CHEMISTRY CLASS XII
UNIT 2
Solution
Part -III
Osmosis
A.K.Shukla
Anjani Kumar Goud
Mrs.Surava Das
PGT Chemistry
Bhopal Region
OUTLINE
Review of last session
Introduction
Semi Permeable Membrane
Osmosis
Osmotic pressure
Factor Affecting Osmotic Pressure
Determination Of Molecular Mass
Application Of Osmosis
Review of last session
Classification of Solution
Concentration of solution
Solubility of gas in solution
Vapour Pressure of solution
Ideal and Non ideal solution
Colligative Properties
Raw mangoes shrivel when
pickled in brine salt water
Wilted flowers revive when
placed in fresh water,
Blood cells collapse when
suspended in saline water
All these substances are bound by membranes.
Semi Permeable Membranes (SPM)
Membrane Which allow only solvent molecules but stop
bigger molecules of solute is known as Semi Permeable
Membranes (SPM)
These membranes can be of animal or vegetable origin .
These membrane
consist a network
of sub microscopic
holes, small wate
molecules can
pass through hole
but bigger
molecules of
solute is hindered
Semipermeable
membrane
Courtesy
Cellulose acetate is permeable to :- Wikipedia
water but impermeable to
impurities and ions
Osmosis
If Semi Permeable
Membrane is placed
between the solvent and
solution, the solvent
molecules will flow through
the membrane from pure
solvent to the solution.
This process of flow of the
solvent is called Osmosis.
Visualization of osmosis
Osmotic Pressure
Osmosis will continue till the equilibrium is attained.
Osmosis can be stopped if some extra pressure is
applied on the solution.
The excess pressure must be applied on the
solution side to prevent osmosis is called osmotic
pressure
Osmotic Pressure
Osmotic pressure is a colligative property as it depends on
the number of solute molecules and not on their identity.
Osmotic pressure is proportional to the
molarity, C of the solution at a given
temperature T.
π=CRT
π is the osmotic pressure
R is the gas constant
π = (n2 /V) R T V is volume of a solution in litres
containing n2 moles of solute
Isotonic Solutions
Two solutions having same osmotic pressure at a
given temperature are called isotonic solutions.
When such solutions are separated by semipermeable
membrane no osmosis occurs between them.
Osmotic pressure associated
with the fluid inside the blood
cell is equivalent to that of
0.9% (mass/ volume) sodium
chloride solution, called
normal saline solution and it
is. safe to inject intravenously.
Hypotonic Solution
Hypotonic :- If the salt
concentration is less than 0.9%
(mass/volume), the solution is said
to be hypotonic. In this case, water
will flow into the cells if placed in this
solution and they would swell
Hypertonic Solutions
If we place the cells in a solution
containing more than 0.9%
(mass/volume) sodium chloride,
water will flow out of the cells
and they would shrink. Such a
solution is called hypertonic.
Application of Osmosis
Osmotic pressure used to determine molar masses of
proteins, polymers and other macromolecules. As they are
generally not stable at higher temperatures and polymers
have poor solubility
Kidney works on the
principle of osmosis .
Reverse Osmosis
Direction of osmosis can be reversed if a pressure larger
than the osmotic pressure is applied to the solution side.
The pure solvent flows out of the solution through the semi
permeable membrane. This phenomenon is called reverse
osmosis
Reverse osmosis is used in desalination of seawater.
Reverse osmosis
Courtesy :- SA Water
Summary
Semi Permeable Membrane – Cellulose
acetate
Osmosis – passing of solvent in solution
through SPM .
Osmotic pressure – Pressure responsible for
osmosis
Factor Affecting Osmotic Pressure –
Temperature and concentration
Application Of Osmosis- Reverse osmosis
