Nucleic acid composition, codon usage, and the rate of synonymous substitution in protein-coding genes (Q69205901)

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30 September 2019

title

Nucleic acid composition, codon usage, and the rate of synonymous substitution in protein-coding genes (English)

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30 September 2019

A Ticher

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30 September 2019

D Graur

series ordinal

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30 September 2019

publication date

1 April 1989

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Journal of Molecular Evolution

30 September 2019

published in

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30 September 2019

volume

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30 September 2019

issue

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30 September 2019

page(s)

286-298

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Contextual constraints on synonymous codon choice

30 September 2019

cites work

1 reference

12 December 2020

Pseudogenes as a paradigm of neutral evolution

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12 December 2020

A statistical analysis of nucleotide sequences of introns and exons in human genes

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12 December 2020

The glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase gene family: structure of a human cDNA and of an X chromosome linked pseudogene; amazing complexity of the gene family in mouse

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12 December 2020

Preferential codon usage in genes

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Molecular cloning and characterization of cDNA sequences coding for rat relaxin

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12 December 2020

Human metallothionein genes--primary structure of the metallothionein-II gene and a related processed gene

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12 December 2020

Structural and evolutionary relationships among five members of the human gamma-crystallin gene family

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12 December 2020

Nucleotide sequence divergence and functional constraint in mRNA evolution

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12 December 2020

The codon Adaptation Index--a measure of directional synonymous codon usage bias, and its potential applications

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12 December 2020

Preferential codon usage in prokaryotic genes: the optimal codon-anticodon interaction energy and the selective codon usage in efficiently expressed genes

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12 December 2020

A new method for estimating synonymous and nonsynonymous rates of nucleotide substitution considering the relative likelihood of nucleotide and codon changes

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12 December 2020

Nucleotide sequence and the encoded amino acids of human apolipoprotein A-I mRNA

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12 December 2020

Isolation and sequence analysis of a full-length cDNA for human M creatine kinase

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Diversity in G + C content at the third position of codons in vertebrate genes and its cause

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12 December 2020

Aminoacyl-tRNA(anticodon): codon adaptation in human and rabbit reticulocytes

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12 December 2020

Distribution of isoaccepting tRNAs and codons for proline and glycine in collagenous and noncollagenous chicken tissues

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12 December 2020

Codon usage tabulated from the GenBank Genetic Sequence Data

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12 December 2020

Nonrandomness of point mutation as reflected in nucleotide substitutions in pseudogenes and its evolutionary implications

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12 December 2020

Correlation between the abundance of yeast transfer RNAs and the occurrence of the respective codons in protein genes. Differences in synonymous codon choice patterns of yeast and Escherichia coli with reference to the abundance of isoaccepting tran

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12 December 2020

Nucleotide sequence of the cDNA encoding the precursor of the beta subunit of rat lutropin

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12 December 2020

A gene encoding rat cholecystokinin. Isolation, nucleotide sequence, and promoter activity

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12 December 2020

Isolation and sequence analysis of cDNA clones coding for rat skeletal muscle creatine kinase

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12 December 2020

The human vasopressin gene is linked to the oxytocin gene and is selectively expressed in a cultured lung cancer cell line

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12 December 2020

The molecular clock runs more slowly in man than in apes and monkeys

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12 December 2020

Biases of the estimates of DNA divergence obtained by the restriction enzyme technique

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12 December 2020

The gene for rat atrial natriuretic factor

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12 December 2020

Chromosomal localization of the human Thy-1 gene

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12 December 2020

Isolation and characterization of the human prolactin gene

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12 December 2020

An evaluation of the molecular clock hypothesis using mammalian DNA sequences

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12 December 2020

Corrected sequences of cDNAs for human salivary and pancreatic alpha-amylases [corrected]

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12 December 2020

Eukaryotic dinucleotide preference rules and their implications for degenerate codon usage

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12 December 2020

Evolutionary relationships of vertebrate lactate dehydrogenase isozymes A4 (muscle), B4 (heart), and C4 (testis).

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12 December 2020

Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of human Na,K-ATPase beta-subunit

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12 December 2020

Nucleotide sequences of the trpG regions of Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhimurium and Serratia marcescens

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12 December 2020

Rates of nucleotide substitution are evidently higher in rodents than in man

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12 December 2020

Sequence homology between RNAs encoding rat alpha-fetoprotein and rat serum albumin

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12 December 2020

Codon usage in muscle genes and liver genes

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12 December 2020

Deletions in processed pseudogenes accumulate faster in rodents than in humans

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12 December 2020

Evolution of the functional human beta-actin gene and its multi-pseudogene family: conservation of noncoding regions and chromosomal dispersion of pseudogenes

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12 December 2020

alpha Subunit of rat pituitary glycoprotein hormones. Primary structure of the precursor determined from the nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNAs

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12 December 2020

Nucleotide sequence of trpE of Salmonella typhimurium and its homology with the corresponding sequence of Escherichia coli

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12 December 2020

Missense misreading of asparagine codons as a function of codon identity and context

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12 December 2020

DNA mismatch correction

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12 December 2020

Bacteriophage MS2 RNA: A correlation between the stability of the codon: Anticodon interaction and the choice of code words

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12 December 2020

Gene encoding parathyroid hormone. Nucleotide sequence of the rat gene and deduced amino acid sequence of rat preproparathyroid hormone

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12 December 2020

Mammalian pancreatic preproglucagon contains three glucagon-related peptides

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12 December 2020

Structural features of multiple nifH-like sequences and very biased codon usage in nitrogenase genes of Clostridium pasteurianum

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12 December 2020

Evidence for higher rates of nucleotide substitution in rodents than in man

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12 December 2020

Multiple mRNAs from rat kidney and brain encode a single Na+,K+-ATPase beta subunit protein

1 reference

12 December 2020

Correlation between the abundance of Escherichia coli transfer RNAs and the occurrence of the respective codons in its protein genes: A proposal for a synonymous codon choice that is optimal for the E. coli translational system

1 reference

12 December 2020

Nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding human atrial natriuretic factor precursor

1 reference

12 December 2020

DNA sequence of the rat growth hormone gene: location of the 5' terminus of the growth hormone mRNA and identification of an internal transposon-like element

1 reference

12 December 2020

Structural organization of human genomic DNA encoding the pro-opiomelanocortin peptide

1 reference

12 December 2020

Expression of human alpha-tubulin genes: interspecies conservation of 3' untranslated regions

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12 December 2020

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12 December 2020

Codon usage in histone gene families of higher eukaryotes reflects functional rather than phylogenetic relationships

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12 December 2020

Extraordinarily high evolutionary rate of pseudogenes: evidence for the presence of selective pressure against changes between synonymous codons

1 reference

12 December 2020

Various rat adult tissues express only one major mRNA species from the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase multigenic family

1 reference

12 December 2020

Primary structures of human alpha-fetoprotein and its mRNA

1 reference

12 December 2020

Rat apolipoprotein E mRNA. Cloning and sequencing of double-stranded cDNA

1 reference

12 December 2020

Comparative analysis of repeated sequences in rat apolipoproteins A-I, A-IV, and E

1 reference

12 December 2020

Molecular cloning of the rat metallothionein 1 (MT-1) mRNA sequence

1 reference

12 December 2020

Genetic Variation in the Human Insulin Gene

1 reference

12 December 2020

The gene encoding the common alpha subunit of the four human glycoprotein hormones

1 reference

12 December 2020

Codon usage and transfer RNA contents: organism-specific codon-choice patterns in reference to the isoacceptor contents

1 reference

12 December 2020

Correlation between the abundance of Escherichia coli transfer RNAs and the occurrence of the respective codons in its protein genes

1 reference

12 December 2020

Relaxin gene expression in human ovaries and the predicted structure of a human preprorelaxin by analysis of cDNA clones

1 reference

12 December 2020

Structure of the human glucagon gene

1 reference

12 December 2020

Structural analysis of the prolactin gene suggests a separate origin for its 5′ end

1 reference

12 December 2020

Amino acid composition and the evolutionary rates of protein-coding genes.

1 reference

12 December 2020

Nucleotide sequence and the encoded amino acids of human serum albumin mRNA.

1 reference

12 December 2020

Directional mutation pressure and neutral molecular evolution

1 reference

12 December 2020

Localization of the human prealbumin gene to chromosome 18.

1 reference

12 December 2020

RNA-mediated gene duplication: the rat preproinsulin I gene is a functional retroposon

1 reference

12 December 2020

Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone for human aldolase: a messenger RNA in the liver

1 reference

12 December 2020

Most of the coding region of rat ACTH beta--LPH precursor gene lacks intervening sequences

1 reference

12 December 2020

Codon selection in yeast

1 reference

12 December 2020

The primary structure of rabbit and rat prealbumin and a comparison with the tertiary structure of human prealbumin

1 reference

12 December 2020

Nucleotide sequence of the human parathyroid hormone gene

1 reference

12 December 2020

Patterns of nucleotide substitution in pseudogenes and functional genes

1 reference

12 December 2020

Human somatostatin I: sequence of the cDNA

1 reference

12 December 2020

Molecules as documents of evolutionary history

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12 December 2020

Characterization and evolution of the expressed rat ferritin light subunit gene and its pseudogene family. Conservation of sequences within noncoding regions of ferritin genes

1 reference

12 December 2020

Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the human growth hormone structural gene

1 reference

12 December 2020

Apolipoprotein multigene family: tandem organization of human apolipoprotein AI, CIII, and AIV genes

1 reference

12 December 2020

Human metallothionein MT-I and MT-II processed genes

1 reference

12 December 2020

Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of cloned human and guinea-pig pre-α-lactalbumin cDNA with that of chick pre-lysozyme cDNA suggests evolution from a common ancestral gene

1 reference

12 December 2020

The frequency of transcriptional and translational errors at nonsense codons in the lacZ gene of Escherichia coli

1 reference

12 December 2020

Codon usage in bacteria: correlation with gene expressivity

1 reference

12 December 2020

Evidence that a human beta-tubulin pseudogene is derived from its corresponding mRNA.

1 reference

12 December 2020

Constraints on codon context in Escherichia coli genes. Their possible role in modulating the efficiency of translation

1 reference

12 December 2020

The rate of synonymous substitution in enterobacterial genes is inversely related to codon usage bias

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12 December 2020

Molecular structure and evolutionary origin of human cardiac muscle actin gene

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12 December 2020

Fidelity of DNA synthesis

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12 December 2020

Human apolipoprotein E mRNA. cDNA cloning and nucleotide sequencing of a new variant

1 reference

12 December 2020

Nucleotide sequences of the cDNA and an intronless pseudogene for human lactate dehydrogenase-A isozyme

1 reference

12 December 2020

Molecular cloning of the human thyrotropin-beta subunit gene

1 reference

12 December 2020

Nucleotide and amino acid sequence comparisons of preprosomatostatins

1 reference

12 December 2020

Molecular cloning of the human cholecystokinin gene by use of a synthetic probe containing deoxyinosine

1 reference

12 December 2020

Expression of the genes coding for the skeletal muscle and cardiac actions in the heart.

1 reference

12 December 2020

The nucleotide sequence of rat α-tubulin: 3'-end characteristics, and evolutionary conservation

1 reference

12 December 2020

Rapidly evolving mouse alpha-globin-related pseudo gene and its evolutionary history

1 reference

12 December 2020

Remarks on the evolution of polynucleotides compared to that of polypeptides

1 reference

12 December 2020

Structure of a family of rat amylase genes

1 reference

12 December 2020

Structure and evolution of the apolipoprotein multigene family

1 reference

12 December 2020

The nucleotide sequence of the rat cytoplasmic β–actin gene

1 reference

12 December 2020

1 reference

12 December 2020

Nucleotide sequence of cloned rat serum albumin messenger RNA.

1 reference

12 December 2020

Coevolution of codon usage and transfer RNA abundance

1 reference

12 December 2020

Isolation of partial cDNAs for rat liver and muscle glycogen phosphorylase isozymes

1 reference

12 December 2020

Evolution and structure of the fibrinogen genes. Random insertion of introns or selective loss?

1 reference

12 December 2020

Rat aldolase A messenger RNA: the nucleotide sequence and multiple mRNA species with different 5'-terminal regions

1 reference

12 December 2020

Sequence of a cDNA clone encoding human preproinsulin-like growth factor II.

1 reference

12 December 2020

Characterization of a complementary deoxyribonucleic acid coding for the alpha chain of human fibrinogen.

1 reference

12 December 2020

Low molecular weight deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase from calf thymus chromatin. II. Initiation and fidelity of homopolymer replication

1 reference

12 December 2020

Evolutionary nucleotide replacements in DNA

1 reference

12 December 2020

The context effect does not require a fourth base pair

1 reference

12 December 2020

Rat aldolase isozyme gene

1 reference

12 December 2020

Rat metallothionein-1 structural gene and three pseudogenes, one of which contains 5'-regulatory sequences

1 reference

12 December 2020

Preponderance of synonymous changes as evidence for the neutral theory of molecular evolution

1 reference

12 December 2020

Thy-1 cDNA sequence suggests a novel regulatory mechanism

1 reference

12 December 2020

Sequence of the precursor to rat ornithine aminotransferase deduced from a cDNA clone

1 reference

12 December 2020

Translation is a non-uniform process. Effect of tRNA availability on the rate of elongation of nascent polypeptide chains

1 reference

12 December 2020

Complete amino acid sequence for human aldolase B derived from cDNA and genomic clones

1 reference

12 December 2020

[Relationship between base composition in non-coding DNA of genes and codon composition]

1 reference

12 December 2020

Cloning of the gene coding for human L apoferritin

1 reference

12 December 2020

Sequence analysis of the cDNA encoding human liver glycogen phosphorylase reveals tissue-specific codon usage

1 reference

12 December 2020

Insulin-like growth factor II precursor gene organization in relation to insulin gene family

1 reference

12 December 2020

Molecular cloning of human ornithine aminotransferase mRNA

1 reference

12 December 2020

Intron insertions and deletions in the beta/gamma-crystallin gene family: the rat beta B1 gene

1 reference

12 December 2020

Codon usage and tRNA content in unicellular and multicellular organisms

1 reference

12 December 2020