1

13.12 Mouse Event Handling

Event-listener interfaces for mouse events

UTM-Java Event Handling

Fig. 13.16 MouseListener and MouseMotionListener interface methods

Called when a mouse button is pressed while the mouse cursor is on a component.
pub l c vo i ouseC lcked( M ouseEventevent ) i m d i

Called when a mouse button is pressed and released while the mouse cursor remains stationary on a component.
pub l c vo i ouseR el i m d eased(M ouseEventevent )

Called when a mouse button is released after being pressed. This event is always preceded by a m ousePressed event.
pub l c vo i ouseEnt i m d ered(M ouseEventevent )

Called when the mouse cursor enters the bounds of a component.

Called when the mouse cursor leaves the bounds of a component. Methods of interface M ouseM oti onLi stene r
pub l c vo i ouseD ragged( M ouseEventevent ) i m d

Called when the mouse button is pressed while the mouse cursor is on a component and the mouse is moved while the mouse button remains pressed. This event is always preceded by a call to m ousePressed. All drag events are sent to the component on which the drag began.
pub l c vo i ouseM oved(M ouseEventevent ) i m d

Called when the mouse is moved when the mouse cursor on a component. All move events are sent to the component over which the mouse is currently positioned.

UTM-Java Event Handling

3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 // Fig. 13.17: MouseTracker.java // Demonstrating mouse events. import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; public class MouseTracker extends JFrame implements MouseListener, MouseMotionListener { private JLabel statusBar; // set up GUI and register mouse event handlers public MouseTracker() { super( "Demonstrating Mouse Events" ); statusBar = new JLabel(); getContentPane().add( statusBar, BorderLayout.SOUTH ); addMouseListener( this ); addMouseMotionListener( this ); setSize( 275, 100 ); setVisible( true ); }

Outline
MouseTracker.ja va Lines 20-21

Register JFrame to receive mouse events

// listens for own mouse and // mouse-motion events

4
27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 // MouseListener event handlers // handle event when mouse released immediately after press public void mouseClicked( MouseEvent event ) { statusBar.setText( "Clicked at [" + event.getX() + ", " + event.getY() + "]" ); } // handle event when mouse pressed public void mousePressed( MouseEvent event ) { statusBar.setText( "Pressed at [" + event.getX() + ", " + event.getY() + "]" ); } // handle event when mouse released after dragging public void mouseReleased( MouseEvent event ) { statusBar.setText( "Released at [" + event.getX() + ", " + event.getY() + "]" ); } // handle event when mouse enters area public void mouseEntered( MouseEvent event ) {

Outline
Invoked when user presses and releases mouse button MouseTracker.ja va Line 29 Invoked when user Line 36 presses mouse button Line 43 Line 50 Invoked when user releases mouse button after dragging mouse

Invoked when mouse cursor enters JFrame

5
52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 statusBar.setText( "Mouse entered at [" + event.getX() + ", " + event.getY() + "]" ); getContentPane().setBackground( Color.GREEN ); } // handle event when mouse exits area public void mouseExited( MouseEvent event ) { statusBar.setText( "Mouse outside window" ); getContentPane().setBackground( Color.WHITE ); } // MouseMotionListener event handlers // handle event when user drags mouse with button pressed public void mouseDragged( MouseEvent event ) { statusBar.setText( "Dragged at [" + event.getX() + ", " + event.getY() + "]" ); } // handle event when user moves mouse public void mouseMoved( MouseEvent event ) { statusBar.setText( "Moved at [" + event.getX() + ", " + event.getY() + "]" ); }

Outline
MouseTracker.ja va Invoked when mouse cursor exits Line 58 JFrame Line 66 Line 73 Invoked when user drags mouse cursor

Invoked when user moves mouse cursor

6
79 80 81 82 83 84 85 public static void main( String args[] ) { MouseTracker application = new MouseTracker(); application.setDefaultCloseOperation( JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE ); } } // end class MouseTracker

Outline
MouseTracker.ja va

13.13 Adapter Classes

Adapter class
Implements interface Provides default implementation of each interface method Used when all methods in interface is not needed

UTM-Java Event Handling

Fig. 13.18 Event-adapter classes and the interfaces they implement in package java.awt.event

Event-adapter class Com ponent dapt A er Cont i rA dapt a ne er FocusA dapt er KeyAdapt er M ouseAdapt er M ouseM oti onA dapt er Wi ndow Adapt er

Implements interface Com ponent stener Li Cont i rLi a ne ste ne r FocusLi stener KeyLi stener M ouseLi stener M ouseM oti onLi stene r Wi ndow Li stener

UTM-Java Event Handling

9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 // Fig. 13.19: Painter.java // Using class MouseMotionAdapter. import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; public class Painter extends JFrame { private int pointCount = 0; // array of 1000 java.awt.Point references private Point points[] = new Point[ 1000 ]; // set up GUI and register mouse event handler public Painter() { super( "A simple paint program" ); // create a label and place it in SOUTH of BorderLayout getContentPane().add( new JLabel( "Drag the mouse to draw" ), BorderLayout.SOUTH ); addMouseMotionListener( new MouseMotionAdapter() {

Outline
Painter.java Line 22

Register MouseMotionListener to listen for windows mouse-motion events

10
26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 // store drag coordinates and repaint public void mouseDragged( MouseEvent event ) { if ( pointCount < points.length ) { points[ pointCount ] = event.getPoint(); ++pointCount; repaint(); } } } // end anonymous inner class ); // end call to addMouseMotionListener setSize( 300, 150 ); setVisible( true ); } // end Painter constructor // draw oval in a 4-by-4 bounding box at specified location on window public void paint( Graphics g ) { super.paint( g ); // clears drawing area for ( int i = 0; i < points.length && points[ i ] != null; i++ ) g.fillOval( points[ i ].x, points[ i ].y, 4, 4 ); }

Outline Override method mouseDragged, but not method mouseMoved

Store coordinates where mouse was Line 27 dragged, then repaint JFrame
Line 30 Line 51

Draw circle of diameter 4 where user dragged cursor

11
53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

Outline
public static void main( String args[] ) { Painter application = new Painter(); application.setDefaultCloseOperation( JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE ); } } // end class Painter

Painter.java

12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 // Fig. 13.20: MouseDetails.java // Demonstrating mouse clicks and distinguishing between mouse buttons. import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; public class MouseDetails extends JFrame { private int xPos, yPos; // set title bar String; register mouse listener; size and show window public MouseDetails() { super( "Mouse clicks and buttons" ); addMouseListener( new MouseClickHandler() ); setSize( 350, 150 ); setVisible( true ); } // draw String at location where mouse was clicked public void paint( Graphics g ) { // call superclass paint method super.paint( g );

Outline
MouseDetails.ja va Line 15

Register mouse listener

13
27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 g.drawString( "Clicked @ [" + xPos + ", " + yPos + "]", xPos, yPos ); } public static void main( String args[] ) { MouseDetails application = new MouseDetails(); application.setDefaultCloseOperation( JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE ); } // inner class to handle mouse events private class MouseClickHandler extends MouseAdapter {

Outline
MouseDetails.ja va Line 41

Lines 43-44 Invoke method mouseClicked when user clicks mouse Line 46

// handle mouse click event and determine which button was pressed Line 48 public void mouseClicked( MouseEvent event ) Store mouse-cursor coordinates { where mouse was clicked xPos = event.getX(); Determine Line 51 of number yPos = event.getY(); String title = "Clicked " + event.getClickCount() + " time(s)"; if ( event.isMetaDown() ) // right mouse button title += " with right mouse button"; else if ( event.isAltDown() ) // middle mouse button title += " with center mouse button";

times user has clicked mouse

Determine if user clicked right mouse button Determine if user clicked middle mouse button

14
53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64

Outline
else // left mouse button title += " with left mouse button"; setTitle( title ); repaint(); // set title bar of window

MouseDetails.ja va

} // end method mouseClicked } // end private inner class MouseClickHandler } // end class MouseDetails

15

Adapter classes technique

Many of the event-listener interfaces provide multiple methods. It is not always desirable to define every method in an event-listener interface. An adapter class provides this facility. An adapter class implements an interface and provides a default implementation (with an empty method body) of every method in the interface. The programmer can extend the adapter class to inherit the default implementation and then override the method(s) needed for event handling.
UTM-Java Event Handling

16

Fig. 13.21 InputEvent methods that help distinguish among left-, center- and right-mouse-button clicks

I nputEvent method
i e t ow n() sM aD

Description

Returns true when the user clicks the right mouse button on a mouse with two or three buttons. To simulate a right-mouse-button click on a one-button mouse, the user can hold down the Meta key on the keyboard and click the mouse button. Returns true when the user clicks the middle mouse button on a mouse with three buttons. To simulate a middle-mouse-button click on a one- or two-button mouse, the user can press the Alt key on the keyboard and click the only- or left-mouse button, respectively.

i l ow n() sA tD

UTM-Java Event Handling

17

13.14 Key Event Handling

Interface KeyListener
Handles key events
Generated when keys on keyboard are pressed and released KeyEvent Contains virtual key code that represents key

UTM-Java Event Handling

18
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 // Fig. 13.22: KeyDemo.java // Demonstrating keystroke events. import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; public class KeyDemo extends JFrame implements KeyListener { private String line1 = "", line2 = "", line3 = ""; private JTextArea textArea; // set up GUI public KeyDemo() { super( "Demonstrating Keystroke Events" ); // set up JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea( 10, 15 ); textArea.setText( "Press any key on the keyboard..." ); textArea.setEnabled( false ); textArea.setDisabledTextColor( Color.BLACK ); getContentPane().add( textArea ); addKeyListener( this ); setSize( 350, 100 ); setVisible( true );

Outline
KeyDemo.java Line 23

Register JFrame // allow frame to process Key events

for key events

19
27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53

Outline
} // end KeyDemo constructor // handle press of any key public void keyPressed( KeyEvent event ) Called when { line1 = "Key pressed: " + event.getKeyText( event.getKeyCode() ); setLines2and3( event ); } // handle release of any key Called when public void keyReleased( KeyEvent event ) { line1 = "Key released: " + event.getKeyText( event.getKeyCode() ); setLines2and3( event ); } // handle press of an action key public void keyTyped( KeyEvent event ) { line1 = "Key typed: " + event.getKeyChar(); setLines2and3( event ); } // set second and third lines of output private void setLines2and3( KeyEvent event ) {

KeyDemo.java user presses key Line 31

Line 33 and 40 Return virtual key code Line key user releases38 Line 45

Called when user types key

20
54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 line2 = "This key is " + ( event.isActionKey() ? "" : "not " ) + "an action key"; String temp = event.getKeyModifiersText( event.getModifiers() ); line3 = "Modifier keys pressed: " + ( temp.equals( "" ) ? "none" : temp );

Outline
KeyDemo.java

textArea.setText( line1 + "\n" + line2 + "\n" + line3 + "\n" ); } public static void main( String args[] ) { KeyDemo application = new KeyDemo(); application.setDefaultCloseOperation( JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE ); } } // end class KeyDemo

Line 57 Determine if modifier keys (e.g., Alt, Ctrl, Meta and Shift) were used

21

Outline
KeyDemo.java

22

13.15 Layout Managers

Layout managers
Provided for arranging GUI components Provide basic layout capabilities Processes layout details Programmer can concentrate on basic look and feel Interface LayoutManager

UTM-Java Event Handling

23

Fig. 13.23 Layout managers

Layout manager Fl Layout ow

Description

Default for j ava . t. pp l, t aw A ej ava. t Panel aw . and j avax. i J sw ng. Panel . Places components sequentially (left to right) in the order they were added. It is also possible to specify the order of the components by using the C ont nermethod add, which takes a ai C om ponent and an integer index position as arguments. Default for the content panes of J Fram e (and other windows) and s J ppl s. Arranges the components into five areas: N O R TH , SO U TH, A et EA ST, W EST and C EN TER. Arranges the components into rows and columns.

BorderLayout

G ri dLayout

UTM-Java Event Handling

24

13.15.1 FlowLayout

FlowLayout
Most basic layout manager GUI components placed in container from left to right

UTM-Java Event Handling

25
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 // Fig. 13.24: FlowLayoutDemo.java // Demonstrating FlowLayout alignments. import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; public class FlowLayoutDemo extends JFrame { private JButton leftButton, centerButton, rightButton; private Container container; private FlowLayout layout; // set up GUI and register button listeners public FlowLayoutDemo() { super( "FlowLayout Demo" ); layout = new FlowLayout(); // get content pane and set its layout container = getContentPane(); container.setLayout( layout ); // set up leftButton and register listener leftButton = new JButton( "Left" ); container.add( leftButton );

Outline
FlowLayoutDemo. java Lines 17 and 21

Set layout as FlowLayout

26
26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 leftButton.addActionListener( new ActionListener() { // anonymous inner class

Outline
FlowLayoutDemo. java Line 33 Line 53 When user presses left JButton, left align components

// process leftButton event public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent event ) { layout.setAlignment( FlowLayout.LEFT ); // realign attached components layout.layoutContainer( container ); } } // end anonymous inner class ); // end call to addActionListener // set up centerButton and register listener centerButton = new JButton( "Center" ); container.add( centerButton ); centerButton.addActionListener( new ActionListener() { // anonymous inner class

// process centerButton event public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent event ) { layout.setAlignment( FlowLayout.CENTER );

When user presses center JButton, center components

27
55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 // realign attached components layout.layoutContainer( container ); } } ); // set up rightButton and register listener rightButton = new JButton( "Right" ); container.add( rightButton ); rightButton.addActionListener( new ActionListener() { // anonymous inner class

Outline
FlowLayoutDemo. java Line 71

// process rightButton event public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent event ) { layout.setAlignment( FlowLayout.RIGHT ); // realign attached components layout.layoutContainer( container ); } } ); setSize( 300, 75 ); setVisible( true );

When user presses right JButton, right components

28
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

Outline
} // end constructor FlowLayoutDemo public static void main( String args[] ) { FlowLayoutDemo application = new FlowLayoutDemo(); application.setDefaultCloseOperation( JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE ); } } // end class FlowLayoutDemo

FlowLayoutDemo. java

29

13.15.2 BorderLayout

BorderLayout
Arranges components into five regions
NORTH SOUTH EAST WEST CENTER (top of container) (bottom of container) (left of container) (right of container) (center of container)

UTM-Java Event Handling

30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 // Fig. 13.25: BorderLayoutDemo.java // Demonstrating BorderLayout. import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; public class BorderLayoutDemo extends JFrame implements ActionListener { private JButton buttons[]; private final String names[] = { "Hide North", "Hide South", "Hide East", "Hide West", "Hide Center" }; private BorderLayout layout; // set up GUI and event handling public BorderLayoutDemo() { super( "BorderLayout Demo" ); layout = new BorderLayout( 5, 5 ); // 5 pixel gaps // get content pane and set its layout Container container = getContentPane(); container.setLayout( layout ); // instantiate button objects buttons = new JButton[ names.length ];

Outline
BorderLayoutDem o.java Lines 18 and 22

Set layout as BorderLayout with 5-pixel horizontal and vertical gaps

31
27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 for ( int count = 0; count < names.length; count++ ) { buttons[ count ] = new JButton( names[ count ] ); buttons[ count ].addActionListener( this ); } // place buttons in BorderLayout; order not important container.add( buttons[ 0 ], BorderLayout.NORTH ); container.add( buttons[ 1 ], BorderLayout.SOUTH ); container.add( buttons[ 2 ], BorderLayout.EAST ); container.add( buttons[ 3 ], BorderLayout.WEST ); container.add( buttons[ 4 ], BorderLayout.CENTER ); setSize( 300, 200 ); setVisible( true ); } // end constructor BorderLayoutDemo // handle button events public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent event ) { for ( int count = 0; count < buttons.length; count++ ) if ( event.getSource() == buttons[ count ] ) buttons[ count ].setVisible( false ); else buttons[ count ].setVisible( true );

Outline
BorderLayoutDem o.java Lines 33-37 Place JButtons in regions specified by BorderLayout Lines 50 and 52

When JButtons are invisible, they are not displayed on screen, and BorderLayout rearranges

32
53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64

Outline
// re-layout the content pane layout.layoutContainer( getContentPane() ); } public static void main( String args[] ) { BorderLayoutDemo application = new BorderLayoutDemo(); application.setDefaultCloseOperation( JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE ); } } // end class BorderLayoutDemo

BorderLayoutDem o.java

33

Outline
BorderLayoutDem o.java

34

13.15.3 GridLayout

GridLayout
Divides container into grid of specified row an columns Components are added starting at top-left cell
Proceed left-to-fight until row is full

UTM-Java Event Handling

35
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 // Fig. 13.26: GridLayoutDemo.java // Demonstrating GridLayout. import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; public class GridLayoutDemo extends JFrame implements ActionListener { private JButton buttons[]; private final String names[] = { "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six" }; private boolean toggle = true; private Container container; private GridLayout grid1, grid2; // set up GUI public GridLayoutDemo() { super( "GridLayout Demo" ); // set up layouts grid1 = new GridLayout( 2, 3, 5, 5 ); grid2 = new GridLayout( 3, 2 ); // get content pane and set its layout container = getContentPane(); container.setLayout( grid1 );

Outline
GridLayoutDemo. java Line 21 Line 22

Create GridLayout grid1 with 2 rows and 3 columns Create GridLayout grid2 with 3 rows and 2 columns

36
27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52

Outline
// create and add buttons buttons = new JButton[ names.length ]; for ( int count = buttons[ count buttons[ count container.add( } 0; count < names.length; count++ ) { ] = new JButton( names[ count ] ); ].addActionListener( this ); buttons[ count ] );

GridLayoutDemo. java Lines 46 and 48

setSize( 300, 150 ); setVisible( true ); } // end constructor GridLayoutDemo // handle button events by toggling between layouts public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent event ) { Toggle current if ( toggle ) GridLayout when container.setLayout( grid2 ); user presses JButton else container.setLayout( grid1 ); toggle = !toggle; // set toggle to opposite value container.validate(); }

37
53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

Outline
public static void main( String args[] ) { GridLayoutDemo application = new GridLayoutDemo(); application.setDefaultCloseOperation( JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE ); } } // end class GridLayoutDemo

GridLayoutDemo. java

38

13.16 Panels

Panel
Helps organize components Class JPanel is JComponent subclass May have components (and other panels) added to them

UTM-Java Event Handling

39
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 // Fig. 13.27: PanelDemo.java // Using a JPanel to help lay out components. import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; public class PanelDemo extends JFrame { private JPanel buttonPanel; private JButton buttons[]; // set up GUI public PanelDemo() { super( "Panel Demo" ); // get content pane Container container = getContentPane(); // create buttons array buttons = new JButton[ 5 ]; // set up panel and set its layout Create JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel(); buttonPanel.setLayout( new GridLayout( 1, buttons.length ) );

Outline
PanelDemo.java Line 23

to hold JButtons

40
26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 // create and add buttons for ( int count = 0; count < buttons.length; count++ ) { buttons[ count ] = new JButton( "Button " + ( count + 1 ) ); buttonPanel.add( buttons[ count ] ); Add } container.add( buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH ); setSize( 425, 150 ); setVisible( true ); } // end constructor PanelDemo public static void main( String args[] ) { PanelDemo application = new PanelDemo(); application.setDefaultCloseOperation( JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE ); } } // end class PanelDemo

Outline
JButtons to JPanel PanelDemo.java Line 29

Line Add JPanel to SOUTH32 region of Container