Management information
system
Introduction to dbms part 2
Types of Databases
• Single-user database: Supports one user at a time
• Desktop database: Runs on PC
• Multiuser database: Supports multiple users at the
same time
• Workgroup databases: Supports a small number of users
or a specific department
• Enterprise database: Supports many users across many
departments
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Types of Databases
• Centralized database: Data is located at a single site
• Distributed database: Data is distributed across
different sites
• Cloud database: Created and maintained using
cloud data services that provide defined
performance measures for the database
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Types of Databases
• General-purpose databases: Contains a wide variety
of data used in multiple disciplines
• Newspaper, magazine, journal articles for variety of topics
• Discipline-specific databases: Contains data focused
on specific subject areas
• Academic or research database (ex: GIS database)
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Types of Databases
• Operational (transactional) database: Designed to support a
company’s day-to-day operations
• Analytical database: Stores historical data and business metrics used
exclusively for tactical or strategic decision making
• Data warehouse: Stores data in a format optimized for decision support
See
http://www.healthcatalyst.com/database-vs-data-warehouse-a-comparative-re
view/2/
for a concise discussion of the difference between a database and a data 5
Types of Databases
• Business intelligence: Captures and processes business data to generate
information that support decision making
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Types of Data
• Unstructured data: It exists in their original state
• Structured data: It results from formatting unstructured data to
facilitate storage, use, and the generation of information.
• Structure is applied based on type of processing to be performed
• Semi structured data: Processed to some extent
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Database Design
• Focuses on the design of the database structure that will be used to
store and manage end-user data
• Well-designed database
• Facilitates data management
• Generates accurate and valuable information
• Avoids redundant data
• Poorly designed database causes difficult-to-trace errors leads to
bad decisions can lead to failure of organization
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Bad Design Example
Bad Design Example
• It would be difficult to produce an alphabetical listing of employees
based on their last names.
• How many employees are certified in Basic Database Manipulation?
• Basic Database Manipulation=?Basic DB Manipulation
• Fourth skill? Fifth Skill?
Historical Roots: Files and File
Systems
• Managing data with file systems is obsolete
• Understanding file system characteristics makes database design easier to
understand
• Awareness of problems with file systems helps prevent similar problems in
DBMS
• Knowledge of file systems is helpful if you plan to convert an obsolete file
system to a DBMS
Evolution of File System Data
Processing
Manual File Systems
Accomplished through a system of file folders and filing cabinets
Computerized File Systems
Data processing (DP) specialist: Created a computer-based system that would track data and
produce required reports
File System Redux: Modern End-User Productivity Tools
Includes spreadsheet programs such as Microsoft Excel
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Table 1.2 - Basic File Terminology
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The Customer File
• Computerized file systems
Figure1.6 - A Simple File System
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A Simple File System
Problems with File System Data
Processing
Lengthy development times
Difficulty of getting quick answers
Complex system administration
Lack of security and limited data sharing
Extensive programming
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Data Redundancy
• Unnecessarily storing same data at different places
• Islands of information: Scattered data locations
• Increases the probability of having different versions of the same data
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