragatuš in Bela
krajina are presented. The cemetery was excavated in the
years 1900, 1901 and 1903 by Jernej Pečnik, and the material
from all three excavations was sent to the Natural History
Museum in Vienna (Naturhistorisches Museum Wien). A
detailed revision of the material as well as archival sources
has shown that an error was made when inventorizing the
material from the so-called large tumulus, excavated in 1900,
and thirty graves, excavated in 1903. The material from both
excavations was in fact attributed only to the large tumulus,
while reports of Pečnik’s third excavation campaign in 1903
have remained overlooked till now.
site of Podsmreka near Višnja Gora (Slovenia). Based on
the analysis of their pottery, it could be shown that the
graves can be dated to the Middle Bronze Age period (Br
B2/C1) and thus represent one of the oldest cremation
burials of the Bronze Age in Slovenia. First, the ceramic
finds from the radiocarbon dated settlement contexts are
discussed in order to reach a more exact chronological
framework for the vessel forms from graves. A synthesis
of all Middle Bronze Age graves, both inhumations and
cremations, from central and eastern Slovenia allows us
to get a better understanding of when the change in burial
practices occurred. Surprisingly, the best analogies for
the vessels from graves at Podsmreka near Višnja Gora
can be found in the northern Carpathian Basin, where we
observe a long-standing tradition of cremation burials.
The analysis of radiocarbon samples from two graves from
Šafárikovo in Slovakia allowed us to verify the absolute
chronology of urn amphorae vessels with particular form
and decoration, which we can date between the second
half of the 16th and the first half of the 15th century BC. Such
astonishing correspondences in the pottery between the
northern Carpathian Basin and the south-eastern Alpine
region seem to indicate that the very area of the Upper
Tisza river, and the territory of the Piliny Culture, played
a crucial role in the transmission of new burial practices,
not only to Slovenia, but also across wider areas along the
Sava and Drava rivers on the distribution area of the Virovitica
group.
of the most outstanding necropolises with several
hundred flat cremation burials on the territory between
the Po plain and the south-eastern Alpine region.
In addition to the manner of burial itself -
cremation - there are many similarities between the
archaeological record and finds from both sites. In
this short paper I focused my research on the olle –
smaller or rarely larger oval pots with a short everted
rim – as well as on their use within the specific funerary
practices. The analysis showed that in Ljubljana
there is no specific correlation between this particular
type of vessel and sex/age of the deceased. Moreover,
these vessels were most likely broken either before,
during or after the burial and did not serve as urns.
On the other hand, in Frattesina, where olle were used
as urns only in infant graves, no such specific implementation
in burial practices has been recorded.
Iron Age cemetery of Veliki Nerajec near Dragatuš in Bela
krajina are presented. The cemetery was excavated in the
years 1900, 1901 and 1903 by Jernej Pečnik, and the material
from all three excavations was sent to the Natural History
Museum in Vienna (Naturhistorisches Museum Wien). A
detailed revision of the material as well as archival sources
has shown that an error was made when inventorizing the
material from the so-called large tumulus, excavated in 1900,
and thirty graves, excavated in 1903. The material from both
excavations was in fact attributed only to the large tumulus,
while reports of Pečnik’s third excavation campaign in 1903
have remained overlooked till now.