Public health

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the cumbersome health-related problems which render approximately 50% of liver failure and patients to receiving liver transplantation every year. Antituberculosis drugs such as isoniazid and rifampicin are potentially rendering hepatotoxicity. Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman is an herbaceous perennial plant that contributes to the indigenous ethnomedicinal values for the society. This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of corm of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman extracts against isoniazid and rifampicin induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino mice. The study was conducted on 30 Swiss albino mice randomly allocated into five groups. Group I, group II, group III, group IV, and group V were the groups in which mice were given distilled water, only isoniazid and rifampicin, isoniazid and rifampicin along with 200 mg/kg corm of Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman extract, isoniazid and rifampicin along with 400 mg/kg c...

Background Knowledge of the normal variation in AF size may be helpful to cue early diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, cardiac disease, meningitis, degree of dehydration or provide a clue to disorders of neural and skeletal development. However, the data is scarce. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine AF size and associated factors among term neonates on the first day of life born in Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC), Southwest Ethiopia. Methodology An institution-based cross-sectional study design was used to consecutively sample term and health newborns. Descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, independent samples t-test and correlation were implemented. Finally, multiple Linear regressions were used to see the association of the dependent and independent variables at 95% confidence interval. The significance level was declared at <0.05 p-value. Results The mean AF size of the study population was 3.018 cm with standard deviation (±SD) of 0.909 ...

Background. Apgar score is currently an accepted method for newborn infant assessment immediately after delivery. Low fifth minute Apgar score was strongly associated with the risk of neonatal and infant death. Even though much has been done, still, the levels of neonatal mortality in sub-Saharan African countries including Ethiopia were significant. Therefore, this study is aimed at identifying the risk factors so as providing strategies for decreasing the morbidity and mortality of newborns and identifying determinants of low fifth minute Apgar score among newborns delivered in Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia, 2018. Method. Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted involving 366 neonates delivered at Jimma University Medical Center. Data was collected by using interview questionnaire. Apgar score was assessed by standard tool at the 1st, 5th, and 10th minutes after birth and only 5th minute Apgar score was used as outcome variable. Consecutive sampl...

Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a disorder caused by the repetitive collapse of the upper airway during sleep. The pathophysiology of health problems related to OSA is most strongly linked to irregular hypoxia, which results in cell function damage. In our investigation, no determinants of the OSA were found. The pathophysiology of OSA-related health problems is most significantly associated with irregular hypoxia, which induces damage to cell functions. Determinants of the OSA were not identified in our study. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess obstructive sleep apnea among adult hypertensive patients on follows up at Jimma Medical center (JMC) in 2020. Methods: An institution-based descriptive cross-sectional study design was carried out at the JMC clinic during follow-up care. All hypertensive patients who attended the JMC's chronic follow-up clinic were our baseline populations, while those who gave their consent and met our inclusion criteria during...

The aim of the present study was to identify the risk factors and patient characteristics associated with permanent stomas after sphincter-saving resection for rectal cancer. Between 2000 and 2007, 2,362 patients underwent sphincter-saving surgery [low anterior resection or ultra-low anterior resection (uLAR)] for rectal cancer. These patients were divided into two groups: 71 patients with permanent stomas and 2,291 patients without permanent stomas after rectal cancer surgery. Of the 71 permanent stomas (3 % of the patients), 34 (48 %) were ileostomies, 11 (15 %) were loop colostomies, 10 (14 %) were treated by Hartmann's operation, and 16 (23 %) were treated by abdominoperineal resection. Diverting stomas were created in 364 patients; 3 % (n = 11) of them could not be reversed due to anastomosis-related complications. Permanent stomas were constructed at a median of 20 months after sphincter-saving surgery for rectal cancer. The main causes of permanent stomas were local recurrence (n = 27), anastomotic leakage (n = 12), fistula (n = 9), and anastomosis site stricture (n = 7). The main causes of early permanent stomas (<1 year) were anastomosis-related complications, whereas for late permanent stomas (≥1 year), the main cause was local cancer recurrence. The independent risk factors for permanent stomas were local recurrence, postoperative pelvic sepsis, male gender of the patient, the uLAR operation type, and perioperative radiation therapy. In a high-volume surgical center, sphincter-saving surgery for rectal cancer is associated with a low incidence of permanent stoma.

Poor sleep quality contributes to the development of various cardiovascular conditions. However, its real-world prevalence among cardiovascular inpatients and association with psychological disturbance is unknown. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of poor sleep quality and its association with depression and anxiety in cardiovascular patients, and explored whether sex and cardiovascular comorbidities modified these associations. A total of 1071 patients hospitalized for a broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases at a single university hospital were assessed (790 men, mean age 64±14years). We assessed sleep quality during their index hospitalization period using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); poor sleep quality was defined as PSQI>5. Depression and anxiety were assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The median PSQI score was 5.0 [3.0-7.0], and 461 inpatients (43%) had poor sleep quality. Multivariate regression analysis adjusting for p...

<jats:sec> <jats:title>Background:</jats:title> <jats:p>Stroke is a great public health problem in Ethiopia. According to reports, in-hospital stroke mortality was estimated to be 14.7% in Ethiopia. Despite this, in this country researches done on factors associated with stroke sub-types were inadequate.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Objective:</jats:title> <jats:p>To assess the Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke sub-types among patients admitted to JUMC.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods and materials:</jats:title> <jats:p>A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted from May 2017 to May 2018 in stroke unit of Jimma University Medical Center. A total of 106 medical charts of patients diagnosed with stroke were reviewed. Checklist comprising of relevant variables was used to collect data. SPSS version 21 was employed for data entry and analysis. Chi-square test was used to point-out association and difference among stroke sub-types. The data was presented using text, tables and figures.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Result:</jats:title> <jats:p>From a total of 106 patients, 67(63.2%) were men. The mean ± SD of age was 52.67±12.46 years, and no significant association was found. Of all the patients, 59(55.6%) had ischemic strokes and 47(44.4%) had hemorrhagic strokes. The most common risk factor in the patients was alcohol use with a prevalence of 69.9%. Of all the risk factors, only sex, cigarettes smoking and dyslipidemia were significantly associated to sub-types of stroke.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusion:</jats:title> <jats:p>Ischemic stroke was the most common subtype of stroke. Sex of patient, cigarette smoking and dyslipidemia are significantly associated with the two stroke subtypes.</jats:p> </jats:sec>