Flow & Wave Analysis And Improvement
of Navigation Channel in Yangon River
Presented by
PH - 2 Mg Min Thet Paing
PH - 3 Mg Aung Khant Paing
PH - 9 Ma Hnin Wityee Naing
PH - 11 Mg Hein Htet Shwe Sin
PH - 12 Mg Pai Pai Kyaw Lin Thu
PH - 25 Ma Phue Phue Ngwe Thein
Table of contents
1 Introduction 2 Reason & Progress
Time Scale &
3 Methodology 4 Expected
result
Overview Data of Site Location
➢ Location - The Yangon River is located in
southern Myanmar, flowing from the city of
Yangon into the Gulf of Martaban
➢ Length - about 40 km long (25 miles)
➢ Depth - average about 30 feet (9 metres)
➢ Flow Velocity - peak velocity of the current at
Yangon river is 4 to 7 knots at spring flood
and ebb tide Geomorphological Map of Yangon river
in and around area
Environmental Data
Wind Wave Tide
Seasonal variations, with Generally small to moderate Semi-diurnal tides, with significant
stronger winds during the (0.2 to 1.5 meters), with fluctuations (3-5 meters), affecting
monsoon (southwest winds) potential for larger waves water levels and navigation,
and lighter winds during the during storms or strong particularly during spring and neap
dry season (northeast winds) winds tides
Why We Chose This Project?
Reason : Yangon river accumulates sediment over time reducing in
water depth and becomes unsuitable for larger vessels to
navigate in the channel
Aim : To ensure adequate water depth for larger vessels in a
navigation channel of Yangon river
Progress
Bathymetry Data GEBCO / ETOPO 5
Flow Mike 21 Flow Model
Wave Mike 21 BW Model
Seasonal Variation & Tidal Variation Ref : Data
Type of Soil Ref : Data
Sediment Transport Mike 21 Sediment Transport
Dredging TIN
ETOPO5: A Detailed Look At Earth’s
Surface
● A global relief model that combines topography
and bathymetry data
● Provides a detailed, high-resolution view of Earth’
surface
● Global coverage
● 5 minutes grid spacing
Mapping the Ocean Floor: GEBCO
• Provide general Bathymetry Chart of the
Oceans
• Up-to-date data available
• Produce global and regional bathymetric
charts and grids
• Enable studies on Ocean currents, marine
ecosystems, and climate changes
ETOPO5 VS GEBCO
● multiple resolutions
● 5-arc-minute resolution
available: 1-arc-minute
and 30-arc-second
● Combines elevation data
with bathymetry data ● Continuously updated
from various sources with the latest
bathymetric data from
● Provides a global various sources
overview of Earth’s
topography ● Primarily focuses on
bathymetry, although it
● Less frequent updates, as also includes land
it relies on a static elevation data
dataset ● More frequent updates
due to ongoing data
collection and processing
QGIS: A Powerful Tools for Spatial
Analysis
• Open-Source Powerhouse
• Empower users to analyze and
visualize geospatial data
• Offer wide range of tools for
data management, analysis, and
cartography
• Able to add flexible plugin
ecosystem due to your specific
needs
• Real-World Applications
TIN (Triangulated Irregular Network) Model
:For Calculating Dredging Volume
Digital representation of a surface, such as terrain or elevation,
constructed using non-overlapping triangles.
Commonly used in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for terrain
analysis, hydrology, and surface modeling.
Procedure
[Link] Collection
(i) Existing Surface Data
(ii) Target Surface Data
[Link] of TIN Surfaces
(i) In QGIS ,use TIN interpolation tool
(ii) Overlap two surfaces
[Link] the Volume
Use raster Calculator to compute the
volume difference of two TINS.
[Link] output
The software will calculate volumes for
• Cut (dredged volume):
Material removed where the pre-dredging
surface is higher than the design surface.
• Fill (optional): Material needed where the
pre-dredging surface is lower than the
[Link] design surface.
Accuracy
Flexibility
Computational Efficiency
Less Complexity
MIKE 21
2-Dimensional
Modeling Software
MIKE 21 MIKE 21
1 MIKE 21 FM HD - For simulating flow
2 MIKE 21 BW - For simulating wave
3 MIKE 21 Sediment Transport - For simulating sediment transport
MT (Mud Transport)
&
ST (Sand Transport)
MIKE 21 Flow Model FM(Flexible Mesh)
MIKE 21 Flow Model FM(Flexible Mesh)
Input requirements
- Bathymetry Data
- Boundary Conditions
- Initial Conditions
- Meteorological data
MIKE 21 Flow Model FM(Flexible Mesh)
Outputs
- Discharge/Flow Rates
- Velocity Fields
- Flow Patterns
- Water Depths Over Time`
MIKE 21 Sediment Transport
Input requirements
- Outputs from Mike 21 FM HD
- Grain Size Distribution
- Settling
Velocity
- Boundary
Conditions of Sediment
- Initial Bed Conditions
(e.g., percentage of
sand, mud)
MIKE 21 Sediment Transport
Outputs
- Sediment Concentration
- Bed Shear Stress
- Erosion and Deposition Rates
- Bed Level Changes
- Sediment Layer Thickness
Fortifying Yangon: Dike Wall Protection
• To trap sediment in Yangon river
• Protection from floods and erosion of river bank and local
• Environmental Sustainability
Types Of Dike Wall
• Gravity Dike Wall
• Cantilever Dike Wall
• Sheet Pile Dike Wall
• Reinforced Concrete Dike Wall
• Rock-Fill Dike Wall
• Earthen Dike Wall
• Hybrid Dike Wall
Mike 21 BW: Boussinesq Wave Model
• Used to stimulate wave dynamics in
shallow water environments
• Focuses on wave propagation,
transformation and interactions with the
seabed and currents
• Models Non-linear wave behavior : wave
breaking and diffraction
• Coastal engineering
• Wave Forecasting and hindcasting
• Sediment transport
Input Parameters
• Bathymetry data
• Initial Wave Conditions
• Wave Energy Flux
• Wave-Current Interaction Effects
• Wave Transformation
Output Data
• Wave Height
• Wave Period
• Wave Direction
• Wave Energy Flux
• Wave-Current Interaction
Effects
• Wave Transformation
• Sediment Transport
Overall Procedure
Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug
Wave (PH-2, 3, 11)
Sedimentation
Dredging+Dikewall
Sedimentation
Flow (PH-9, 12, 25)
Expected Results
1. Improved Navigation 2. Boosted Port Operations 3. Economic Benefits
Increased Cargo Trade Growth
Enhanced Depth Job Creation
Widened Channel Throughput
Reduced Shipping Increased Foreign Investment
Year-Round Accessibility
Costs:
4. Environmental Considerations 5. Hydrodynamic Changes
Sediment Management Flow Improvement
Potential Risks
Thank You
For Your
Attention
