Papers in Persian (مقالات فارسی) by Qodratullah Qorbani( دکتر قدرت الله قربانی)
University of tabriz
Suppose the supreme religion as a reality includes the whole life of every human being. In this c... more Suppose the supreme religion as a reality includes the whole life of every human being. In this case, it is appropriate that we go beyond a comparative theology depending on dialogue to give credibility to our existence while hoping to address the general issue of interfaith dialogue and its more precise form, i.e., deep interfaith dialogue that involves critical thinking, Emotional Intelligence, reciprocal cooperation, and unconscious presuppositions is of attention. We try to build an interfaith dialogue based on different religious conditions and complexities, the actual role of human beings in dialogue, and the bio-religion of religious people. Among the specified conditions of interfaith dialogue, we can mention an unfailing commitment to one's religious tradition, listening humbly and empathetically to the other, seeking why, from where, and where to go, being open, and establishing a mutual relationship. Interfaith dialogue, while facing the vastness of the issue of religion and different people, also faces the vastness of the structure of human beings. The dialogue of heads, hands, hearts, and finally, the dialogue of the lives of holy people are examples of this expansion. Despite all these conditions, it seems that the human being conversationalist has failed or not flourished, the act of dialogue, the remaining unsaid, the power of silence in a dialogue, the specific boundaries of religion or different religions concerning each other, and various descriptions and interpretations of religions can be influenced by many voluntary and involuntary factors. So, we should go back, and instead of the specific and powerful phrase of interreligious dialogue, use the more comprehensive phrase of human being dialogue about religions.
Mazandaran University, 2022
Rapid developments of empirical sciences in recent centuries and incorrect policies of church lea... more Rapid developments of empirical sciences in recent centuries and incorrect policies of church leaders have led to different theories concerning the relations between science and religion, and their conflict, independence, and cooperation are some significant examples of them. Some contemporary thinkers, by paying attention to the separation of science and religion's realms, methods, and language, have tried to consider some special realms, methods, and language for religion as well as science. In this case, Wittgenstein, Braithwaite, and Stace have some notable theories, since they take into account some special functions regarding religion through their phenomenological and non-epistemic approaches. Wittgenstein pays attention to the language of religion in the life of believers and separates the religious realm from the scientific one. Braithwaite reduces religious propositions to moral ones, and Stace by emphasizing on mystical virtues of religious teachings and defines non-epistemic functions for them. All these thinkers agree with fideism, the impossibility of rational assessing and non-superiority of one religion to other religions, and non-epistemic virtues of religious propositions and teachings. These theories lead to a misunderstanding of religious teachings and relativistic and humanistic interpretations of religion's functions.
Religions diversity is an unavoidable and objective fact. We also live within such a fact. The re... more Religions diversity is an unavoidable and objective fact. We also live within such a fact. The requirement of such a living is to acquire a common understanding of the self and the Other. Such an understanding is relied on rethinking of some significant factors like moral, humanly, cultural and religious commonalities and differences of the self and the Other. There are, theoretically, some questions ahead related to rethinking our living in the world of religious diverse, questions concerning truthiness and salvation, their differences in diverse religious traditions. In fact, paying attention to the religious Other, is projected the problem of our and others' approaches to truthiness, and that which path of salvation is correct and authentic? Welcoming to the fact of religions diversity, theoretically, projects for us the objective necessity of peaceful coexistence, relying on global ethics, and appealing to the logic of dialogue. Theoretical and practical result of paying attention to religions diversity is to recognizing legitimacy of the religious Other, and obligating to its practical and factual involvements, that is welcoming to peace, tolerance and reciprocal participation, and avoiding of exclusivism regarding our religious tradition, and accepting some levels of truthiness and salvation for the religious Other. Theoretical, logical and theological result pertained to our religious tradition can be finding new horizons for recognizing valuable teachings of our religious tradition, and reforming those of our religious beliefs that is needed to reform. In short, religions diversity and seeing it really without our guided presuppositions, is led to openness of our horizons, participating with others regarding spreading peace and global coexistence, common understanding of each other religious traditions, developing global ethics and divine grace among all creatures of God.
Religious exclusivism is one of the essential properties and historical characteristics of the Ch... more Religious exclusivism is one of the essential properties and historical characteristics of the Christian tradition. This approach has some significant theological and historical elements which include: 1. Bein referenceable to the New Testament, 2. Relying on historical facts of Jesus Christ's life, 3. The necessity of direct Divine interference, 4. Centrality of some theological teachings, 5. The central and prominent place of Jesus, 6. The significant place of the Church and the Pope, 7. The secondary role of legal laws and the centrality of faith and grace, 8) Ignorance of other religions realities and values. Christian exclusivism has resulted in some important consequences during its history some of which are as follows: negligence of other religions' values and the needlessness of learning from them; extreme belief in the sacred and avoiding rationality; a positive approach to one's own identity and a negative to others'; ideological thought, threatening peace and extending war. The solution is to put aside exclusivism, and to be open to truths that other religions introduce which is attainable through dialogue and listening to other's voices.
ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﻓﻠ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻰ و ﺴﻔﻪ اﻻﻫﻴﺎت ﺳﻮم ﺷﻤﺎره ﭼﻬﺎرم، و ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﺳﺎل ) ﭘﻴﺎﭘ... more ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﻓﻠ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻰ و ﺴﻔﻪ اﻻﻫﻴﺎت ﺳﻮم ﺷﻤﺎره ﭼﻬﺎرم، و ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﺳﺎل ) ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ 95 ( ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ،
One of the logical requirements of welcoming to rational dialogue between religious traditions is... more One of the logical requirements of welcoming to rational dialogue between religious traditions is, at least, avoiding of exclusivism towards own religious tradition. Since the logical requirement regarding confronting with other religions' facts and realities is to desacralize own religious teachings, accept the possibility of some realities in other religious traditions and some mistakes in our religious tradition. Religious exclusivism, but, is as the most significant obstacle concerning such rational impetuously action. Because the crucial religious presupposition of exclusivism is restricting of truthness and salvation in our religious tradition, and other religious tradition were/are deviated from them. Such thinking has trained its followers needless to recognize rationally other religions and independence of listening to their realities and has persuaded its believers to invite others, as unbelievers, to own religion through using some software methods, like religious missionaries or hardware methods like sacred war. So religious exclusivist has no ear to listen and no eye to see other religions realities. Hence, based on religious exclusivism, logical and rational dialogue between religious traditions is impossible. The strategy for exiting of this crises is leaving exclusivism and to desacralize of our religious teachings and welcoming to some truths that maybe exist in other religions, as well as our religious tradition.
One of logical requirements of welcoming to rational dialogue between religious traditions is, al... more One of logical requirements of welcoming to rational dialogue between religious traditions is, al least, avoiding of exclusivistic towards own religious tradition. Since the logical requirement regarding confronting with other religions’ facts and realities is to desacralize own religious teachings, accept possibility of some realities in other religious traditions and some mistakes in our religious tradition. Religious exclusivism, but, is as the most significant obstacle concerning such rational impetuously action. Because the crucial religious presupposition of exclusivism is restricting of truthness and salvation in our religious tradition, and other religious tradition were/are deviated from them. Such thinking has trained its followers needless to recognize rationally other religions, and independence of listening to their realities, and has persuaded its believers to invite other, as unbelievers, to own religion through using some sofeware methods, like religious missionaries or hardware methods like sacred war. So religious exclusivism, has no ear to listening and no eye to seeing other religions’ realities. Hence, based on religious exclusivism, logical and rational dialogue between religious traditions is impossible. The strategy for exiting of this crises is leaving exclusivism and to desacralize of our religious teachings and welcoming to some truths that maybe exist in other religions, as well as our religious tradition.
Keywords: Religious Exclusivism, Religious Dialogue, Desacralizing, Truthness, Salvation.
Uploads
Papers in Persian (مقالات فارسی) by Qodratullah Qorbani( دکتر قدرت الله قربانی)
Keywords: Religious Exclusivism, Religious Dialogue, Desacralizing, Truthness, Salvation.
Keywords: Religious Exclusivism, Religious Dialogue, Desacralizing, Truthness, Salvation.
In this paper, with considering some basic aspects of Platonic Ideas, is tried to study the way of Mulla Sadra's interpretation of it, the measure of Platonic effects on Mulla Sadra, and some philosophical, religious and practical results of Mulla Sadra's interpretation of Ideas.
Keywords: Plato, Mulla Sadra, Ideas, Participation, Imitation, Immateriality, Universality, Constancy
Keywords: Islamic Teachings, Human, Social Sciences, Sociology, worldview, The Qur'an
However, through the change in the relationship between human, God, and World during the modernity age, all his approaches to God and World changed getting human involved in some basic problems and crises. In this process human gained and acquired a kind of genuineness and principality towards God and the existents of world that their place and importance, especially divine truths like God, has been defined in the light of human epistemic abilities and their validity is depended on human knowledge. Hence, the place of divine truths were lowered to the limits of human understanding, which I call this humanization of divine truths.
On the other hand, because of his weakness for understanding the divine truths, human has gradually put them aside of his philosophical thought, and has declared them meaningless. In the meanwhile, he has tried to understand the empirical world and its managing without considering what is beyond that and I call this demystification of existents by which other areas like ethics, politics and even science have been depended on human.
Consequently, certainty and truth became humanistic, that is, human became as the axis of certainty and truth, the most important result of which is the relativity of certainty, and its restriction to human knowledge, will and ability.
This paper tries to discuss the above subjects, considering some of important thinkers of modern and postmodern philosophy such as Descartes, Kant, Nietzsche, Sartre and Heidegger. It also attempts to show that although Heidegger complained to subjectivism and modernistic approach of the truth, his effort to redefine truth and certainty was not successful and could not rescue it from a crisis. That is because he could not go beyond human understanding to reach a holy and absolute certainty and truth, while the only real way is paying attention to divine certainty and revelation and God.
Keywords: Modernity, Post-modernity, Certainty, Truth, Human, Crisis, Subjectivity, Objectivity, Knowledge, Demystification, Humanization, Revelation
The importance of modernity is due to the fact that human being is placed as the axis of all beings and other existents, such as God and the World, and they get their meaning and validity in the light of human. Although human has reason and freedom and he is the noble master of all creatures, in the meanwhile, he has many defects in his existence and his perfections has been gradually increased during the centuries. Hence, we can say that human actually and absolutely does not have any perfection, and he cannot get them perfectly.
However, through the change in the relationship between human, God, and World during the modernity age, all his approaches to God and World changed getting human involved in some basic problems and crises. In this process human gained and acquired a kind of genuineness and principality towards God and the existents of world that their place and importance, especially divine truths like God, has been defined in the light of human epistemic abilities and their validity is depended on human knowledge. Hence, the place of divine truths were lowered to the limits of human understanding, which I call this humanization of divine truths.
On the other hand, because of his weakness for understanding the divine truths, human has gradually put them aside of his philosophical thought, and has declared them meaningless. In the meanwhile, he has tried to understand the empirical world and its managing without considering what is beyond that and I call this demystification of existents by which other areas like ethics, politics and even science have been depended on human.
Consequently, certainty and truth became humanistic, that is, human became as the axis of certainty and truth, the most important result of which is the relativity of certainty, and its restriction to human knowledge, will and ability.
This paper tries to discuss the above subjects, considering some of important thinkers of modern and postmodern philosophy such as Descartes, Kant, Nietzsche, Sartre and Heidegger. It also attempts to show that although Heidegger complained to subjectivism and modernistic approach of the truth, his effort to redefine truth and certainty was not successful and could not rescue it from a crisis. That is because he could not go beyond human understanding to reach a holy and absolute certainty and truth, while the only real way is paying attention to divine certainty and revelation and God.
Keywords: Modernity, Post-modernity, Certainty, Truth, Human, Crisis, Subjectivity, Objectivity, Knowledge, Demystification, Humanization, Revelation
In this paper, it is tries to analysis the role of social and urban factors as the most important elements of the urban life on philosophy and philosophical thinking, and to argue that how human can manage this process.
Keywords: Urban life, Philosophy, Social factors, Human, worldview, determinism, Freedom, Intellect.
In this paper, it is tries to analysis the role of social and civil factors as the most important elements of the city on philosophy and philosophical thinking, and to argue that how human can manage this process.
Keywords: City, Philosophy, Social factors, Human, worldview, determinism, Freedom, Intellect.
questions which Science, and its potentials, can answer some of them, specially in the material realm.
In fact, empirical science is limited to the material world, and it can’t answer human’s fundamental
questions of his/her living. Then human can’t provide all his/her epistemological requirements by
empirical science. In addition, contemporary human’s scientism caused many problems for him/her.
Human tried to make empirical science as a worldview which caused some important and
fundamental crisis. So he/she needs metaphysical, religious and other sources to know about
supernatural facts. Fulfilling this, he/she has to use religious teachings, because religions, in particular
divine ones, have many basic functions. They can make man aware about immaterial realms and
existents including God, origin and resurrection of man, the world system etc. They can give a
reasonable explanation of the origin and resurrection of human’s life and the meaning of human’s
evolution in the mundane universe, and the philosophy of living by explaining the nature of Goodness
and Evil. Religions give some ethical and religious laws to manage and control his/her individual and
social treatments. In fact, through religious teachings, man can take a suitable framework to manage
his/her living, for example, by them man can determine functional results of his/her scientific and
technological activities. In addition, religions can draw the spiritual future of human’s mundane
living, and give a good motivation to get mundane and spiritual happiness. In the other word, man,
only by the help of religious teachings, can take his/her fundamental requirements. Then, by
considering the contemporary human epistemological crisis and important limits of human’s
knowledge and science, there is the only way to refer to divine religions teachings. In this paper, it is
tried to explain religion functions in the present situations by paying attention to humanly science and
knowledge limits.
Keywords: Religion; Epistemology; Science; Human; Religious Science; God