DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ORE AND MINERAL
MINERAL ORE
All the naturally occurring Ores are usually used to
substances that are present extract metals economically.
in the earth’s crust are A large number of metals are
known as Minerals. present.
All Minerals are not ores. All ores are minerals.
Minerals are native forms in Ores are mineral deposits.
which metals exist.
DESCRIBING HOW ORE MINERALS ARE
FOUND, MINED AND PROCESSED FOR
HUMAN USE
OBJECTIVES:
Describe how ore minerals are found
Identify and describe the types of ore minerals
Define the meaning of mining
Enumerate and describe the different types of
mining
Enumerate and describe the different ways of
extracting ore minerals.
ORES AND ORE MINERALS
Special rocks (ores) with large amount
of minerals (ore minerals)
Minerals which are then extracted and
processed for human use
TYPES OF ORE:
Volcanic: can be found in volcanic rocks
Metamorphic: can be found in continental and
marine sediments; bed rocks
Sedimentary: can be found in continental and
marine sediments; bed rocks
Hydrothermal: can be found in hot springs or other
hydrothermal solution.
VOLCANIC ORES
Ores formed from magma and
lava solidification.
Most minerals are good conductors
of heat, i.e Aluminum
Gold and diamond are also found
in these ore minerals
Usually found in deeply
weathered rocks, especially
weathered volcanic rocks
METAMORPHIC AND SEDIMENTARY ORES
Ores formed through metamorphic and
sedimentary process
Contains lead, zinc, platinum and even
diamond
Usually found in continental or marine
sediments and in bed rocks
HYDROTHERMAL ORE
Ores formed by precipitation of
solids from hydrothermal solutions.
Hot water and interconnected
openings of rocks are some
necessary conditions
Minerals deposited in these ores are
lead, zinc and silver
Found in hot springs or where
hydrothermal solution converges
in adjacent rocks
MINING
PROCESS OF MINERAL EXTRACTION FROM A ROCK OR ORE
SURFACE MINING
Used to extract ore or minerals near the surface of the earth.
The soil and rocks that covered the ores are removed
through blasting.
Blasting is a control use of explosives and gas exposure to
break rocks
SURFACE MINING
Open-pit Mining
Big hole in the ground.
The pit in mine is created by
blasting with explosives and
drilling.
It is used to mine gravel and
sand and even rock.
SURFACE MINING
Strip Mining
Removes the
overburden
from the sides of any
land formations forming
long
narrow strips and
dumps them back into
SURFACE MINING
Dredging
Process of mining from
the
bottom of a body of
water, including rivers,
lakes and
Oceans.
SUBSURFACE MINING
Extract the rocks and minerals that can
be found beneath the earth’s surface.
Need to create a tunnel so they can
reach the ore minerals.
More expensive and dangerous.
SUBSURFACE MINING
Longwall
Mining
Large conveyor
belt removes coal
from underground
mines
SUBSURFACE MINING
Solution Mining
Hot water is introduced
in underground mine
dissolving ores and
brining them up into
the surface by pumping
air into the mine.
MINERAL PROCESSING
Process of extracting minerals from the ore, refining them
and preparing these minerals for use.
STEPS IN PROCESSING MINERALS
1. Sampling- removal of a portion which represents a whole
needed for the analysis of this material.
2. Analysis- evaluate the valuable component in an ore.
3. Comminution- process where the value components of
the ore are separated through crushing and grinding.
MINERAL PROCESSING
4. Concentration- involves separation of the valuable
minerals from the raw materials.
5. Dewatering- uses the concentration to convert it
to usable minerals.
EXTRACTING COPPER FROM SULFIDE ORES
EXTRACTING COPPER FROM SULFIDE ORES
EXTRACTING COPPER FROM SULFIDE ORES
EXTRACTING COPPER FROM SULFIDE ORES
CITING WAYS TO PREVENT OR LESSEN THE
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS THAT RESULT
FROM THE EXPLOITATION, EXTRACTION
AND USE OF MINERAL RESOURCES
TYPES OF MINERAL RESOURCES
Fuel minerals
Metallic minerals
Non-metallic minerals
EXTRACTION AND EXPLOITATION OF MINERAL
RESOURCES
ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE MINING
WATER MANAGEMENT
ENERGY CONSUMPTION REDUCTION
WASTE MANAGEMENT
WASTE MANAGEMENT
MINE SITE RECLAMATION
QUESTIONS
?
QUIZ!
ANSWER FORMATIVE
ASSESSMENT 1
