MONDAY
8/12/2024
TAKE OUT
SOMETHING
FOR NOTES!!!!
REMINDERS:
CH 1 & 2
READING QUIZ
FRIDAY 8/16
The Neolithic
Revolution
(9,000BCE-3,500BCE)
• Sometimes termed the
Agricultural Revolution.
• Humans begin to slowly domesticate
plants and animals in Southwest Asia.
• Agriculture requires nomadic peoples
to become sedentary.
• Populations begin to rise in areas
where plant and animal
Costs & Advantages of Agriculture
Advantages Costs
Steady food supplies Heavily dependent
on certain food crops
Greater populations (failure = starvation)
Leads Disease from close
to organized
societies capable of contact with animals,
supporting additional humans, & waste
vocations (soldiers,
managers, etc.) Reduced mobility
Agriculture Slowly Spreads
Was it independent development
or
cultural
• Areas of diffusion?
Independent
Development:
1. SW Asia (horses, cows, pigs, sheep &
goats…also has wheat, and other crops)
2. China & SE Asia (rice, millet, pigs)
3. Americas (corn, beans, potato, llamas)
• Areas of Agriculture through
Diffusion:
1. Europe
Interactions Between
Nomadic Peoples and
Sedentary Agricultural
• Some nomadic peoples
Peoples
engaged in pastoralism.
• Some practiced slash & burn
agriculture.
• The violent and peaceful interaction
between nomads and agriculturalists
endures throughout history (trade &
Benefits of Neolithic Revolution
More protein from domesticated and tamed animals.
Animals not only give meat but milk, fertilizer and power.
Horses also were a vital weapon and would be the
major military vehicle until World War I.
Domesticated animals are responsible for the spread of
germs and disease. (pox, measles, flu) Immunity of
agriculturalists help them push migrators out of area.
Food surplus from plants allowing for increased
population and longer life. Surplus also led to job
specialization: leaders, soldiers, priests and artisans.
COMPLEX SOCIETIES can now form.
Sedentary Agriculturalists
Dominate
• First plow invented c.6,000BCE;
crop yields grow exponentially by 4000BCE.
Pop. grows from 5-8 million to 60-70 million.
• Eventually agricultural populations begin to
spread out, displacing or assimilating
nomadic groups; farming groups grow large
enough for advanced social organization.
Role of Women “Great Leap
Sideways”
• Women generally lost status under
male-dominated, patriarchal
systems.
• Women were limited in vocation,
Planting, weeding, harvesting, grinding
– fossil evidence
Advanced Civilization: The Next
Step? large,
• By 3500BCE, relatively
advanced preliterate societies had
developed along the Indus, Huang
He, Nile, and Tigris & Euphrates
Rivers.
• As societies grew in size and need,
sedentary human beings were once
again faced with pressures to adapt
to changing natural and human
Early Human Impact on the
Environment
• Deforestation in places where copper,
bronze, and salt were produced.
• Erosion and flooding where
agriculture disturbed soil and natural
vegetation.
• Selective extinction of large land
animals and weed plants due to
hunting & agriculture.
The six characteristics of
1. Advanced civilization
cities
population size (10,000s)
trade/ administrative centers
religious centers
First Towns Develop
Çatal Hüyük Jericho
(Modern Turkey) (Modern Israel)
relatively egalitarian---no evidence of
labor specialization or gender distinction
First
First settled:
settled:
c. 7000BCE c. 7000BCE
2. Specialized Workers
• Lived in cities, fed by surplus food
Artisans, shopkeepers, soldiers, officials,
rulers, priests
3. Social Classes
Rulers
and
priests
nobles
Invert
Artisans and these two
merchants if talking
about
China
farmers
Slaves
4. Complex Institutions
the long- lasting patterns of organization
• Government
• Religion
• Education
• military
5.Recordkeeping/writing
Keep track of events, time, business transactions,
religious rituals
6. Advanced technology
• Monumental architecture
• Art, public works
• New tools
Technological Advancements
Wheeled Vehicles
•Save labor, allow transport of large loads and
enhance trade
Potters Wheel (c.6000BCE)
•Allows the construction of more durable clay
vessels and artwork
Irrigation & Driven Plows
•Allow further increase of food production,
encourages pop. growth
Caveman Chat
Write a summary of your social studies topic (term, person, event, place, era) using only 1 syllable words.
TOPIC:
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