Starza Paul

Using Effective Communication Strategies and Community Engagement to Resolve Conflict of Interest between the two parties or any two interdependent parties is a useful nonviolent strategy to solving conflicts. The study aims to identify the factors of the conflict of interest and use effective communication strategies and community engagement to resolve it. This is a qualitative research and the data collected and analyzed were using questionnaires and interviews. While analyzing and addressing the issue, the researchers consider using Effective Communication Strategies in three different communication methods, relevant theories and host community engagement are useful approaches to minimizing the ongoing conflict and tries to put both interdependent parties to a win-win situation. In doing, the illegal activities practices by either parties one way or the other to release frustration are considered legal matters which can be publicized and acted upon independently by police and the court of law. The conflict is recommended to be resolved using Collaboration (host community engagement through providing service) and Compromise or negotiation (agreed resolution by all the stake holders) approach using a designed four stage communication strategy.

This study examines the development of a frightening new trend of warfare in Enga Province. From politically instigated warfare to hired gunmen and the use of modern factory-made weapons, all contributing to mass destruction of the communities endangering the lives of the people. This new trend of warfare, unlike that of the traditional warfare of bows and arrows is posing greater danger to the people and society. Through the use of both qualitative and quantitative methods to collect data, the study examines the causes and effects of tribal warfare, and then suggests ways and methods to deal with the issue. The findings revealed that there is widespread warfare in the Enga Province with the use of home-made guns as well as modern factory-made guns, and that hired gunmen are often involved. It was revealed that this modern warfare is caused by a broad range of factors including politics, conflicts over animals, household properties, land issues, verbal and physical assaults, rape and murder cases, as well as election-related problems. It also revealed that there are adverse effects people face in coping with the loss of goods and properties of significant value, as well as of human lives, such as psychological trauma, caused by the warfare experience. To best understand the phenomena, it is important to study the social make-up of the people well, as the root causes of these man-made phenomena start at the clan base. Also important is to assess and analyse whether the leaders, from the local level up to the national level have done enough to contain tribal fighting (or not), and make suggestions so that these insights can be used to bring peace to this war-torn province. Keywords: Tribal Warfare, Leadership challenges, High-powered guns, Hired gunmen, Community sustainability

This research examines, “The Unceasing Challenges of Tribal Warfare in Enga: An Integrated
Clan-Based Approach” was used to understand this study of the prevalence of tribal fighting in
the Enga Province of Papua New Guinea. It focuses on discussing the causes and its effects and
then suggest ways forwards to deal with the concern. The findings reveal that there is a
widespread warfare in the province with a used of modern factory-made guns and it is caused by
broad range of factors including conflicts over animals, household properties, land, verbal and
physical assault, rape and murder cases, and election related problems. The findings also reveal
that the adverse effects are so much to cope with loss of goods and properties of significant
values, loss of human lives, and encountering psychological traumatization are such adverse
consequences of the warfare that people experience. It is concluded that because tribal warfare
originates from an Enga culture and society, and for this reason, it is critically important to
examine its roots and the answer can be found within the Engan clan and tribe-based society.
Key words: Tribal Warfare, Communication, clan-based