ANTILOCK BRAKING
SYSTEM
PRESENTED BY
FARHAN BEPARI(14ME09)
SHAIKH JAFAR(14ME08)
Antilock braking systems (ABSs) are electronic
systems that monitor and control wheel slip
during vehicle braking.
ABSs can improve vehicle control during braking, and
reduce stopping distances on slippery road surfaces
by limiting wheel slip and minimizing lockup.
Reducing wheel slip improves vehicle stability and
control during braking, since stability increases
as wheel slip decreases.
Simple hydraulic braking
system
A simple braking system
consists of a master
cylinder, and four wheel
cylinders
When the brake pedal is
pressed the piston in
the master cylinder
forces the liquid out of
the cylinder. This liquid
presses the two pistons
in the wheel cylinders
outwards. These two
pistons push the brake
shoes out words.
Master
cylinder
When the pedal is
pressed the primary
piston moves to the left .
when it crosses the
bypass port the liquid is
forced along the pipe
lines to the wheel
cylinders.
When the pedal is
released the primary
piston is moved back
wards .it is the spring,
which pushes the piston
PRNCIPLES OF
ABS
The skidding and loss
of control was caused
by the locking of
wheels.
The release and reapply
of the brake pedal will
avoid the locking of
the wheels which in
turn avoid the
skidding.
This is exactly what an
antilock braking
system does.
When the brake pedal is pumped or pulsed the
pressure is quickly applied and released at the
wheels. This is called pressure modulation. Pressure
modulation works to prevent the wheel locking.
ABS can modulate the pressure to the brake as often
as 15 times per seconds.
ABS precisely controls the slip rate of the wheels to
ensure maximum grip force from the tire and it there
by ensures maneuverability and stability of the
vehicle.
SLIP
RATE
During ABS
operation, the target
slip rate can be from
10
to 30%.
0% slip means
the wheel is
rolling freely,
while 100 %
means the wheel
is fully
locked
A slip rate of 25 %
means the velocity of
a wheel is 25 % less
than that of a freely
1.Accumulator:
- accumulator is used to store hydraulic fluid
An
to maintain high pressure in the brake system.
2.Antilock hydraulic control valve assembly :-
This assembly controls the release and application of
the brake system pressure to the wheel brake
assemblies .
3.Booster pump:-
The booster pump is used to provide
pressurized hydraulic fluid to ABS.
4. Booster/Master cylinder assembly:-
It is needed to modulate hydraulic pressure in
the wheel circuit during the ABS operations.
5.Fluid accumulator:-
accumulator temporarily stored brake fluid that
is removed from the wheel brake unit during
ABS cycle.
6. Hydraulic control unit:-
The unit may have one pump and one motor or
it have one motor and two pumps.
7.Main Valve:-
This is a two position valve and is open only in
the ABS mode.
8. Modulator unit:-
The modulator unit controls the flow of
pressurized brake fluid to the individual wheel
circuits.
9. Solenoid valves:-
The solenoid valves are located in the modulator
unit and are electrically operated by signals
from the control module.
1.ABS control
module:-
It monitors system operation and controls
antilock function when needed.
2.Brake pedal sensor:-
Its function is to switch on the brake lights to alert
other vehicles that the car is slowing down and/or is
going to stop.
3.Wheel speed sensor:-
These are generally used for sensing the wheel speed.
WORKING
Four channel, four sensor ABS:- This is the best scheme,
there is speed sensor on all four wheels and a separate
valve for all the four wheels.
Three channel , three sensor ABS:- This scheme is
commonly found on pick up trucks with four wheels ABS,
has a speed sensor and a valve for each of the front
wheels, with one valve and one sensor for both rear
wheels.
One channel , one sensor ABS:- it has one valve ,which
controls both rear wheels , and one speed sensor, located
in the rear axle.
Features Benefits
Control of steering Increases steering ability
and vehicle stability
braking
during
Fail-safe
If the electrical/electronic
electrical/electronic system fails, the ABS is
system shut off
Traction control It is an optional
feature that controls
excessive wheel spin
during acceleration
ABS Malfunction Indicator Informs the driver or
Lamp technician that an
ABS fault has occured
It allows the driver to maintain directional stability
and control over steering during braking
Safe and effective
Automatically changes the brake fluid pressure at each
wheel to maintain optimum brake performance.
ABS absorbs the unwanted turbulence shock waves
and modulates the pulses thus permitting the wheel
to continue turning under maximum braking
pressure
It is very costly.
Maintenance cost of a car
equipped with ABS is more.
