The vital link between chronic disease and depressive disorders (Q25255770)

6 July 2017

2 references

13 March 2019

18 November 2020

The vital link between chronic disease and depressive disorders (English)

1 reference

6 July 2017

1 reference

13 March 2019

1 reference

18 November 2020

Tara W Strine

1 reference

6 July 2017

Daniel P Chapman

1 reference

6 July 2017

Geraldine S Perry

series ordinal

1 reference

6 July 2017

language of work or name

English

0 references

publication date

15 December 2004

1 reference

Preventing Chronic Disease

6 July 2017

1 January 2005

2 references

13 March 2019

18 November 2020

3 references

6 July 2017

13 March 2019

18 November 2020

1 reference

6 July 2017

1 reference

6 July 2017

page(s)

A14

1 reference

Platelet/endothelial biomarkers in depressed patients treated with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline after acute coronary events: the Sertraline AntiDepressant Heart Attack Randomized Trial (SADHART) Platelet Substudy

6 July 2017

cites work

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

The prevalence of comorbid depression in adults with diabetes: a meta-analysis

7 April 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Treatment of depression in cancer

7 April 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Physical inactivity and overweight among Los Angeles County adults

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Are mood disorders and obesity related? A review for the mental health professional.

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Development of a preliminary diabetes dietary satisfaction and outcomes measure for patients with type 2 diabetes

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Recognizing and treating depression in patients with diabetes

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Depression as a risk factor for mortality after acute myocardial infarction.

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Meeting the challenge of chronic illness in general practice.

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Psychiatric symptoms in patients with asthma causality, comorbidity, or shared genetic etiology

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Clinical and health services relationships between major depression, depressive symptoms, and general medical illness

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Effect of depression on stroke morbidity and mortality

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Do depressive symptoms increase the risk for the onset of coronary disease? A systematic quantitative review

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Depression and prognosis following hospital admission because of acute myocardial infarction

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Psychological outcomes associated with anemia-related fatigue in cancer patients

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Depression as a predictor for coronary heart disease. a review and meta-analysis

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Assessment and treatment of depression following myocardial infarction

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Self-reported symptom experience of critically ill cancer patients receiving intensive care

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Maternal depressive symptoms and emergency department use among inner-city children with asthma

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Depression, anxiety, and quality of life in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Depression and asthma in children

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Effects of depressive symptoms on health-related quality of life in asthma patients

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Depression in pediatric chronic illness. A diathesis-stress model

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Depression, psychotropic medication, and risk of myocardial infarction. Prospective data from the Baltimore ECA follow-up

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Psychiatric illness and cardiovascular disease risk

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Anxiety and depression in relation to respiratory symptoms and asthma

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

The global burden of disease in 1990: summary results, sensitivity analysis and future directions

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Adjuvant psychological therapy for patients with cancer: a prospective randomised trial

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

A survey of psychotropic drug prescriptions in an oncology population

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Impaired voluntary drive to breathe: a possible link between depression and unexplained ventilatory failure in asthmatic patients

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Most patients depressed by cancer do not need drugs

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Depression, hopelessness, and desire for hastened death in terminally ill patients with cancer

31 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Depression and myocardial infarction. Implications for medical prognosis and options for treatment

31 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Measures of physical function and emotional well being for young adults with arthritis

31 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Levels and risks of depression and anxiety symptomatology among diabetic adults

31 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Symptoms of depression, acute myocardial infarction, and total mortality in a community sample

31 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Measurement of depression in patients with cancer.

31 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Arthritis disability, depression, and life satisfaction among black elderly people

31 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

New interdisciplinary cognitive-behavioural-nutritional approach to obesity treatment: a 5-year follow-up study

31 May 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Depression and the metabolic syndrome in young adults: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Tailoring cognitive-behavioral treatment for cancer pain

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Depressive symptoms and the risk of type 2 diabetes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Management of depression in rheumatoid arthritis: a combined pharmacologic and cognitive-behavioral approach

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Cognitive behavioural therapy for obesity: one-year follow-up in a clinical setting

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

A reappraisal of poststroke depression, intra- and inter-hemispheric lesion location using meta-analysis

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Depressive symptoms in advanced cancer. Part 2. Depression over time; the role of the palliative care professional

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Mortality and poststroke depression: a placebo-controlled trial of antidepressants

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Symptoms of depression as a risk factor for incident diabetes: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, 1971-1992.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Cognitive and somatic symptoms of depression are associated with medical comorbidity in patients after acute myocardial infarction.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Do asthma and physical inactivity influence the associations of personal and job stressors with perceived stress and depression? Findings from the 1998-1999 California Work and Health Survey

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Fluoxetine Versus Placebo in Advanced Cancer Outpatients: A Double-Blinded Trial of the Hoosier Oncology Group

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Asthma symptoms associated with depression and lower quality of life: a population survey

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Antidepressant prescribing in community cancer care

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Poststroke depression: an 18-month follow-up

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Use of a depression screening tool and a fluoxetine-based algorithm to improve the recognition and treatment of depression in cancer patients. A demonstration project

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Asthma: the psychosocial impact among a sample of south western Nigerians.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Effects of cognitive-behavioural therapy on health-related quality of life in obese subjects with and without binge eating disorder

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Exercise and depressive symptoms: a comparison of aerobic and resistance exercise effects on emotional and physical function in older persons with high and low depressive symptomatology

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Self-efficacy, depressive symptoms, and patients' expectations predict outcomes in asthma.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Obesity and mental illness in a representative sample of young women

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Psychopathology in patients with severe asthma is associated with increased health care utilization

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Cardiovascular risk factors for people with mental illness

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Prospective study of depressive symptoms and risk of stroke among japanese

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Mortality at 12 and 24 months after stroke may be associated with depressive symptoms at 1 month.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Quality of life, overweight, and body fat distribution in middle-aged men.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

A randomized controlled study of the Arthritis Self-Management Programme in the UK.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Treatment of cognitive impairment after poststroke depression : a double-blind treatment trial

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Relations of diabetes intrusiveness and personal control to symptoms of depression among adults with diabetes.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Asthma severity and psychopathology in a tertiary care department for children and adolescent

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Combined medical and psychological symptoms: impact on disability and health care utilization of patients with arthritis.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Psychiatric morbidity in terminally ill cancer patients. A prospective study.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Mental distress, obesity and body fat distribution in middle-aged men.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among cancer patients.

28 November 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=1323317

Cognitive-behavioral approaches in the management of obesity

28 November 2018

1 reference

12 December 2020

Recurrent symptoms: well-being and management

1 reference

12 December 2020

Association of depression and diabetes complications: a meta-analysis

1 reference

12 December 2020

Even minimal symptoms of depression increase mortality risk after acute myocardial infarction

1 reference

12 December 2020

The relation of body mass index to depressive symptoms

1 reference

12 December 2020

Diabetes, depression and employment status

1 reference

12 December 2020

Patients with depression are less likely to follow recommendations to reduce cardiac risk during recovery from a myocardial infarction

1 reference

12 December 2020

[Benefits of physical activity and harms of inactivity]

1 reference

12 December 2020

Depression and cardiac disease

1 reference

12 December 2020

Cognitive behavioural intervention in bronchial asthma

1 reference

12 December 2020

Fluoxetine for depression in diabetes: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial

1 reference

12 December 2020

The interface of obesity and depression: risk factors for the metabolic syndrome

1 reference

12 December 2020

The cancer patient with pain: psychiatric complications and their management

1 reference

12 December 2020

Implications of failing to achieve successful long-term maintenance treatment of recurrent unipolar major depression

1 reference

12 December 2020

Long-term efficacy of a cognitive behavioural treatment from a randomized controlled trial for patients recently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis

1 reference

12 December 2020

Cognitive behavior therapy for depression in type 2 diabetes mellitus. A randomized, controlled trial

1 reference

12 December 2020

Exercise in the treatment of osteoarthritis

1 reference

12 December 2020

Symptoms of depression are important to psychological adaptation and metabolic control in children with diabetes mellitus

1 reference

12 December 2020

Arthritis problem indicator: preliminary report on a new tool for use in the primary care setting

1 reference

12 December 2020

Symptoms of depression as a prospective risk factor for stroke

1 reference

12 December 2020

Effect of improving depression care on pain and functional outcomes among older adults with arthritis: a randomized controlled trial

1 reference

12 December 2020

Comorbid depression is associated with increased health care use and expenditures in individuals with diabetes

1 reference

12 December 2020

Childhood Asthma, Chronic Illness, and Psychiatric Disorders

1 reference

12 December 2020

The association between weight change and psychological well-being in women

1 reference

12 December 2020

Prevalence and effects of cardiac rehabilitation on depression in the elderly with coronary heart disease

1 reference

12 December 2020

Tailored cognitive-behavioral therapy in early rheumatoid arthritis for patients at risk: a randomized controlled trial

1 reference

12 December 2020

Psychological disorder in asthma is associated with poor control and poor adherence to inhaled steroids

1 reference

12 December 2020

Depression in patients recovering from a myocardial infarction

1 reference

12 December 2020

Symptoms of depression and changes in body weight from adolescence to mid-life

1 reference

12 December 2020

Cognitive-behavioral stress management increases benefit finding and immune function among women with early-stage breast cancer

1 reference

12 December 2020

Cardiovascular effects of antidepressant drugs: updated

1 reference

12 December 2020

Depressive symptoms and history of depression predict rehabilitation efficiency in stroke patients

1 reference

12 December 2020

Identifiers

PMC publication ID

1323317

1 reference

6 July 2017

1 reference