Internet of Things-

CSDLO6011

Subject Incharge
Ansari Fatima Anees
Assistant Professor
email: fatima.ansari@mhssce.ac.in
Module 5
DOMAIN SPECIFIC IOTS
Introduction
Internet of things applications span wide range of domains including(but not
limited to)
❖homes
❖cities
❖environment
❖energy systems
❖retail, logistics
❖industry
❖agriculture
❖health.
Introduction
Home Automation
IoT applications for smart homes:
⮚Smart Lighting
⮚Smart Appliances
⮚Intrusion Detection
⮚ Smoke / Gas Detectors
Home Automation
Smart lighting :
❖Smart lighting for homes helps in saving energy by
adapting the lighting to the ambient condition and
switching on/off or dimming the lights when needed.
❖ Key enabling technologies for smart lighting include
⮚ solid-state lighting such as LED light and
⮚ IP enabled lights.

❖Smart lighting solutions for Home achieve energy

saving by sensing the human movements and their
environments and controlling the lights accordingly.
Home Automation
❖Wireless enabled and internet connected lights can be controlled remotely from IoT
applications such as a mobile or web application.
❖Smart lights with sensor for occupancy, Temperature level etc can be configured to adapt the
lighting based on the ambient conditions sensed, in order to provide a good ambience.
❖A solid state lighting model is implemented in the wireless sensor network that provide
services for sensing illumination changes and dynamically adjusting luminary brightness
according to user preferences.
 Home Automation
Smart Appliances :
❖Modern homes have a number of appliances
such as TVs, refrigerator, music system, washer /
dryer etc.
❖ Managing and controlling these appliances can
be cumbersome with the each appliance having
its own controls or remote controls.
❖Smart appliance make the management easier
and also provide status information to the user
remotely.
 Home Automation
Examples:
1. Smart watches /dryers that can be controlled
remotely and notify when the washing / driving
cycle is complete.
2. Smart thermostat allow controlling the temperature
remotely and can learn the user preferences .
3. Smart refrigerator can keep track of the item stored
and send update to the user when an item is low on
stock.
4. Smart TV Allows user to search and stream videos
and movies from the internet on a local storage
drive, search TV channel schedule and fetch news
weather updates and other content from the
internet.
Home Automation
❖Open remote is an open source automation platform for homes buildings that can control
various appliances using mobile or web publications.
❖It comprises of three components:

- a controller that manages scheduling and runtime integrations between device.

- a designer that allows you to create both configuration for the controller and create user
interface design .
- control panel that allow to interact with the devices and control them.
 Home Automation
Intrusion Detection:
❖Home Intrusion detection system used security
cameras and sensor such as PIR sensors and door
sensor to detect intrusion and raise alert.
❖ Alerts can be in the form of an
1. SMS

2. an email sent to the user.

3. an image grab or a short video clip send to email attachment.

Home Automation
Smoke / Gas Detector:
❖Smoke detectors are installed in home and
buildings to detect smoke that is typically and early
sign of Fire.
❖Smoke detectors use optical detection, ionization
or air sampling techniques to detect smoke.
❖Alerts raised by smoke detectors can be in the
form of signals to fire alarm system.
❖ Gas detectors can detect the presence of harmful
gases such as carbon monoxide(CO), liquid
petroleum gas (LPG), etc
Cities
IoT applications for smart Cities:
⮚Smart Parking
⮚Smart Lighting
⮚Smart Roads
⮚Structural Health Monitoring
⮚Surveillance
Cities
Smart Parking :
❖Finding a parking space during rush hours
in crowded cities can be time consuming
and frustrating.
❖Further for the more drivers blindly
searching for parking spaces create
additional traffic conditions
❖smart parking make the search for parking
space easier and convenient for drivers.
Cities
❖Smart parking for powered by IoT system that detect the number
of empty parking slots and send the information over the internet to
smart parking application back ends.
❖These applications can be accessed by the drivers from smart
phones, tablets and in car navigation system .
❖In smart parking sensors are used for each parking slot, to detect
whether the slot is empty or occupied.
❖This information is aggregated by your local controller and then
send over the internet to the database.
Cities
Smart Lighting :
❖Smart lighting system for road
parks and building can help in
saving energy.
❖According to a IEA report,
lightening is responsible for 19
% of global electricity use and
around 6% of global
Greenhouse gas emission.
Cities
❖Smart lighting allows lighting to be dynamically controlled and also
adapted to the ambient conditions.
❖Smart lights connected to the internet can be controlled remotely
to configure lighting schedules and lighting intensity.
❖Lighting configuration can be set for different situations such as a
foggy day, a festival etc.
❖Smart Lights equipped with the sensors and can communicate with
other lights and exchange information on the sensed ambient
conditions to adapt lightening.
 Cities
Smart Road :
❖Smart roads equipped with sensors
can provide information on driving
conditions, travel time estimates and
alerts in case of poor driving
conditions , traffic congestions and
accidents .
❖Such information can help in making
the roads safe and help in reducing
traffic jams .
Cities
❖Information sense to from the roads can be communicated via
internet to cloud based applications and social media and
disseminated to the drivers who subscribed to such applications.
❖Distributed and autonomous systems of sensor networks notes for
improving driving safety proposed system can provide the drivers
and passengers with a consistent view of the road situations of a few
hundred meters ahead of them or a few dozen miles away, so that
they can react to potential dangers early enough.
 Cities
Structural Health Monitoring:
❖Structural health monitoring
system uses a network of
sensors to monitor the
vibrations levels in the
structures such as bridges and
buildings.
Cities
❖The data collected from the sensors is analyzed to assess the health of The
structures .
❖By analyzing the data it is possible to detect cracks and mechanical breakdown,
locate the damage to a structure and also calculate the remaining life of the
structure.
❖Using such systems advance warning can be given in the case of imminent
failure of the structure.
❖Since structural health monitoring schemes use large number of wireless
sensor nodes which are powered by traditional batteries researchers are
exploring energy harvesting technologies to harvesting ambient energy, such as
mechanical vibrations, sunlight and wind.
Cities
Surveillance :
❖Surveillance of
infrastructure, public
transport and even in
cities is required to
ensure safety and
security.
Cities
❖City wide surveillance infrastructure comprising of large number of
distributed and internet connected video surveillance cameras can
be created.
❖The video feeds from surveillance cameras can be aggregated in
cloud based storage solutions.
❖Cloud-based video analytics applications can be deployed to search
for patterns for specific events from the video feed.
Environment
IoT applications for smart environments:

⮚Weather Monitoring
⮚Air Pollution Monitoring
⮚Noise Pollution Monitoring
⮚Forest Fire Detection
⮚River Flood Detection
Environment
Weather Monitoring:
❖IoT- based weather
monitoring system can collect
data from a number of sensor
attached such as temperature,
humidity, pressure etc. and
send the data to cloud based
application and storage back-
ends.
Environment
❖The data collected in the cloud can then be analyzed and visualized
by cloud based application.
❖Weather alerts can be sent to the subscribed users from such
applications.
❖ AirPi is a weather and air quality monitoring kit capable of
recording and uploading information about temperature, humidity,
air pressure light levels, UV levels, carbon monoxide Nitrogen dioxide
and smoke level to the internet .
 Environment
Air Pollution Monitoring :
❖IoT based air pollution monitoring
system can monitor emission of
harmful gases ( CO2, CO. NO, NO2) by
factories and automobiles using
gaseous and dermatological sensors.
❖Tthe collected data can be analyzed
to make informed decisions on
pollutions control approaches.
 Environment
Noise Pollution Monitoring :
❖Due to growing Urban Development,
noise levels in cities have increased and
even become alarmingly high in some
cities.
❖Noise pollution can cause health
hazards for humans due to sleep
destruction and stress.
Environment
❖Noise pollution monitoring can help in generating noise maps for
cities.
❖Urban noise maps can help the policy makers in urban planning and
making policies to control noise level near Residency areas, schools
and parks.
❖IoT based noise pollution smart monitoring system use a number of
noise monitoring station that are deployed at different places in a
city.
❖The data on noise levels from the stations is collected on server or
in the cloud. The data is then aggregated to generate noise map.
 Environment
Forest Fire Detection :
❖Forest fires can cause damage to
natural resources, property and
human life.
❖There can be different causes of
forest fires including lightening,
human negligence, volcanic
eruptions and sparks from rock
falls.
Environment
❖Early detection of forest fires can help in minimizing the damage .
❖IoT based forest fire detection systems can use a number of
monitoring nodes deployed at a different locations in a forest.
❖ Each monitoring node collects measurements on ambient
conditions including temperature, humidity, light levels.
Environment
River Flood Detection:
❖River flood can cause
extensive damage to the
natural and human resources
and human life.
❖River flood occurs due to
continuous rainfall which
cause the river level to rise and
flow rates to increase rapidly.
Environment
❖Early warnings of floods can be given by monitoring the water level
and flow rate.
❖IoT based river flood monitoring system uses a number of sensor
nodes that monitor the water level using ultrasonic sensors and flow
rate using the flow velocity sensors.
❖ Data from a number of such sensor nodes is aggregated in a server
or in the cloud.
❖Monitoring applications raise alert when rapid increase in water
level and flow rate is detected .
Energy
IoT applications for smart energy system:
⮚Smart Grid
⮚Renewable Energy System
⮚Prognostics
 Energy
Smart Grid:
❖Smart grid is a data
communication network
integrated with electrical
grid that collects and
analyses data captured in
real-time about power
transmission, distribution
and consumption.
Energy
❖Smart grid Technology provides protective information and recommendations
to utilities, their suppliers, and their customers on how best to manage power.
❖Smart Grids collect data regarding electricity generation (centralized or
distributed conceptions (instantaneous or predictive ) storage(or conversion of
the energy into other forms), distributions and equipment health data.
❖Smart fleet use high speed, fully integrated two way communication real time
information and power exchange. Smart meters can capture almost real time
consumption, remotely control the conceptions of electricity and remotely
switch off supply when required.
❖power thefts can be prevented using smart metering.
❖By analyzing the data on power generation, transmission and consumption
smart grid can improve efficiency throughout the electric system.
Energy
❖Storage collection and analysis of smart grids data in the cloud can help in
dynamic optimization of system operations, maintenance, and planning.
❖Cloud based monitoring of smart grids data can improve energy usage levels
via energy feedback to user coupled with real-time pricing information.
❖Real time demand response and management strategies can be used for
lowering peak demand and the overall load via appliance control and energy
storage mechanism.
❖Condition monitoring data collected from power generation and transmission
system can help in detecting fault and predicting outage.
 Energy
Renewable Energy System :
❖Due to the variability in the
output from renewable
energy sources such as solar
and wind, integrating them
into the grid can cause grid
stability and reliability
problems
Energy
❖Variable output produces local voltage swing that can impact power quality.
❖Existing grids were designed to handle power flow from centralized to generation source to the
loads through Transmission and distribution lines.
❖When distributed renewable energy sources are integrated into the grid, they create power
bidirectional power flow for which the great were not originally designed to handle power flow
from temperature generation sources to the loss through transmissions and distribution lines.
❖When Distributed renewable energy sources are integrated into the grid is a create power bi-
directional power flows for which the grid were not originally designed. IoT based system
integrated within Transformer at the point of interconnections measures the electrical variables
and how much power is fed into the grid.
❖To ensure the grid stability one solution is to simply cut of the over protections. For wind energy
systems, closed-loop controls can be used to regulate the voltage at points of interconnection.
 Energy
Prognostics:
❖Energy systems (Smart grids,
power plants ,wind turbine
farms) have a large number of
critical components that must
function correctly so that the
system can perform their
operations correctly.
Energy
❖For example a wind turbine has a number of critical components e.g., bearing,
turning gears, for instance, that must be monitored carefully as wear and tear in
such critical components or sudden change in operating conditions of the
missions can result in failures.
❖In system such as Power Grids, real time information using specialist electrical
sensor is called phasor measurement unit(PMU) substations.
❖The information received from PMU must be monitored in real time for
estimating the state of a system and for predicting failures. Energy system have
thousands of sensors that gather real time maintenance data continuously for
condition monitoring and failure prediction purposes.
Energy
❖IoT based prognostic real-time health management systems can predict
performance of machine or energy Systems by analyzing the extent of
deviations of the system from its normal operating profiles.
❖Analyzing massive amounts of maintenance data collected from sensors in
energy systems and equipment can provide protections for the impending
failures (potentially in real time) so that their reliability and availability can be
improved.
❖open PDC set of applications for processing of streaming time series data
collected from phasor measurement units PMU in real time.
Retail
IoT applications for smart retail system:
⮚Inventory Management
⮚Smart payments
⮚Smart Vending Machine
 Retail
Inventory Management:
❖Inventory management for
retail has become increasingly
important in recent years with
the growing competition.
❖while over stocking of products
can result in additional storage
expenses and risk understocking
can lead to loss of revenue.
Retail
❖IoT system using radio frequency identification RFID tags
can help in inventory management and maintaining the
right inventory levels .
❖RFID tags attached to the products allow them to be
tracked in real time so that the inventory levels can
determined accurately and products which are low on stock
can be replenished.
❖Tracking can be done using RFID readers attached to the
retail store shelves or in the warehouse.
 Retail
Smart Payments:
❖Smart Payments solutions contact list
payments powered by technology such
as near field communication and
Bluetooth.
❖Near field communication(NFC) is a set
of standards for smartphones and other
devices to communicate with each other
by bringing them into proximity or by
touching them .
Retail
❖Customers can store credit card information in the NFC enabled
Smartphones and make payment by bringing the smart phones near
the point of sale terminals .
❖NFC may be used in combinations with Bluetooth, where NFC
initiates initial pairing of devices to establish their Bluetooth
connections while the actual data transfer takes place over
Bluetooth.
 Retail
Smart vending machines:
❖Smart vending machines
connected to the internet allow
remote monitoring of inventory
levels, elastic pricing of products,
promotions, and contact-less
payments using NFC .
Retail
❖smart phone applications that communicate with smart vending machine
allow user preferences to be remembered and the learnt with the time when a
user moves from one vending machine to the other and pair the smartphone
with the vending machines using specific interface .
❖Users can save their preferences and favorite products sensor in a smart
vending machine monitor its operations and send the data to the cloud which
can be used for predictive maintenance.
❖Smart vending machines can communicate with other vending machines in
there vicinity and share their inventory levels so that the customers can be
routed to the nearest machines in case product goes out of stock in a machine.
 Logistics
IoT applications for smart logistics system:
⮚Route Generation & Scheduling
⮚Fleet Tracking
⮚Shipment Monitoring
 Logistics
Route Generation and
Scheduling:
❖Route Generation and Scheduling Modern
transportation systems are driven by data
collected from multiple sources which is
processed to provide a new services to the
stockholders.
❖By collecting large amount of data from
various sources and processing the data into
Useful information .
Logistics
❖Data driven transportation system can provide new
services such as advanced route guidance dynamic vehicle
routing anticipating customer demand for pickup and
delivery problem,
❖Route generations and scheduling systems can generate
end-to-end routes using combinations of route patterns
and transportation modes and feasible schedules based on
the availability of vehicles.
Logistics
Fleet Tracking:
❖Vehicle fleet tracking system
using GPS technology to track
the locations of vehicle in real
time.
❖Cloud based fleet tracking
systems can be scaled up on-
demand to handle large number
of vehicles.
Logistics
❖Alerts Can be generated in case of deviation in planned
routes.
❖The vehicle locations and routes data can be aggregated
and analyzed for detecting bottlenecks in the supply chain
such as a traffic conditions or route of elements and
generations of alternative route and supply chain
Optimization.
❖The system can analyze messages sent from the vehicles
to identify unexpected incidence and descriptions between
the actual and applied data.
 Logistics
Shipment monitoring :
❖Shipment monitoring solutions
for Transportation systems allow
monitoring the conditions inside
container.
❖For example, containers
carrying Fresh Food produce can
be monitored to prevent
spoilage of food.
Logistics
❖IoT based shipment monitoring system use sensor such as temperature
pressure and humidity for instance to monitor the conditions inside the container
and send the data to the cloud where it can be analyzed to detect food spoilage .
❖The analysis and interpretation of the data in the environmental conditions in
the container and food truck positioning can enable more effective routing
decisions and their time therefore it is possible to take remedial measures such
as the food that has a limited time budget before it get rotten can be rerouted to
a closer destinations, alerts can be raised to the driver and the distributor about
the transit conditions, such as container temperature exceeding the allowed
limit, humidity levels going out of the allowed limit.
❖For instance, and corrective actions can be taken before the food gets damaged.
 Logistics
Remote Vehicle Diagnostics:
❖Remote vehicle diagnostic systems can detect
faults in the vehicles warn of impending fault.
❖These Diagnostic system use on-board IoT
devices for collecting data on vehicle
operation such a speed, engine RPM, coolant
temperature, fault code number ,and status of
the various vehicle subsystem such data can
be captured by integrating on-board diagnostic
systems with IoT devices using protocols such
as CAN bus.
Logistics
❖Modern commercial vehicles support on-board diagnostics OBD
standards such as OBD-II
❖OBD system provides real time data status of vehicle subsystems
and diagnostic trouble code which Allow rapidly identifying the fault
in the vehicle.
❖ IoT based vehicle diagnostic system can send the vehicle data to
centralized serves or the cloud where it can be analyzed to generate
alerts and suggest remedial actions.
Agriculture
IoT applications for smart logistics system:

⮚ Smart Irrigation
⮚ Green House Control
 Agriculture
Smart irrigation:
❖Smart irrigation systems use IoT
devices with soil moisture sensors
to determine the amount of
moisture in the soil and realize the
flow of water through the
irrigation pipe only when the
moisture level go below a
predefined threshold.
Agriculture
❖Smart irrigation systems can improve crop yield while saving water.

❖Smart irrigation systems also collect Moisture level measurements

on a server or in the cloud where they collected data can be analyzed
to plant watering schedule.
Agriculture
Green House Control :
❖Green houses are structures with glass
or plastic roofs that provide conducive
environment for growth of plants .
❖The Climatological conditions inside a
Greenhouse can be monitored and
controlled to provide the best conditions
for growth of plants.
Agriculture
❖The temperature , humidity, soil moisture, light and carbon dioxide levels are
monitored using sensors and their climatological conditions are controlled
automatically using actuation devices.
❖IoT system plays an important role in greenhouse controlled and help in
improving productivity.
❖The data collected from various sensors is stored on centralized servers or in
the cloud where analysis is performed to optimize the control strategies and also
correlate the productivity with different control strategies.
❖the system uses wireless sensor network to monitor and control the
agriculture parameters like temperature and humidity in real time for better
management and maintenance of Agricultural production.
Industry
IoT applications for smart logistics system:

⮚ Machine Diagnostics & Prognosis

⮚Indoor Air Quality Monitoring
 Industry
Machine Diagnostics &
Prognosis:

❖Machine prognosis refers to predicting

the performance of a machine by
analyzing the data and the current
operating conditions and how much
deviations exist from the normal
operating conditions
Industry
❖Machine diagnosis refer to determining the causes of a machine fault.
❖ IoT plays a major role in both the prognosis s and Diagnostics of industrial
machines .
❖Industrial machines have a large number of components that must function
correctly for the machine to perform its operations.
❖ Sensors in machine can monitor the operating conditions such as
temperatures and vibrations levels.
❖The sensor data measurements are done on time scale of few milliseconds to
few seconds, which leads to generations of the massive amount of the data.
Industry
❖Case-based reasoning (CBR) is a commonly used method that find solutions to
new problem based on past experience.
❖ This past experience is organized and represented as case in a case base.
❖CBR is an effective techniques for problem solving in the field in which it is
hard to establish a quantitative mathematical model, such as machine
Diagnostics and prognosis .
❖ Since for each machine, data from a very large number of sensors is collected
using search high-dimensional data for creation of a case library reduce the case
retrieval efficiency.
❖ Data reduction and feature extraction methods are used to find the
representatives set of ability as the of features.
 Industry
Indoor Air Quality Monitoring:
❖Monitoring indoor air quality in
factories is important for health and
safety of the workers.
❖harmful and toxic gas such as
carbon monoxide, nitrogen
monoxide and Nitrogen dioxide etc
can cause serious health problems .
Industry
❖IoT based gas monitoring system can help in monitoring
the indoor air quality using various gas sensors.
❖The indoor air quality can vary for different locations.
❖ Wireless sensor networks based IoT devices can identify
the other hazardous zones, so that a corrective measures
can be taken to ensure proper ventilation.
 Health & Lifestyle
IoT applications in smart health
and life style:

⮚ Health & Fitness Monitoring

⮚Wearable Electronics
 Health & Lifestyle
Health & Fitness Monitoring:
❖wearable IoT devices that can
continuous monitoring of
physiological parameters such as
blood pressure ,heart rate, body
temperature ect that can help in
continuous health and fitness
monitoring.
Health & Lifestyle
❖These wearable devices may can be in various forms such as belts,
wrist bands.
❖The wearable devices from a wireless sensor networks called body
area networks in which the measurements from a number of
wearable device are continuously Send to a master nodes such as a
smartphone which then send the data to the server or a cloud end
for analysis and achieving.
❖ Healthcare providers can analyze the collected Healthcare data to
determine any health conditions or anomalies.
 Health & Lifestyle
Wearable Electronics :
❖Wearable Electronics such as
smart watches smart glasses
wristband and fashion electronics
provide various functions and
features to assist us in our daily
activities and making as lead healthy
Lifestyle .
Health & Lifestyle
❖Using Smart watches the user can search the internet a play audio
video file make calls with or without paired mobile phones, play
games and use various kinds of mobile applications.
❖ smart glasses allow users to take photos and record videos ,get map
directions , check flight status and search the internet by using voice
command.
❖Smart shoes can monitor the walking and running speed and jumps
with the help of embedded sensors and can be paired with smart
phone to visualized the data.
❖Smart wristbands can track the daily exercise and calories burnt.