Papers by Amany A. A R Mohamed
Acta Histochemica, 2015
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Acta Histochemica, 2015
This study is aimed to evaluate the possible neurotoxic effect of tartrazine (T), an extensively ... more This study is aimed to evaluate the possible neurotoxic effect of tartrazine (T), an extensively used synthetic azo dye, as well as to determine the potential modulatory role of cod liver oil (CLO) or royal jelly (RJ) against such effects. For this purpose, thirty-six male rat pups were allocated into six groups. The 1st group received distilled water (control group), the 2nd group was given 300mg RJ/kg bw (RJ group), the 3rd group was given 0.4ml CLO/kg bw (CLO group), the 4th was given 500mg T/kg bw (T group). The 5th group was given T concurrently with RJ (TRJ group) and the 6th group was given T concurrently with CLO (TCLO group), at the same doses as the former groups. All treatments were given orally for 30 consecutive days. The concentrations of different brain neurotransmitters, gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5HT) as well as the antioxidant and oxidative stress biomarkers were measured in the brain homogenates. An immunohistochemical staining of the cerebral cortex was applied with the anti-ssDNA antibody (an apoptotic cell marker) to reveal the changes in brain structure. The T group revealed a significant decrease in the concentration of the brain neurotransmitters, a sharp shortage in the level of antioxidant biomarkers (super oxide dismutase, catalase and the reduced glutathione), a marked increase in malondialdehyde levels, and numerous apoptotic cells in the brain cortex compared with the other groups. Interestingly, all the previously mentioned parameters were almost retrieved in both the TRJ and TCLO groups compared to the T group. These results conclusively demonstrate that RJ and CLO administration provides sufficient protection against the ruinous effects of T on rat pups brain tissue function and structure.
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The present study was conducted to investigate the hazardous effect of Acrylamide (ACR) on male a... more The present study was conducted to investigate the hazardous effect of Acrylamide (ACR) on male albino rats. A total of about 50 mature male albino rats randomly divided into equal five groups , the first group kept as control, the second group " low dosed group" administered 7.5 mg Acrylamide/kg.b.wt for 65 days, the third group " medium dosed group" administered 10 mg Acrylamide/kg.b.wt, the fourth group " high dosed group" administered 30 mg Acrylamide/kg.b.wt every other day by oral gavage for 65 days and the fifth group " chips group" administered two packets of chips (65 gm each) for 65 days every other day. At the end of the experiment, all animals were sacrificed and serum was obtained for estimation of male reproductive hormones (LH and testosterone), then testis, seminal vesicle and prostate were weighted then fixed in formaline for histopatholoical study and then one testis of each rat were kept at-200c for quantitative determinatio...
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INTRODUCTION Tareke et al., (2002) reported that acrylamide (ACR) monomer is formed in certain fo... more INTRODUCTION Tareke et al., (2002) reported that acrylamide (ACR) monomer is formed in certain foods cooked at high temperatures. The highest concentrations of acrylamide have been identified in potato and grain-based foods that are cooked at very high temperatures (e.g., frying, grilling or baking). Acrylamide levels as high as 3500 mg/kg have been reported in potato chips and French fries. Acrylamide is thought to be formed in food principally from the interaction of the amino acid asparagine with glucose or other carbohydrates. ACR has been extensively investigated and has a large database of very complex toxicity, pharmacokinetic and mode of action studies. The results of the animal toxicity studies indicate that acrylamide is carcinogenic in rodents and produces toxic effects on the reproductive and nervous systems and also the neurotoxicity has been demonstrated in both animals and humans. Angelo Carere, (2006) reported that Acrylamide has been produced since the 1950 by hydra...
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INTRODUCTION Cancer is a major public health threatening disease in developed countries and is st... more INTRODUCTION Cancer is a major public health threatening disease in developed countries and is still one of the most serious causes of death worldwide with no major progress in reducing its morbidity and mortality (Tan et al., 2006). Chemotherapeutic agents are medications that destroy dividing cancer cells by targeting different phases in the cancer cell’s life cycle. Since various agents attack the cancer cell differently, they are commonly given in combination for maximum beneficial effect. Chemotherapy is designed to kill rapidly dividing cancer cells; it can also attack other rapidly dividing cells within the body. Hair, skin, nails, gastrointestinal tract and bone marrow are under assault. This hit on non-cancer cells is what leads to the most common side effects of chemotherapy (Bryant, 2003). The use of chemical agents to destroy cancer cells is a mainstay in the treatment of malignancies. The possible role in treating illness was discovered when bone marrow suppressive effe...
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ABSTRACT The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of Mesna, Quercetin an... more ABSTRACT The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of Mesna, Quercetin and Aged garlic extract (AGE) for Bleomycin-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage and the change in lung index weight (LI) in male albino rats. Forty eight adult Male albino rats were randomly classified into eight groups, six animals in each: the first group, negative control, administered normal physiological saline, the second, third and forth, positive control groups, administered Mesna (30 mg /kg b.wt), Quercetin (QE) (180 mg /kg b.wt) , by intraperitoneal injection (I/P) and Aged garlic extract (AGE) (2 mg /kg b.wt) orally via stomach tube. The fifth group dosed with BLM (15 mg /kg b.wt), the sixth,seventh and eighth, administered QE+BLM , Mesna+BLM and AGE+BLM respectively, three times weekly for 4 weeks. Animals were weighted then scarified after termination of the experimental period. The sera were separated for estimation of 8-hydroxy 2-deoxy guanisine (8-OHdG).The lungs were weig...
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The aim of the present study was to explore the potential hematotoxic and immunotoxic effects of ... more The aim of the present study was to explore the potential hematotoxic and immunotoxic effects of melamine (MA) in the absence and presence of formaldehyde (FA) in mice. Forty adult Swiss mice were equally
allocated into four groups and daily treated with water, MA (50 mg/kg), FA (25 mg/kg), and MA þ FA
respectively via feeding needle for 60 consecutive days. Hematological status was evaluated using erythrogram and leukogram profiling. Innate immune functions were assessed by measuring white blood cells
lysozyme and phagocytic activities. Serum immunoglobulin levels were evaluated as indicators of humoral
immunity. In addition, histologic and immunohistochemical evaluations of splenic tissues were performed.
The results indicated that either MA or FA treatment resulted in significant decreases in RBCs, Hb, MCHC,
total WBC, lymphocyte, and basophile levels as well as in WBCs phagocytosis and lysozyme activity. In contrast, MCV, PCV%, and reticulocyte levels were significantly increased in these hosts. The total IgM level
was significantly reduced in the MA-only-exposed mice but markedly increased in the FA-only-treated
ones. A significant decrease in serum IgG levels was detected following either MA or FA treatment. The
combined exposure to MA and FA, compared to levels of either toxicant alone, was revealed to evoke a
significant improvement in Hb, PCV%, MCV, MCHC, neutrophil, eosinophil, total IgM level, and lysozyme
activity; however these values did not reach that of the controls. Furthermore, compared to control mice,
both MA-only- and FA-only-treated mice showed a strong distribution of CD4 þ and CD8 þ cells in their
spleens, while a moderate presence of the former cells was obvious at their co-exposure. Taken together,
these findings revealed that exposure to MA or FA resulted in significant alterations in hemato-immune
parameters at variable degrees while a co-exposure resulted in the mitigation of most effects of either
toxicant alone.
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The current study aimed to afford baseline information on the level of twenty one
organochlorine ... more The current study aimed to afford baseline information on the level of twenty one
organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and four heavy metals in muscles of Oreochromis niloticus
and Mugil cephallus. This will help elucidating the present status as chemical contaminants
in the fish species. A total number of thirty fish from each species were collected to set up
this study. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis.niloticus), was noticed to contain higher levels of most
estimated types of ∑ HCH in (40% of Tilapia) and ∑ CHLRs. While Mullet (Mugil cephallus)
was higher only in DDTs. Meanwhile, ∑ HCB, ∑ DRINs and ∑ HPTs were the lowest. The
recorded results demonstrated that organochlorines were within the permissible limit
according to FAO except for the CHLRs, it exceeds the permissible limit in 100% (N=30) of
tested samples of Nile tilapia for all isomer. The analytical data obtained from such study
declared that the level of Cd, Zn and Cu were significantly (p≤ 0.05) higher in Mullet than
Tilapia but vice versa for Pb. It was evident, that all the detected metals were within the
permissible limits according to FAO and WHO. Except for Zn, It exceeded the permissible
limits in 50% of the analyzed samples in Mullet.
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Currently, there are limited toxicological data available for fipronil exposure effect on
Japanes... more Currently, there are limited toxicological data available for fipronil exposure effect on
Japanese quail. The aim of the current study was to assess the toxicological effects on
tissue histopathology and clinical biochemistry in a 15-day gavage study of fipronil as
well as studying the physiological recovery of a 60-day depuration period after exposure
in the Japanese quail. Relative liver and kidney weights in fipronil and recovery groups
were non significantly changed than control. Histological changes in the liver and kidney
were observed at fipronil group and recovery groups which showed restoration of the
histoarchitecture particularly in an off dose 45 and 60 days groups. These changes were
accompanied by clinical changes in the serum enzyme markers such as alanine transaminase
(ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase
(LDH). Clinical biochemistry markers for kidney were not altered in all groups, except
creatinine level which showed a significant elevation in fipronil group only, although the
presence of histological changes. Our results showed that fipronil exposure had a profound
negative influence on the liver not in kidney injury indices and also on histological changes
of Japanese quail liver and kidney tissues. Also, such changes were reversed after an off-dose
period of 30 and 45 days.
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Species identification is crucial, especially in animal biodiversity protection, veterinary diagn... more Species identification is crucial, especially in animal biodiversity protection, veterinary diagnostics and for food samples control in the food industry. This study was carried out to evaluate, Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for detection of cow's milk and butter in buffalo's milk and butter, using universal primers. A total number of 100 milk and butter samples were collected from local market (50 of each) to apply this study. To evaluate the sensitivity of PCR-RFLP method, using model samples made from buffalo's milk containing defined percentages of cow's milk, which revealed the fitness of method till 5% adulteration. The obtained results revealed that the RFLP profiles of cytochrome b fragments displayed milk and milk products species-specific when digested separately with restriction endonuclease Hinf I revealed 150, 210 and 360bp in case of cow product while in buffalo product produced uncut fragment 360bp. 50% and 66% of the examined raw milk and butter samples, respectively were proven to be pure buffalo's. In conclusion, the PCR-RFLP assay is a reliable technique for products inspection to detect cow's genome in buffalo's milk and fat with a detection limit of 5%.
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This study is aimed to evaluate the possible neurotoxic effect of tartrazine (T), an extensively ... more This study is aimed to evaluate the possible neurotoxic effect of tartrazine (T), an extensively used synthetic azo dye, as well as to determine the potential modulatory role of cod liver oil (CLO) or royal jelly
(RJ) against such effects. For this purpose, thirty-six male rat pups were allocated into six groups. The
1st group received distilled water (control group), the 2nd group was given 300 mg RJ/kg bw (RJ group),
the 3rd group was given 0.4 ml CLO/kg bw (CLO group), the 4th was given 500 mg T/kg bw (T group).
The 5th group was given T concurrently with RJ (TRJ group) and the 6th group was given T concurrently
with CLO (TCLO group), at the same doses as the former groups. All treatments were given orally for 30
consecutive days. The concentrations of different brain neurotransmitters, gamma amino butyric acid
(GABA), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5HT) as well as the antioxidant and oxidative stress biomarkers
were measured in the brain homogenates. An immunohistochemical staining of the cerebral cortex was
applied with the anti-ssDNA antibody (an apoptotic cell marker) to reveal the changes in brain structure. The T group revealed a significant decrease in the concentration of the brain neurotransmitters, a
sharp shortage in the level of antioxidant biomarkers (super oxide dismutase, catalase and the reduced
glutathione), a marked increase in malondialdehyde levels, and numerous apoptotic cells in the brain
cortex compared with the other groups. Interestingly, all the previously mentioned parameters were
almost retrieved in both the TRJ and TCLO groups compared to the T group. These results conclusively
demonstrate that RJ and CLO administration provides sufficient protection against the ruinous effects of
T on rat pups brain tissue function and structure.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
The aim of the present study was to explore the potential hematotoxic and immunotoxic effects of ... more The aim of the present study was to explore the potential hematotoxic and immunotoxic effects of melamine (MA) in the absence and presence of formaldehyde (FA) in mice. Forty adult Swiss mice were equally allocated into four groups and daily treated with water, MA (50 mg/kg), FA (25 mg/kg), and MA/ FA respectively via feeding needle for 60 consecutive days. Hematological status was evaluated using erythrogram and leukogram profiling. Innate immune functions were assessed by measuring white blood cells lysozyme and phagocytic activities. Serum immunoglobulin levels were evaluated as indicators of humoral immunity. In addition, histologic and immunohistochemical evaluations of splenic tissues were performed. The results indicated that either MA or FA treatment resulted in significant decreases in RBCs, Hb, MCHC, total WBC, lymphocyte, and basophile levels as well as in WBCs phagocytosis and lysozyme activity. In contrast, MCV, PCV%, and reticulocyte levels were significantly increased in these hosts. The total IgM level was significantly reduced in the MA-only-exposed mice but markedly increased in the FA-only-treated ones. A significant decrease in serum IgG levels was detected following either MA or FA treatment. The combined exposure to MA and FA, compared to levels of either toxicant alone, was revealed to evoke a significant improvement in Hb, PCV%, MCV, MCHC, neutrophil, eosinophil, total IgM level, and lysozyme activity; however these values did not reach that of the controls. Furthermore, compared to control mice, both MA-only- and FA-only-treated mice showed a strong distribution of CD4þ and CD8þ cells in their spleens, while a moderate presence of the former cells was obvious at their co-exposure. Taken together, these findings revealed that exposure to MA or FA resulted in significant alterations in hemato-immune parameters at variable degrees while a co-exposure resulted in the mitigation of most effects of either toxicant alone.
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Drafts by Amany A. A R Mohamed
This study aimed to evaluate the adverse effects of the insecticide imidacloprid (IMI) on male sp... more This study aimed to evaluate the adverse effects of the insecticide imidacloprid (IMI) on male spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis, and DNA damage in sexually mature and immature rats. Forty male rats
(mature and immature) were equally divided into four groups: two mature and two immature groups.
IMI groups of both ages were orally administered IMI in corn oil at a concentration of 1 mg/mL for kg BW/
day, whereas their respective controls were orally administered corn oil only (1 mL/kg of body weight)
daily for 65 days. On day 66, the rats were lightly anesthetized and then euthanized by cervical dislocation. Whole blood was collected for hemogram, serum for hormonal profile, semen for sperm profile,
and testes for gene expression and histopathological, and immunohistochemical examinations. The
obtained results revealed that both sexually mature and immature rats orally exposed to IMI showed
serious abnormalities in sperm morphology and concentrations, with an imbalance of sexual hormones.
There were increases in the level of serum 8-hydroxy-2 0-deoxyguanosine and in the percentage of comet
(tailed) sperm DNA in the IMI-treated groups. The results exhibited the upregulation of a DNA damage
tolerance gene (8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1) and downregulation of the activity of steroidogenic genes
(nuclear receptor subfamily 5, group A, member 1 and 3b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase). Immunohistochemical examination of the B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X apoptotic protein in testicular sections
showed various degrees of apoptosis in the spermatogonial cells of the IMI-treated rats compared to the
control groups. These damaging effects of IMI were more pronounced in the sexually mature rats than in
the immature rats. In conclusion, despite using a low dose of IMI in the present study, there were
noticeable harmful consequences on the reproductive system at different stages of sexual maturity in
male rats.
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Papers by Amany A. A R Mohamed
allocated into four groups and daily treated with water, MA (50 mg/kg), FA (25 mg/kg), and MA þ FA
respectively via feeding needle for 60 consecutive days. Hematological status was evaluated using erythrogram and leukogram profiling. Innate immune functions were assessed by measuring white blood cells
lysozyme and phagocytic activities. Serum immunoglobulin levels were evaluated as indicators of humoral
immunity. In addition, histologic and immunohistochemical evaluations of splenic tissues were performed.
The results indicated that either MA or FA treatment resulted in significant decreases in RBCs, Hb, MCHC,
total WBC, lymphocyte, and basophile levels as well as in WBCs phagocytosis and lysozyme activity. In contrast, MCV, PCV%, and reticulocyte levels were significantly increased in these hosts. The total IgM level
was significantly reduced in the MA-only-exposed mice but markedly increased in the FA-only-treated
ones. A significant decrease in serum IgG levels was detected following either MA or FA treatment. The
combined exposure to MA and FA, compared to levels of either toxicant alone, was revealed to evoke a
significant improvement in Hb, PCV%, MCV, MCHC, neutrophil, eosinophil, total IgM level, and lysozyme
activity; however these values did not reach that of the controls. Furthermore, compared to control mice,
both MA-only- and FA-only-treated mice showed a strong distribution of CD4 þ and CD8 þ cells in their
spleens, while a moderate presence of the former cells was obvious at their co-exposure. Taken together,
these findings revealed that exposure to MA or FA resulted in significant alterations in hemato-immune
parameters at variable degrees while a co-exposure resulted in the mitigation of most effects of either
toxicant alone.
organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and four heavy metals in muscles of Oreochromis niloticus
and Mugil cephallus. This will help elucidating the present status as chemical contaminants
in the fish species. A total number of thirty fish from each species were collected to set up
this study. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis.niloticus), was noticed to contain higher levels of most
estimated types of ∑ HCH in (40% of Tilapia) and ∑ CHLRs. While Mullet (Mugil cephallus)
was higher only in DDTs. Meanwhile, ∑ HCB, ∑ DRINs and ∑ HPTs were the lowest. The
recorded results demonstrated that organochlorines were within the permissible limit
according to FAO except for the CHLRs, it exceeds the permissible limit in 100% (N=30) of
tested samples of Nile tilapia for all isomer. The analytical data obtained from such study
declared that the level of Cd, Zn and Cu were significantly (p≤ 0.05) higher in Mullet than
Tilapia but vice versa for Pb. It was evident, that all the detected metals were within the
permissible limits according to FAO and WHO. Except for Zn, It exceeded the permissible
limits in 50% of the analyzed samples in Mullet.
Japanese quail. The aim of the current study was to assess the toxicological effects on
tissue histopathology and clinical biochemistry in a 15-day gavage study of fipronil as
well as studying the physiological recovery of a 60-day depuration period after exposure
in the Japanese quail. Relative liver and kidney weights in fipronil and recovery groups
were non significantly changed than control. Histological changes in the liver and kidney
were observed at fipronil group and recovery groups which showed restoration of the
histoarchitecture particularly in an off dose 45 and 60 days groups. These changes were
accompanied by clinical changes in the serum enzyme markers such as alanine transaminase
(ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase
(LDH). Clinical biochemistry markers for kidney were not altered in all groups, except
creatinine level which showed a significant elevation in fipronil group only, although the
presence of histological changes. Our results showed that fipronil exposure had a profound
negative influence on the liver not in kidney injury indices and also on histological changes
of Japanese quail liver and kidney tissues. Also, such changes were reversed after an off-dose
period of 30 and 45 days.
(RJ) against such effects. For this purpose, thirty-six male rat pups were allocated into six groups. The
1st group received distilled water (control group), the 2nd group was given 300 mg RJ/kg bw (RJ group),
the 3rd group was given 0.4 ml CLO/kg bw (CLO group), the 4th was given 500 mg T/kg bw (T group).
The 5th group was given T concurrently with RJ (TRJ group) and the 6th group was given T concurrently
with CLO (TCLO group), at the same doses as the former groups. All treatments were given orally for 30
consecutive days. The concentrations of different brain neurotransmitters, gamma amino butyric acid
(GABA), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5HT) as well as the antioxidant and oxidative stress biomarkers
were measured in the brain homogenates. An immunohistochemical staining of the cerebral cortex was
applied with the anti-ssDNA antibody (an apoptotic cell marker) to reveal the changes in brain structure. The T group revealed a significant decrease in the concentration of the brain neurotransmitters, a
sharp shortage in the level of antioxidant biomarkers (super oxide dismutase, catalase and the reduced
glutathione), a marked increase in malondialdehyde levels, and numerous apoptotic cells in the brain
cortex compared with the other groups. Interestingly, all the previously mentioned parameters were
almost retrieved in both the TRJ and TCLO groups compared to the T group. These results conclusively
demonstrate that RJ and CLO administration provides sufficient protection against the ruinous effects of
T on rat pups brain tissue function and structure.
Drafts by Amany A. A R Mohamed
(mature and immature) were equally divided into four groups: two mature and two immature groups.
IMI groups of both ages were orally administered IMI in corn oil at a concentration of 1 mg/mL for kg BW/
day, whereas their respective controls were orally administered corn oil only (1 mL/kg of body weight)
daily for 65 days. On day 66, the rats were lightly anesthetized and then euthanized by cervical dislocation. Whole blood was collected for hemogram, serum for hormonal profile, semen for sperm profile,
and testes for gene expression and histopathological, and immunohistochemical examinations. The
obtained results revealed that both sexually mature and immature rats orally exposed to IMI showed
serious abnormalities in sperm morphology and concentrations, with an imbalance of sexual hormones.
There were increases in the level of serum 8-hydroxy-2 0-deoxyguanosine and in the percentage of comet
(tailed) sperm DNA in the IMI-treated groups. The results exhibited the upregulation of a DNA damage
tolerance gene (8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1) and downregulation of the activity of steroidogenic genes
(nuclear receptor subfamily 5, group A, member 1 and 3b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase). Immunohistochemical examination of the B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X apoptotic protein in testicular sections
showed various degrees of apoptosis in the spermatogonial cells of the IMI-treated rats compared to the
control groups. These damaging effects of IMI were more pronounced in the sexually mature rats than in
the immature rats. In conclusion, despite using a low dose of IMI in the present study, there were
noticeable harmful consequences on the reproductive system at different stages of sexual maturity in
male rats.
allocated into four groups and daily treated with water, MA (50 mg/kg), FA (25 mg/kg), and MA þ FA
respectively via feeding needle for 60 consecutive days. Hematological status was evaluated using erythrogram and leukogram profiling. Innate immune functions were assessed by measuring white blood cells
lysozyme and phagocytic activities. Serum immunoglobulin levels were evaluated as indicators of humoral
immunity. In addition, histologic and immunohistochemical evaluations of splenic tissues were performed.
The results indicated that either MA or FA treatment resulted in significant decreases in RBCs, Hb, MCHC,
total WBC, lymphocyte, and basophile levels as well as in WBCs phagocytosis and lysozyme activity. In contrast, MCV, PCV%, and reticulocyte levels were significantly increased in these hosts. The total IgM level
was significantly reduced in the MA-only-exposed mice but markedly increased in the FA-only-treated
ones. A significant decrease in serum IgG levels was detected following either MA or FA treatment. The
combined exposure to MA and FA, compared to levels of either toxicant alone, was revealed to evoke a
significant improvement in Hb, PCV%, MCV, MCHC, neutrophil, eosinophil, total IgM level, and lysozyme
activity; however these values did not reach that of the controls. Furthermore, compared to control mice,
both MA-only- and FA-only-treated mice showed a strong distribution of CD4 þ and CD8 þ cells in their
spleens, while a moderate presence of the former cells was obvious at their co-exposure. Taken together,
these findings revealed that exposure to MA or FA resulted in significant alterations in hemato-immune
parameters at variable degrees while a co-exposure resulted in the mitigation of most effects of either
toxicant alone.
organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and four heavy metals in muscles of Oreochromis niloticus
and Mugil cephallus. This will help elucidating the present status as chemical contaminants
in the fish species. A total number of thirty fish from each species were collected to set up
this study. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis.niloticus), was noticed to contain higher levels of most
estimated types of ∑ HCH in (40% of Tilapia) and ∑ CHLRs. While Mullet (Mugil cephallus)
was higher only in DDTs. Meanwhile, ∑ HCB, ∑ DRINs and ∑ HPTs were the lowest. The
recorded results demonstrated that organochlorines were within the permissible limit
according to FAO except for the CHLRs, it exceeds the permissible limit in 100% (N=30) of
tested samples of Nile tilapia for all isomer. The analytical data obtained from such study
declared that the level of Cd, Zn and Cu were significantly (p≤ 0.05) higher in Mullet than
Tilapia but vice versa for Pb. It was evident, that all the detected metals were within the
permissible limits according to FAO and WHO. Except for Zn, It exceeded the permissible
limits in 50% of the analyzed samples in Mullet.
Japanese quail. The aim of the current study was to assess the toxicological effects on
tissue histopathology and clinical biochemistry in a 15-day gavage study of fipronil as
well as studying the physiological recovery of a 60-day depuration period after exposure
in the Japanese quail. Relative liver and kidney weights in fipronil and recovery groups
were non significantly changed than control. Histological changes in the liver and kidney
were observed at fipronil group and recovery groups which showed restoration of the
histoarchitecture particularly in an off dose 45 and 60 days groups. These changes were
accompanied by clinical changes in the serum enzyme markers such as alanine transaminase
(ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase
(LDH). Clinical biochemistry markers for kidney were not altered in all groups, except
creatinine level which showed a significant elevation in fipronil group only, although the
presence of histological changes. Our results showed that fipronil exposure had a profound
negative influence on the liver not in kidney injury indices and also on histological changes
of Japanese quail liver and kidney tissues. Also, such changes were reversed after an off-dose
period of 30 and 45 days.
(RJ) against such effects. For this purpose, thirty-six male rat pups were allocated into six groups. The
1st group received distilled water (control group), the 2nd group was given 300 mg RJ/kg bw (RJ group),
the 3rd group was given 0.4 ml CLO/kg bw (CLO group), the 4th was given 500 mg T/kg bw (T group).
The 5th group was given T concurrently with RJ (TRJ group) and the 6th group was given T concurrently
with CLO (TCLO group), at the same doses as the former groups. All treatments were given orally for 30
consecutive days. The concentrations of different brain neurotransmitters, gamma amino butyric acid
(GABA), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5HT) as well as the antioxidant and oxidative stress biomarkers
were measured in the brain homogenates. An immunohistochemical staining of the cerebral cortex was
applied with the anti-ssDNA antibody (an apoptotic cell marker) to reveal the changes in brain structure. The T group revealed a significant decrease in the concentration of the brain neurotransmitters, a
sharp shortage in the level of antioxidant biomarkers (super oxide dismutase, catalase and the reduced
glutathione), a marked increase in malondialdehyde levels, and numerous apoptotic cells in the brain
cortex compared with the other groups. Interestingly, all the previously mentioned parameters were
almost retrieved in both the TRJ and TCLO groups compared to the T group. These results conclusively
demonstrate that RJ and CLO administration provides sufficient protection against the ruinous effects of
T on rat pups brain tissue function and structure.
(mature and immature) were equally divided into four groups: two mature and two immature groups.
IMI groups of both ages were orally administered IMI in corn oil at a concentration of 1 mg/mL for kg BW/
day, whereas their respective controls were orally administered corn oil only (1 mL/kg of body weight)
daily for 65 days. On day 66, the rats were lightly anesthetized and then euthanized by cervical dislocation. Whole blood was collected for hemogram, serum for hormonal profile, semen for sperm profile,
and testes for gene expression and histopathological, and immunohistochemical examinations. The
obtained results revealed that both sexually mature and immature rats orally exposed to IMI showed
serious abnormalities in sperm morphology and concentrations, with an imbalance of sexual hormones.
There were increases in the level of serum 8-hydroxy-2 0-deoxyguanosine and in the percentage of comet
(tailed) sperm DNA in the IMI-treated groups. The results exhibited the upregulation of a DNA damage
tolerance gene (8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1) and downregulation of the activity of steroidogenic genes
(nuclear receptor subfamily 5, group A, member 1 and 3b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase). Immunohistochemical examination of the B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X apoptotic protein in testicular sections
showed various degrees of apoptosis in the spermatogonial cells of the IMI-treated rats compared to the
control groups. These damaging effects of IMI were more pronounced in the sexually mature rats than in
the immature rats. In conclusion, despite using a low dose of IMI in the present study, there were
noticeable harmful consequences on the reproductive system at different stages of sexual maturity in
male rats.