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Operator

The document provides an overview of operators and operands in C programming, detailing various types of operators including arithmetic, unary, relational, logical, assignment, and conditional operators. It explains how operands interact with these operators, type conversion, and operator precedence. Additionally, it highlights the importance of understanding the differences between assignment operators and equality operators.

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11 views37 pages

Operator

The document provides an overview of operators and operands in C programming, detailing various types of operators including arithmetic, unary, relational, logical, assignment, and conditional operators. It explains how operands interact with these operators, type conversion, and operator precedence. Additionally, it highlights the importance of understanding the differences between assignment operators and equality operators.

Uploaded by

resam.zaha.hp
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Operators and Operands

• Arithmetic Operator
• Unary operators
• Relational and logical operators
• Assignment operators and
• Conditional operator

• The data items that operators act upon, are called


operands.
Arithmetic Operators
• There are five arithmetic operators in C. They are
Operator Purpose
+ Addition
- Subtraction
* Multiplication
/ Division
% Reminder after integer division

• There is no exponentiation operator in C.


• There is a library function (POW) under math.h to
carry out exponentiation
Arithmetic Operators (cont.)

• The remainder operator (%) requires that both operands be integers


and the second operand be nonzero.
• Similarly, the division operator (/) requires that the second operand
be nonzero.
a+b 13

a-b 7
a*b 30

a/b 3 Here, the decimal portion of the


quotient will be dropped
a%b 1
a+b 14.5

a-b 10.5
a*b 25.0

a/b 6.25

a%b Not Possible!!!


a 65

a+b 131
a+1 66

a + ‘A’ 130

a + ‘1’ 114
int a, b;
a = 11;
b = -3;
Follow
basic
rules of
a+b 8 algebra

a-b 14
a*b -33

a/b -3

a%b 2 Ignore - !!!


Type Convention

• Operands that differ in type may undergo type conversion before the
expression takes on its final value.
• In general, the final result will be expressed in the highest precision
possible, consistent with the data types of the operands.
• Rules apply when neither operand is unsigned.

We will learn detail


later
int i = 7; ASCII Value
float f = 5.5; w = 119
char c = ‘w’ 0 = 48

i+f 12.5 float (double)

i+c 126 integer


i + c – ‘0’ 78 integer

(i + c) - (2 * f / 5) 123.8 float (double)


• Type conversion
Type Convention (Assignment)

• If the two operands in assignment expression are of different data


types.
• The value of right hand operand will automatically be converted to
the type of the operand on the left.
• The entire assignment expression will be then same data type.
We will learn
detail later

float
Left
int 11.995
Right
float
int
3 float
Left
3.0
int
11
;
Type Cast

• To transform the type of a variable temporarily.


• To do so, the expression must be preceded by the name of the
desired data type, enclosed in parentheses

(data type) expression

int number;
(float) number;
Valid or Invalid?

i = 7;
f = 8.5;

result = (i + f) % 4; Invalid

• Type conversion 2
Valid or Invalid?

float num = 10.5;

num % 2;

float num = 10.5;

((int)num) % 2;
Operators and Operands
• Arithmetic Operator
• Unary operators
• Relational and logical operators
• Assignment operators and
• Conditional operator
Unary Operators

• A class of operators that act upon a single operand to produce a


new value.
• Known as unary operators.
Unary Operators… We will learn detail
later

• Perhaps the most common unary operation is unary minus (-8)


• There are two other commonly used unary operators:
• The increment operator, ++
• The decrement operator, --
• sizeof - returns the size of its operand, in bytes.
• Cast - (type) expression
Relational Operators

• There are four relational operators in C. They are


Equality Operators

• For equality
Relational Operator
• The relational operators compare two values
and return a true or false result based upon
that comparison.
Operator Meaning Type

< Less than Relational


> Greater than Relational
<= Less than or equal to Relational
>= Greater than or equal to Relational
== Equal to Equality
!= Not equal to Equality
Relational Operators…

• These six operators are used to form logical expressions, which


represent conditions that are either true or false.
• The resulting expressions will be of type integer

• True is represented by the integer value 1


• False is represented by the value 0
Examples of Conditions
Operator Condition Meaning
<= x <= 0 x less than or equal
to 0
< Power < MAX_POW Power less than
MAX_POW
== letter == ‘M’ Letter equal to ‘M’
!= num != x num not equal to x

4-23
i=1
True or False j=2
k=3

Expression Result Value

i<j true 1

(1 + j) >= k true 1

(j + k) > (i + 5) false 0
i=1
True or False j=2
k=3

Expression Result Value

k != 3 false 0

j == 2 true 1

(j + k) >= (i + 5) false 0
Simplified Expression
Logical Operation
• There are three kinds of logical operators.
True or False!
i=7
True or False f = 5.5
c = ‘w’ (119)

Expression Result Value

(i >= 6) && (c == 'w') true 1

(i >= 6) || (c == 119) true 1

(f < 11) && (i > 100) false 0


Operator Precedence
An operator’s precedence determines its order of
evaluation.
Operator Precedence
An operator’s precedence determines its order of evaluation.

Evaluated as: ++x is executed first (x = 6), then x++ (x = 6, then x = 7)


Operators and Operands
• Arithmetic Operator
• Unary operators
• Relational and logical operators
• Assignment operators and
• Conditional operator
Assignment operators
• Most common “=“
• = and == are not same!
• Other five are:
• +=
• -=
• *=
• /=
• %=
Assignment operators….
• expression 1 += expression 2
is equivalent to
• expression 1 = expression 1 + expression 2

Example: sum = sum + N; sum+=N;

Similarly, the assignment expression


• expression I -= expression 2
is equivalent to
• expression 1 = expression I - expression 2

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