1980'lerden itibaren yaşanan ekonomik yapılanma sürecinin sonunda esnek üretim, işgücünün me... more 1980'lerden itibaren yaşanan ekonomik yapılanma sürecinin sonunda esnek üretim, işgücünün mekansal ayrımı gibi kav-ramlar sosyal bilim adamları tarafından tartışılmaya başlamış-tır. Ayrıca hizmetler üzerine olan ilgide artmıştır. Bu dönemde hizmet ve üretimde pekçok iş ...
Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 2018
1970’lerden itibaren esnek uzmanlaşma, bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler; yenilikçi... more 1970’lerden itibaren esnek uzmanlaşma, bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler; yenilikçilik, KOBİ’lerin gücünü artırmasına imkân vermiştir. Diğer taraftan bölgelerin yarışabilmesi için kendi içsel dinamiklerini ortaya çıkaracak girişimlerde bulunmalar, girişimciliğin önemini artırarak, bölgesel gelişmede belirleyici kavramlardan biri haline getirmiştir. Bölgelerarası dengesizliği gidermek ve geri kalmış bölgelerin kendi içsel potansiyelleri doğrultusunda bölgedeki girişimciliği canlandırmak bölgesel gelişme politikaları arasında yer bulmaya başlamıştır. Bu kapsamda, literatür taraması yapılarak bölgesel gelişme için girişimciliğin neden önemli olduğu ve girişimciliği etkileyen çevresel unsurların neler olduğu ele alınmıştır. Girişimciliği etkilen dört temel unsur belirlenmiştir: (I) Ekonomik faktörler, (II) İnsan sermayesi, (III) Fiziksel altyapı, (IV) Yenilikçilik. Bu dört temel unsurun açılımları normalleştirilerek dört ayrı endeks oluşturulmuştur. Ardından il bazında b...
Labor Market Segmentation: Call Centre Sector inTurkey Advances in information and communication ... more Labor Market Segmentation: Call Centre Sector inTurkey Advances in information and communication technologies bring along changes in working and employment conditions.Automationed work is moved to distant areas and businesses get elaborate, far from the center and network-based. Another change similar to the disintegration of production process is also seen in services sector. While jobs to develop technologies are left to the developed regions, routine and demanding jobs are transferred to peripheries. This situation brings about a core-periphery division in structuring employment. In services sector, production services have an important role in economic development strategies. The most important factor in expansion of production services is outsourcing for increasing demand. One of the businesses that have emerged in this process is call centers. Firms, operating in various sectors, obtain call center service from outsource firms. Today, call centers are mostly located in less developed regions. While call centers first originated in developed regions, due to the increased costs in these regions, lots of firms have made their call service investments in less developed regions. Labor-intensive call centers are regarded as a solution to the unemployment in less developed regions. In order for an investment made in the region to have an active role in regional development, it is expected to decrease unemployment, to increase working capacity, to develop different sectors, to teach new technologies and to create local firms. Within this framework, call centers issue has been examined, their influences resulting from their being built in underdeveloped regions and internal dynamic of the sector have been dwelt on and the framework of the research has been identified in this respect in this thesis. This study has totally six chapters: After the introduction, in the second chapter, the framework of the research has been cited, in the third section emergence and growing of call centers and its importance for regional development together discussing at literature about call center have been discussed, in the fourth chapter, call center sector in Turkey has been examined and findings and the results have been discussed in the in the fifth chapter. Lastly, suggestions have been offered for a regional development based on call center sector and the results obtained in the sixth section.
During the 1990s transition period in developed countries, the retail sector was privatized and s... more During the 1990s transition period in developed countries, the retail sector was privatized and some domestic-capital supermarket chains gradually emerged. Supermarkets have restructured their procurement strategies through the introduction of private standards, centralized procurement systems and distribution centers. Recent studies have shown a meteoric rise of supermarkets in Latin America in the past two decade (Reardon and Berdegue, 2002; Reardon et al; 2003), with profound effects on agrifood systems via important changes in organization and institutions, including centralization of procurement from farmers, decline of traditional wholesale systems, and demanding private standards on product quality and safety. Despite the increase in agri-food commodities emanating from the expansion of the retail sector, there have been little or no opportunities for smallholder farmers. Agri-food markets are restructuring as supermarkets continue to expand. The restructuring process is like...
Companies that adopted plain organization model in today’s competitive environment procure phases... more Companies that adopted plain organization model in today’s competitive environment procure phases and processes that do not create value from out of company. This way, company is able to reduce costs, have greater focus on its primary business, increase productivity, and make connections between different labor markets. As a result, relationships between suppliers and buyers become increasingly more important and new companies, which split out from large companies, enter to the market. Also new business types emerge in service sector in parallel to transition to plain production. One of these new business types is call centers. Now taken out of company, call centers are moved to underdeveloped areas where costs are lower. In discussions in the literature, call centers are considered as an opportunity for economic growth of underdeveloped areas. However, use of perimeter labor force in call centers is seen as a significant restriction for this development. In this context, main resea...
Advances in information and communication technologies bring along changes in working and employm... more Advances in information and communication technologies bring along changes in working and employment conditions. Automationed work is moved to distant areas and businesses get elaborate, far from the center and network-based. Another change similar to the disintegration of production process is also seen in services sector. While jobs to develop technologies are left to the developed regions, routine and demanding jobs are transferred to peripheries. This situation brings about a centre-periphery division in structuring employment. One of the businesses that have emerged in this process is call centers. Firms, operating in various sectors, obtain call center service from outsource firms.Today, call centers are mostly located in less developed regions. While call centers first originated in developed regions, due to the increased costs in these regions, lots of firms have made their call service investments in less developed regions. Labor-intensive call centers are regarded as a sol...
The firms prefer the lean production in the competitive environment, discard the stages and proce... more The firms prefer the lean production in the competitive environment, discard the stages and processes that do not create value by aiming at diversity in commodity and service provision. Accordingly, the relationships between the suppliers and customers become prominent and the firms that abandon the big firm emerge as new actors in the market. Information and communication technology brings about flexibility and creates new opportunities in location choice. Thus, the enterprises have become complicated, distant from the center and network based. As the central tasks within a firm stay in the developed regions, the peripheral tasks are moved to underdeveloped regions. As a result of the core-periphery distinction in service sector, call center sector has become prominent. When the issue is considered in terms of regional development, the call centers, which are now out of the firm, are located in the underdeveloped regions. While the literature about call center sector discussion con...
Tourism is one of the most economically important industries in Turkey. Istanbul is the most attr... more Tourism is one of the most economically important industries in Turkey. Istanbul is the most attractive tourist destination in Turkey with historical and cultural heritage and natural beauty. However, stressors and shocks such as political turmoil and economic crises threaten its sustainability. Knowing the risks can lead to the development of strategies for reducing vulnerability and building resilience. This chapter assesses Istanbul’s vulnerability and resilience and presents strategies for building a more resilient tourism industry in Istanbul. The current situation was analysed using SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis facilitates decision-making by determining the internal capabilities and limits (strengths and weaknesses) and external conditions (opportunities and threats) in a given context. SWOT factors were weighted using the analytical_hierarchy process (AHP) method. As a result, six strategies for Istanbul were determined using the TOWS method.
In recent years, it has been noted that the development of information and communication technolo... more In recent years, it has been noted that the development of information and communication technology (ICT) has a discernible effect on the location patterns of business activities. Back office activities such as call centers are moved to less developed region where has a cheap and skilled labor. Such types of work don't need have face to face relationship within the firm. Call centers have grown rapidly in recent years, creating a significant number of new jobs. Call centers provide only poor employment opportunities, with mostly low-skilled, high constrained jobs with few opportunities for advancement. Furthermore, with little capital investment and high sensivity to cost factors, call centers are vulnerable to being relocated to even lower cost locations, thus making it a tenouous basis for a long term economic development strategy. Local and regional economic developmet agencies have sought to attract call centers because they are a source of new jobs. Call centers are charact...
1980'lerden itibaren yaşanan ekonomik yapılanma sürecinin sonunda esnek üretim, işgücünün me... more 1980'lerden itibaren yaşanan ekonomik yapılanma sürecinin sonunda esnek üretim, işgücünün mekansal ayrımı gibi kav-ramlar sosyal bilim adamları tarafından tartışılmaya başlamış-tır. Ayrıca hizmetler üzerine olan ilgide artmıştır. Bu dönemde hizmet ve üretimde pekçok iş ...
Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 2018
1970’lerden itibaren esnek uzmanlaşma, bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler; yenilikçi... more 1970’lerden itibaren esnek uzmanlaşma, bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler; yenilikçilik, KOBİ’lerin gücünü artırmasına imkân vermiştir. Diğer taraftan bölgelerin yarışabilmesi için kendi içsel dinamiklerini ortaya çıkaracak girişimlerde bulunmalar, girişimciliğin önemini artırarak, bölgesel gelişmede belirleyici kavramlardan biri haline getirmiştir. Bölgelerarası dengesizliği gidermek ve geri kalmış bölgelerin kendi içsel potansiyelleri doğrultusunda bölgedeki girişimciliği canlandırmak bölgesel gelişme politikaları arasında yer bulmaya başlamıştır. Bu kapsamda, literatür taraması yapılarak bölgesel gelişme için girişimciliğin neden önemli olduğu ve girişimciliği etkileyen çevresel unsurların neler olduğu ele alınmıştır. Girişimciliği etkilen dört temel unsur belirlenmiştir: (I) Ekonomik faktörler, (II) İnsan sermayesi, (III) Fiziksel altyapı, (IV) Yenilikçilik. Bu dört temel unsurun açılımları normalleştirilerek dört ayrı endeks oluşturulmuştur. Ardından il bazında b...
Labor Market Segmentation: Call Centre Sector inTurkey Advances in information and communication ... more Labor Market Segmentation: Call Centre Sector inTurkey Advances in information and communication technologies bring along changes in working and employment conditions.Automationed work is moved to distant areas and businesses get elaborate, far from the center and network-based. Another change similar to the disintegration of production process is also seen in services sector. While jobs to develop technologies are left to the developed regions, routine and demanding jobs are transferred to peripheries. This situation brings about a core-periphery division in structuring employment. In services sector, production services have an important role in economic development strategies. The most important factor in expansion of production services is outsourcing for increasing demand. One of the businesses that have emerged in this process is call centers. Firms, operating in various sectors, obtain call center service from outsource firms. Today, call centers are mostly located in less developed regions. While call centers first originated in developed regions, due to the increased costs in these regions, lots of firms have made their call service investments in less developed regions. Labor-intensive call centers are regarded as a solution to the unemployment in less developed regions. In order for an investment made in the region to have an active role in regional development, it is expected to decrease unemployment, to increase working capacity, to develop different sectors, to teach new technologies and to create local firms. Within this framework, call centers issue has been examined, their influences resulting from their being built in underdeveloped regions and internal dynamic of the sector have been dwelt on and the framework of the research has been identified in this respect in this thesis. This study has totally six chapters: After the introduction, in the second chapter, the framework of the research has been cited, in the third section emergence and growing of call centers and its importance for regional development together discussing at literature about call center have been discussed, in the fourth chapter, call center sector in Turkey has been examined and findings and the results have been discussed in the in the fifth chapter. Lastly, suggestions have been offered for a regional development based on call center sector and the results obtained in the sixth section.
During the 1990s transition period in developed countries, the retail sector was privatized and s... more During the 1990s transition period in developed countries, the retail sector was privatized and some domestic-capital supermarket chains gradually emerged. Supermarkets have restructured their procurement strategies through the introduction of private standards, centralized procurement systems and distribution centers. Recent studies have shown a meteoric rise of supermarkets in Latin America in the past two decade (Reardon and Berdegue, 2002; Reardon et al; 2003), with profound effects on agrifood systems via important changes in organization and institutions, including centralization of procurement from farmers, decline of traditional wholesale systems, and demanding private standards on product quality and safety. Despite the increase in agri-food commodities emanating from the expansion of the retail sector, there have been little or no opportunities for smallholder farmers. Agri-food markets are restructuring as supermarkets continue to expand. The restructuring process is like...
Companies that adopted plain organization model in today’s competitive environment procure phases... more Companies that adopted plain organization model in today’s competitive environment procure phases and processes that do not create value from out of company. This way, company is able to reduce costs, have greater focus on its primary business, increase productivity, and make connections between different labor markets. As a result, relationships between suppliers and buyers become increasingly more important and new companies, which split out from large companies, enter to the market. Also new business types emerge in service sector in parallel to transition to plain production. One of these new business types is call centers. Now taken out of company, call centers are moved to underdeveloped areas where costs are lower. In discussions in the literature, call centers are considered as an opportunity for economic growth of underdeveloped areas. However, use of perimeter labor force in call centers is seen as a significant restriction for this development. In this context, main resea...
Advances in information and communication technologies bring along changes in working and employm... more Advances in information and communication technologies bring along changes in working and employment conditions. Automationed work is moved to distant areas and businesses get elaborate, far from the center and network-based. Another change similar to the disintegration of production process is also seen in services sector. While jobs to develop technologies are left to the developed regions, routine and demanding jobs are transferred to peripheries. This situation brings about a centre-periphery division in structuring employment. One of the businesses that have emerged in this process is call centers. Firms, operating in various sectors, obtain call center service from outsource firms.Today, call centers are mostly located in less developed regions. While call centers first originated in developed regions, due to the increased costs in these regions, lots of firms have made their call service investments in less developed regions. Labor-intensive call centers are regarded as a sol...
The firms prefer the lean production in the competitive environment, discard the stages and proce... more The firms prefer the lean production in the competitive environment, discard the stages and processes that do not create value by aiming at diversity in commodity and service provision. Accordingly, the relationships between the suppliers and customers become prominent and the firms that abandon the big firm emerge as new actors in the market. Information and communication technology brings about flexibility and creates new opportunities in location choice. Thus, the enterprises have become complicated, distant from the center and network based. As the central tasks within a firm stay in the developed regions, the peripheral tasks are moved to underdeveloped regions. As a result of the core-periphery distinction in service sector, call center sector has become prominent. When the issue is considered in terms of regional development, the call centers, which are now out of the firm, are located in the underdeveloped regions. While the literature about call center sector discussion con...
Tourism is one of the most economically important industries in Turkey. Istanbul is the most attr... more Tourism is one of the most economically important industries in Turkey. Istanbul is the most attractive tourist destination in Turkey with historical and cultural heritage and natural beauty. However, stressors and shocks such as political turmoil and economic crises threaten its sustainability. Knowing the risks can lead to the development of strategies for reducing vulnerability and building resilience. This chapter assesses Istanbul’s vulnerability and resilience and presents strategies for building a more resilient tourism industry in Istanbul. The current situation was analysed using SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis facilitates decision-making by determining the internal capabilities and limits (strengths and weaknesses) and external conditions (opportunities and threats) in a given context. SWOT factors were weighted using the analytical_hierarchy process (AHP) method. As a result, six strategies for Istanbul were determined using the TOWS method.
In recent years, it has been noted that the development of information and communication technolo... more In recent years, it has been noted that the development of information and communication technology (ICT) has a discernible effect on the location patterns of business activities. Back office activities such as call centers are moved to less developed region where has a cheap and skilled labor. Such types of work don't need have face to face relationship within the firm. Call centers have grown rapidly in recent years, creating a significant number of new jobs. Call centers provide only poor employment opportunities, with mostly low-skilled, high constrained jobs with few opportunities for advancement. Furthermore, with little capital investment and high sensivity to cost factors, call centers are vulnerable to being relocated to even lower cost locations, thus making it a tenouous basis for a long term economic development strategy. Local and regional economic developmet agencies have sought to attract call centers because they are a source of new jobs. Call centers are charact...
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