RUBELLA VIRUS
PRESENTED BY
DIVYA KERKETTA
INTRODUCTION
Rubella is caused by an
enveloped RNA virus of
family Toga viridae. The
rubella virus is present in
nasopharyngeal secretion,
blood, faeces and urine of
the patient. It spread by
droplet infection and
through transplaceutal
spread.
DEFINITION
Acute infectious viral disease of
elder children predominal symptoms
typical rash and painful cervical
lymphadinopathy and also known as
german measles virus
RUBELLA VIRUS
Rubella virus is single stranded RNA
virus.
Diameter 50- 70 mm
Enveloped & Pherical virus multiply
in the cytoplasm of infected cell.
EPIDEMIOLOGY: Agent, Host,
Environment.
Caused by an RNA Virus of the togaviridae family
AGENT only one antigenic type of the virus seems to exist. The
virus has been recorded from the nasopharynx, throat,
blood, CSF and urine. It can be pro pagated in cell
culture. SOURCE OF INFECTION
Clinical or subclinical cases of rubella. A large numbers
of rubella infectious are in fact ,subclinical. Infant born
with congenital rubella.
PERIOD OF COMMINICABILITY
It may be less communicable than measels
It probably extends from a week before symptoms to
about a week after rash appears.
EPIDEMIOLOGY cont...
AGE
HOST
Childhood particularly in 3 to 10 yrs.
IMMUNITY
One attack result in life long immunity second attacks
are rare.
40 % of women of child learning age are susceptable to
rubella in India.
EPIDEMIOLOGY cont...
ENVIRON
MENT
Usually occurs in seasonel pattern
i.e- In temperature zones during the winter and spring,
with epidemics every 4-9 yrs
TRANSMISSION:
The virus is transmitted directly from
person to person by droplets from nose
and throat.
The portal of entery is via the
respiratory route.
The virus can cross the placenta and
infect the foetus in uterus, leaading ti
congenital rubella in the newborn.
INCUBATION PERIOD:
2 to 3 weeks, avarage 18 days.
CLINICAL FEATURES:
PRIMORDIAL
Sore throat, low grade fever.
LYMPHADENOPATHY
Cervical lymph nodes appears as early as 7 days before
the appearence of the rash.
The glands may be found enlarged for 10 to 14 days after
the rash.
RASH
Often first indication of the disease. Appeares first on the
face with in 24 hours of
DIAGNOSIS:
Throat swab.
Hemagglutination inhibition test(HI)
ELISA TEST.
RIA Sensitive serological test.
CONGENITAL RUBELLA SYNDROME
Infants born with a number of defects due to
intrauterine infection with rubella virus.
Congenita rubella isna chronic infection while
acquired rubella is an acute infection onset of
prodromal symptoms. Conjunctivitis may occur.
The rash spreads rapidly to the trunk and
extremities.
COMPLICATION
• Arthralgia
• Thrombocytopenic purpura
• Enceplalities
In Pregnancy
• First trimester is the most disasttrous time for fetus because it is in the stage
of organogenisis
• Congenital malformations
• Deafness
• Cardiac malformations
• Cataract
PREVNTION AND CONTROL
• CONTROL
• Isolation in case of illness
• No specific treatment or antiviral treatment
• Encourage the patient to take rest
• Incourage to take fluids
PREVENTION
• Ative immunization [Monovalant Rubella Vaccine Wistar
RA 27/3 Strain ]
• Single dose of 0.5 ml ,S/C ,in upper arm
• STORAGE -2-8. C
• Preferred age of immunization is 15-18 months, single
dose
• Efficancy rate is 95 ％
• Pragnancy is an absolute cintraindication
VACCINATION STRATEGY FOR
RUBELLA
• FIRST PROTECTON
Women in 15 to 39 yrs of age
SECOND INTERRUPT
Vaccinating children aged 1 to 14 yrs
THIRD
All children at age at 1 yrs
MMR /MR VACCINE
• LIVE ATTENUATED STRAINS OF
• Edmonston -Zagreb Measles Virus
• L-Zaagreb Mumps Virus
• Wistar RA 27 /3 Rubella Virus
• The reconstituted vaccine contains in single dose of
0.5ml NOT less than
• 1000 TCID 50 of Measles virus
• 5000 TCID 50 of Mumps Virus
• 1000 TCID 50 of R ubella Virus
RECONSTITUTED VACCINE
• Distroyed by light ,heat labile ,susceptible to
containdication
Keep at 2-8 .c and use within 4 hrs
MMR ADVERSE REACTION
• Fever
• Rash
• Thrombocytopenia
• Parotiditis
• Deafness
• Encephalopathy
CONCLUSION
• Rubella is a prevantable viral disease that is generally mild
in children and adults ,but significant risks during pregnancy
,potentially leading to serious congenital defects or fetal
loss.
• The most effective way to control rubella and prevent
outbreaks is through widespred immunization with the
MMR/MR Vaccine.
• Public health efforts should focus on maintaing high
vaccination covrage ,ensuring immunity in women of
childbearing age and educating communities about the
importance of vaccination to protect vulnerable populatoins.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• PARK.K, Park’s textbook of Preventive and social
medicine 23rd edition 2015 ,Banarsidas Bhanot
Publication ,MADHYA PRADESH,INDIA. Pg no-150-151.
• SATISH KUMAR JAIN ,Textbook of pediatrics,First edition
2015, CBS Publication,NEW DELHI,INDIA.Pg no-370-371.
• GHAI Essential Pediatrics,8th EDITION-2013.CBS
Publication ,NEW DELHI,INDIA.Pg no-164-165.
THANKS
