Epithelial Tissue
Epithelial Tissue
Epithelial Tissue
Faculty of Medicine
General Histology
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Four types of tissue
Target:
Definition
A tissue a group of cells have
is morphological
thatcharacters
specialized specific functions. similar to
Epithelium covers the outer surface of
perform
the body and lines the luminal surfaces of
cavities within the body.
Origin
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm
Epithelial tissue
functions
Covering, barrier, protection
Transport, secretion, absorption
Sensory input
Epithelial characteristics
Epithelial cells are closely bound to one another
Electron microscope 2
6
Epithelial characteristics
Size and shape of epithelial cells
Epithelial characteristics
Polarity of epithelia
apical pole (domain) and basal pole (domain) polarity
depends on epithelium boundary position
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
(non-keratinizing)
basement
membrane
connective
tissue
stratified epithelium polarity
Epithelial characteristics
Epithelia lack blood vessels (avascular tissues)
epithelia are supplied by diffusion
Functions
- attachment
- separation
- nutrition
Basement membrane
ultrastructure
Basal lamina
- lamina lucida
- lamina densa
Membrane specializations of epithelia
Lateral surfaces
Simple contacts
Tight junctions (Zonula occludens)
Zonula adherens
Macula adherens (desmosomes)
Gap junctions (nexuses)
Tight junctions (z. occludens)
Desmosomes
Gap junctions (nexuses)
microvilli
glycocalyx of microvilli
Epithelial cell specializations on the apical
surface - cilia
Ciliated epithelium of
- air passages
- oviducts
Epithelial cell specializations on the basal
surface
Hemidesmosome
s
Plasma membrane
infoldings
(basal striations)
Epithelium is classified according to:
A. Morphology:
Number of layers :
1- Simple Epithelium: made of one layer only.
2- Stratified Epithelium : made of more than one layer
Shape of the component cells:
1-Squamous = flat
2-Cuboidal = cube
3-Columnar = like columns
B. Function into :
1- Surface (covering or lining).
2- Glandular (secretion).
Epithelial tissue
localization
Covering epithelia
- cover or line body surface, body
cavities, and hollow organs
Glandular epithelia
- form glands
Number of layers :
Shape of the
component cells:
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
(a) Simple squamous epithelium
Air sacs of
Function: Allows passage of lung
materials by diffusion and filtration tissue
in sites where protection is not
important; secretes lubricating Nuclei of
substances in serosae.
squamous
Location: Kidney glomeruli; air sacs epithelial
of lungs; lining of heart, blood cells
vessels, and lymphatic vessels; lining
of ventral body cavity (serosae).
epithelial
ce
Function: Secretion and lls
absorption.
Basement
Location: Kidney tubules;
ducts and secretory portions membrane
of small glands; ovary surface.
Connective
tissue
Simple
columnar
Function: Absorption; secretion of
mucus, enzymes, and other substances; epithelial
ciliated type propels mucus (or c
reproductive cells) by ciliary action. ell
Location: Nonciliated type lines most of
the digestive tract (stomach to anal canal),
gallbladder, and excretory ducts of some
glands; ciliated variety lines small
bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions Basement
of the uterus.
membrane
Pseudo-
Function: Secretion, particularly of stratified
mucus; propulsion of mucus by
ciliary action. epithelial
Location: Nonciliated type in male’s laye
sperm-carrying ducts and ducts of r
large glands; ciliated variety lines
the trachea, most of the upper
respiratory tract.
Basement
squamous
epithelium
Transitional