ⴰⴽⴰⵔⴷⵉⵏⴰⵍ
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ⴰⵢⵍⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴽⴰⵔⴷⵉⵏⴰⵍ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵙⴳ ⴰⴼⴰⵍⴽⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵢⵍⴰⵍⵏ ⴷⴳ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴷ ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵙⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵍⴰⵍⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵉⴷⵉⵔⵏ ⴷⴳ ⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⵜ , ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵊⴰⵔ ⴰⵢⵍⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⴰⴳⵏ . ⴰⵢⵍⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴽⴰⵔⴷⵉⵏⴰⵍ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⴳⵙ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⴽⵯⵍⴰⵏ ,ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⴰⵢⵍⴰⵍⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴱⵍⴰⵖ , ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⴰⵖⵏⴱⵓ ⴰⴳⵣⵣⴰⵍ ⵓⵙⴷⴰⴷ ⴷ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⴰⴽⵯⵍⵓ ⴰⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖ ⵉⵙⵙⵓⵜⵍ ⵉ ⵡⵓⴷⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⴽⵯⵍⵓ ⴰⴱⵕⴽⴰⵏ , ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴼⴽⴽⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ , ⵜⵢⵉⵡⴹ ⵜⵖⵣⴰⴼⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ 25 ⴰⵔ 31 ⵙⴰⵏⵜⵉⵎ ,
ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵜⵥⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⵔⵜⵉⵏ, ⵢⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⴳⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵉⴼⵔ ⴰⵍⵡⵡⴰⵖ ⵉⴱⴻⴷⴷⴰⵏ، ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⴰⴹⴰⵕ ⴰⵖⵣⴼⴰⵏ. ⵜⵉⵡⴹ ⵜⵉⴷⴷⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵊⴰⵔ 21 ⴰⵔ 23 ⵙⴰⵏⵜⵉⵎ , ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⵡⴹ ⵜⵖⵣⴰⴼⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ 8.75 ⵏⵉⴳ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⴷⴰⵙⵜ . ⵢⵏⵊⵎ ⴳ ⵓⴱⴹⴹⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵢⵍⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴽⴰⵔⴷⵉⵏⴰⵍ ⵅⴼ ⵓⵎⵜⵎ ⵙ ⵓⴽⵯⵍⵓ ⴰⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖ ⴰⵍⵎⵎⴰⵄ ⴷⴳⵙ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵔⵔⵉⵛ ⵙ ⵓⴽⵯⵍⵓ ⴰⴱⵕⴽⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵟⵟⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ ⴰⴷⵎⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ,ⵖⵓⵔ ⴰⵡⵜⵎ ⵙ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵡⵜⵎⵜ، ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴰⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⵥⵉⵍ ⵙ ⵓⴽⵯⵍⵓ ⴰⵎⵖⴷⵓⴷⵉ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵇⵀⵡⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵉⴹⴰⵕ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵉⵣⴳⴳⵯⴰⵖⵏ. ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵡⴰⵢⵍⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴽⴰⵔⴷⵉⵏⴰⵍ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴰⴼⴰⵍⴽⴰⵢ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵔⴱⴰⵄⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵏⵚⴳ ⵉⵣⴷⴷⵉⴳⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵜⵙⴽⵯⴼⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵍⵉ ⴷⴳ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵚⵉⵏⵚⴳ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵉⵣⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵙⵙⴰⵙⵜ، ⴰⵡⴷ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵣⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴽⴰⵔⴷⵉⵏⴰⵍ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⵢⵓⵛⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵉ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵢⴰⴼⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵜⵛⵉ ⴳ ⴰⴳⴹⴼ (ⵍⵄⵛⵛ) , ⴷⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⵡⵉⵙⵏ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵍⵉⵜ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵣⵖⵣⴼ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴽⴰⵔⴷⵉⵏⴰⵍ ⴰⵊⵏⵏⵉⵊ ⵓⴳⴰⵔ , ⴷⴰ ⵢⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵖⵓⵔⵙ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵔ ⴰⵡⵜⵎ. ⵢⵜⵛⴰⵜⴰ ⵡⴰⵢⵍⴰⵍ ⵖⴰⴼ ⵜⴰⵔⴱⴰⵄⵜ ⵉⵏⵅⴰⵍⴼⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵡⵓⵜⵛⵉⵜⵏ ⴰⵎ : ⵜⵉⵏⴼⵓⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵉⵊⴷⵊⵉⴳⵏ ⴷ ⵍⴼⴰⴽⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴱⵅⵅⵓⵜⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵥⵓⵕⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⴷⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵣⵣⴱⵉⴱ ⴷ ⵓⴷⴼⴼⵓ ⴷ ⴰⵖⵔⵓⵎ . ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵙⵓⴽ ⵜⴰⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴽⴰⵔⴷⵉⵏⴰⵍ ⴰⵅⵅⴰⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⵓⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⴳⵉⵏ ,ⴷⴰ ⵜⵙⴹⴰⵕ ⵙⴳ 2 ⴰⵔ 6 ⵜⵉⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵉⴽⵯⵏⴰⵏ ⵎⵅⴰⵍⴼⵏ ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⵥⵉⵍ ⵙ ⵓⴽⵯⵍⵓ ⴰⴽⵔⵉⵎⵉ ⴰⴱⵕⴱⴰⵛ ⴳ ⵓⴽⵯⵍⵓ ⵊⴰⵔ ⴰⵣⵎⵣ ⵢⵉⵡⴹⵏ ⵊⴰⵔ 11 ⴰⵔ 13 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴷⴰ ⵢⵜⵜⵎⵢⴰⵡⴰⴹ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵓⵢⴰ ⴰⵡⵜⵎ ⵉⵙⴳⵎⵉ ⵜⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ 12 ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⴷⴰ ⵙⵙⵓⵜⵛⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵔⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵉⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏⵏ ,ⴷⴰ ⵜⴱⵏⵏⵓ ⵜⵡⵜⵎⵜ ⴰⴳⴹⴼ ⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵃⵢⵢⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴰⵢ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ. ⴷⴰ ⵢⵜⵜⵉⵍⵉ ⵉ ⵓⴽⴰⵔⴷⵉⵏⴰⵍ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⵜⵙⴹⵔⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵊⴰⵔ ⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵍ ⴷ ⵖⵓⵛⵜ ⴳ ⴽⵓⵍ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ، ⵎⴽ ⵢⵙⵙⵜⴰⵏ ⵓⵡⵜⵎ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵎⴳⴰⵍ ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⵉⴹⵏ . ⵉⴳ ⵢⵥⵕⴰ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵙⵙⵉⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵊⵊⴰⵊ ⵏⵖ ⴰⵎⴰⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵢⵜⵜⵎⴰⵖ ⴷⵉⴷⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵓⴳⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵔⴰⴳⵉⵏ. ⵢⵔⵡⴰⵙ ⵡⴰⵢⵍⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴽⴰⵔⴷⵉⵏⴰⵍ ⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴳⵯⵎⴰⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵢⵍⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴽⴰⵔⴷⵉⵏⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵖⵓⵔ ⴰⵖⵏⴱⵓ ⴰⵡⵔⴰⵖ .
References
[ⵙⵏⴼⵍ | ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ]- Stiles and Skutch, A guide to the birds of Costa Rica ISBN 9780801496004
- Hilty, Birds of Venezuela, ISBN 0-7136-6418-5
- ffrench, Birds of Trinidad and Tobago ISBN 0-7136-6759-1
- "National Geographic" Field Guide to the Birds of North America ISBN 0792268776
- Klicka, Burns & Spellman. Defining a monophyletic Cardinalidae: a molecular perspective. [1]. p. 36