Polymer Engineering

Summary: Milk consist huge amount of largely water and different proteins. Kappa-kazein of these milk proteins can be coagulated by Mucor miehei rennet enzyme, is an aspartic protease which cleavege 105 (phenly alanine)-106 (methionine) peptide bond. It is commonly used clotting milk proteins for cheese production in dairy industry. The aim of this study to measure milk clotting times of skim milk by using Mucor Miehei rennet and determination of optimal conditions of milk clotting time by mathematical modelling. In this research, milk clotting times of skim milk were measured at different pHs (3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0) and temperatures (20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75 o C). It was used statistical approach for defining best pH and temperature for milk clotting time of skim milk. Milk clotting activity was increase at acidic pHs and high temperatures.

Milk consist huge amount of largely water and different proteins. Kappa-kazein of these milk proteins can be coagulated by Mucor miehei rennet enzyme, is an aspartic protease which cleavege 105 (phenly alanine)-106 (methionine) peptide bond. It is commonly used clotting milk proteins for cheese production in dairy industry. The aim of this study to measure milk clotting times of skim milk by using Mucor Miehei rennet and determination of optimal conditions of milk clotting time by mathematical modelling. In this research, milk clotting times of skim milk were measured at different pHs (3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0) and temperatures (20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75 oC). It was used statistical approach for defining best pH and temperature for milk clotting time of skim milk. Milk clotting activity was increase at acidic pHs and high temperatures.

Synthetic dyes are very important for textile dyeing, paper printing, color photography and petroleum products. Traditional methods of dye removal include biodegradation, precipitation, adsorption, chemical degradation, photo degradation, and chemical coagulation. Dye decolorization with enzymatic reaction is an important issue for several research field (chemistry, environment) In this study, minimum decolorization time of Remazol Brilliant Blue R dye with Horseradish peroxidase enzyme was calculated using with mathematical equation depending on experimental data. Dye decolorization was determined by monitoring the absorbance decrease at the specific maximum wavelength for dye. All experiments were carried out with different initial dye concentrations of Remazol Brilliant Blue R at 25 degrees C constant temperature for 30 minutes. The development of the least squares estimators for a nonlinear model brings about complications not encountered in the case of the linear model. Decolor...

Synthetic dyes are very important for textile dyeing, paper printing, color photography and petroleum products. Traditional methods of dye removal include biodegradation, precipitation, adsorption, chemical degradation, photo degradation, and chemical coagulation. Dye decolorization with enzymatic reaction is an important issue for several research field (chemistry, environment) In this study, minimum decolorization time of Remazol Brilliant Blue R dye with Horseradish peroxidase enzyme was calculated using with mathematical equation depending on experimental data. Dye decolorization was determined by monitoring the absorbance decrease at the specific maximum wavelength for dye. All experiments were carried out with different initial dye concentrations of Remazol Brilliant Blue R at 25 degrees C constant temperature for 30 minutes. The development of the least squares estimators for a nonlinear model brings about complications not encountered in the case of the linear model. Decolor...

It was used significant amount of water in various processes such as dyeing, desizing and bleaching in textile industry. Thus companies have to be faced wastewater problems. Especially in dyeing process different type of colourants -for instance acidic, reactive, basic, disperse, azo, diazo, antraquionone- based and metal complex based - were applied to textiles and as a result it was obtained a huge amount of colourful wastewater from dye process. Due to treatment for these colourful wastewaters it can be applied many different methods such as adsorption, chemical oxidation, coagulation, membrane filtration. In this study, decolorization of cationic dye (Basic Blue 41) from local textile mill was investigated by using Horseradish peroxidase enzyme and sulfonated polymers at different pHs. In addition, removal of the cationic dye also carried out by using Trametes versicolor from white root fungus for pH 3,6. Decolorization effiency was high (90 %) with Trametes versicolor for 7 days, whereas little decolorization was observed with Horseradish peroxidase enzyme. It was achieved quicker total treatment of cationic dye with using sulfonated polymers in comparison to enzyme and fungus.

Remazol Brillant Blue R (RBBR) ve Naphtol Blue Black (NBB) boyar maddeleri tekstil endustrisinde yayg i n olarak kullan i lmaktad i r. Bu cal i s mada, RBBR ve NBB boyar maddeleri kitosan, capraz ba g l i kitosan ve kitosan-poli(akrilik asit) (PAA) konjugat i ile giderildi. Capraz ba g l i kitosan ve kitosan-poli(akrilik asit) konjugat i mikrodalga enerjisi kullanarak s i ras i yla 15 ve 30 dakikada sentezlendi. RBBR boyar maddesi kitosan-poli(akrilik asit) konjugat i ile pH: 4.0 ve pH: 5.0’te s i ras i yla % 70.23 ve % 80.78 giderildi. NBB ve RBBR capraz ba g l i kitosan ile kitosan-poli(akrilik asit) konjugat i na gore daha yuksek bir yuzde ile giderildi. NBB ve RBBR boyar maddeleri kitosan ve capraz ba g l i kitosan kullan i larak yakla s i k olarak % 100 boya giderme yuzdesi ile ba s ar i l i bir s ekilde giderildi.

In this study, covalent immobilization of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) onto various polysulfone supports was investigated. For this purpose, different polysulfones were methacrylated with methacryloyl chloride, and then, nonwoven fabric samples were coated by using solutions of these methacrylated polysulfones. Finally, support materials were immersed into aquatic solution of HRP enzyme for covalent immobilization. Structural analysis of enzyme immobilization onto various polysulfones was confirmed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Decolorization of textile diazo (Acid Black 1) and anthraquinone (Reactive Blue 19) dyes was investigated by UV-visible spectrophotometer. Covalently immobilized enzyme has been used seven times in freshly prepared dye solutions through 63 days. Dye decolorization performance of the immobilized systems was observed that still remained high (70%) after reusing three times. Enzyme activities of immobilized systems were determined and compared to free enzyme activity at different conditions (pH, temperature, thermal stability, storage stability). Enzyme activities of immobilized systems and free enzyme were also investigated at the different temperatures and effects of temperature and thermal resistance for different incubation time at 50 °C. In addition, storage activity of free and immobilized enzymes was determined at 4 °C at different incubation days.

Textile dyehouse wastewater contains a lot of colored toxic organic compounds because of retained unbound dyestuffs to fabric. Once this organic chemicals were release to water resources, streams and rives without any treatment, aquatic life adversely affected. Colored toxic compounds causes a damaging effect on the aquatic life because of inhibiting sun light penetration and decreasing photosynthesis. Treatment of wastewater has been carried out with esentially physically, chemically and biologically methods. Among these methods, coagulation/flocculation with polyelectrolytes, adsorption of toxic organic chemicals with novel designed polymers, filtration by membranes, oxidation by ozone, microorganisms, enzymes, and active sludges were commonly preferred according to characteristics of wastewater. In this study aims to remove the color whic is retained basic dyestuffs after dyeing of acrylic fibers. To reach this aim, commercially available perfluorocarbon based anionic polymer was...