The document provides an overview of epithelial tissue, including its definition, functions, characteristics, and classification principles. It describes various types of epithelial cells, their structural features, and their specific functions in the body. Additionally, it outlines the differences between exocrine and endocrine glands, highlighting their secretion mechanisms.
The document provides an overview of epithelial tissue, including its definition, functions, characteristics, and classification principles. It describes various types of epithelial cells, their structural features, and their specific functions in the body. Additionally, it outlines the differences between exocrine and endocrine glands, highlighting their secretion mechanisms.
The document provides an overview of epithelial tissue, including its definition, functions, characteristics, and classification principles. It describes various types of epithelial cells, their structural features, and their specific functions in the body. Additionally, it outlines the differences between exocrine and endocrine glands, highlighting their secretion mechanisms.
The document provides an overview of epithelial tissue, including its definition, functions, characteristics, and classification principles. It describes various types of epithelial cells, their structural features, and their specific functions in the body. Additionally, it outlines the differences between exocrine and endocrine glands, highlighting their secretion mechanisms.
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Pham Thuy Linh, PhD; Pham Thi Thu Thuy, Ms
Faculty of Medicine
General Histology
EPITHELIAL TISSUE Four types of tissue
Epithelial tissue Connective tissue
Muscle tissue Nervous tissue
Epithelial tissue
Target:
1. Present the definition, function of epithelial tissue.
2. Present the general properties of epithelial tissue. 3. State the principles of epithelial classification. 4. Describe the structural features of some types of epithelium. 5. Identify the image profiles that can be generated by the epithelium. 6. Explain the relationship between structure and function of various kinds of epithelium in the body. Epithelial Tissue
Definition A tissue a group of cells have is morphological thatcharacters specialized specific functions. similar to Epithelium covers the outer surface of perform the body and lines the luminal surfaces of cavities within the body. Origin Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm Epithelial tissue functions Covering, barrier, protection Transport, secretion, absorption Sensory input Epithelial characteristics Epithelial cells are closely bound to one another
Under optical microscope
Epithelial characteristics Epithelial cells are closely bound to one another
Electron microscope 2
Intracellular space 15-20nm 3
6 Epithelial characteristics Size and shape of epithelial cells Epithelial characteristics Polarity of epithelia apical pole (domain) and basal pole (domain) polarity depends on epithelium boundary position Stratified Squamous Epithelium (non-keratinizing)
basement membrane connective tissue
stratified epithelium polarity Epithelial characteristics Epithelia lack blood vessels (avascular tissues) epithelia are supplied by diffusion
through the basement membrane
from the underlying connective tissue
Epithelia rest on the basement membrane
layer of intercellular material
is jointly manufactured by epithelium and underlying connective tissue
principal epithelial cell adhesive (adherent) junctions
Gap junctions (nexuses)
provide cell to cell communications
Epithelial cell specializations on the apical surface
microvilli
amplify the plasmalemma surface for transport
Striated epithelia (with brush border)
- intestine - gallbladder Luminal surfaces Brush border consists of microvilli on the epithelial cell apical surface amplifies plasma membrane surface for - absorption - membrane digestion
glycocalyx of microvilli Epithelial cell specializations on the apical surface - cilia
cilia move mucous
Ciliated epithelium of - air passages - oviducts Epithelial cell specializations on the basal surface Hemidesmosome s
Plasma membrane infoldings (basal striations) Epithelium is classified according to:
A. Morphology: Number of layers : 1- Simple Epithelium: made of one layer only. 2- Stratified Epithelium : made of more than one layer Shape of the component cells: 1-Squamous = flat 2-Cuboidal = cube 3-Columnar = like columns B. Function into : 1- Surface (covering or lining). 2- Glandular (secretion). Epithelial tissue localization
Covering epithelia - cover or line body surface, body cavities, and hollow organs
Glandular epithelia - form glands Number of layers : Shape of the component cells: Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar (a) Simple squamous epithelium
Description: Single layer of flattened
cells with disc-shaped central nuclei and sparse cytoplasm; the simplest of the epithelia.
Air sacs of Function: Allows passage of lung materials by diffusion and filtration tissue in sites where protection is not important; secretes lubricating Nuclei of substances in serosae. squamous Location: Kidney glomeruli; air sacs epithelial of lungs; lining of heart, blood cells vessels, and lymphatic vessels; lining of ventral body cavity (serosae).
Photomicrograph: Simple squamous epithelium
forming part of the alveolar (air sac) walls (125x). Simple Squamous Epethelial (kidney) (b) Simple cuboidal epithelium
Description: Single layer of
cubelike cells with large, spherical central nuclei. Simple cuboidal
epithelial ce Function: Secretion and lls absorption.
Basement Location: Kidney tubules; ducts and secretory portions membrane of small glands; ovary surface. Connective tissue
Photomicrograph: Simple cuboidal
epithelium in kidney tubules (430x). Simple cuboidal Epethelium (kidney tubules ) (c) Simple columnar epithelium Description: Single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei; some cells bear cilia; layer may contain mucus- secreting unicellular glands (goblet cells).
Simple
columnar Function: Absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances; epithelial ciliated type propels mucus (or c reproductive cells) by ciliary action. ell Location: Nonciliated type lines most of the digestive tract (stomach to anal canal), gallbladder, and excretory ducts of some glands; ciliated variety lines small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions Basement of the uterus. membrane
Photomicrograph: Simple columnar epithelium
of the stomach mucosa (860X). Simple Columnar Epethelium (digestive) Simple Columnar Epethelium (d) Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Description: Single layer of cells of
differing heights, some not reaching the free surface; nuclei seen at Cilia different levels; may contain mucus- Mucus of secreting cells and bear cilia. mucous cell
Pseudo- Function: Secretion, particularly of stratified mucus; propulsion of mucus by ciliary action. epithelial Location: Nonciliated type in male’s laye sperm-carrying ducts and ducts of r large glands; ciliated variety lines the trachea, most of the upper respiratory tract.
columnar epithelium lining the human trachea (570x). Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium (e) Stratified squamous epithelium Description: Thick membrane composed of several cell layers; basal cells are cuboidal or columnar and metabolically active; surface cells are flattened (squamous); in the keratinized type, the surface cells are full of keratin and dead; basal cells are active in mitosis and produce the cells of the more superficial layers. Stratified
squamous
epithelium
Function: Protects underlying
tissues in areas subjected to abrasion. Nuclei Location: Nonkeratinized type forms Basement the moist linings of the esophagus, membrane mouth, and vagina; keratinized variety forms the epidermis of the skin, a dry Connective membrane. tissue
Photomicrograph: Stratified squamous epithelium
lining the esophagus (285x). Stratified Squamous Epithelium (non- keratinizing) Stratified Squamous Epithelium (keratinizing) (f) Stratified cuboidal epithelium Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium (sweat glands) Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium (salivary glands) (g) Stratified columnar epithelium Stratified Columnar Epithelium Stratified Columnar Epithelium Stratified Columnar Epithelium (h) Transitional epithelium (f) Transitional epithelium Description: Resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal; basal cells cuboidal or columnar; surface cells dome shaped or squamouslike, depending on degree of organ stretch.
Transitional
Function: Stretches readily and epithelium
permits distension of urinary organ by contained urine. Location: Lines the ureters, Basement urinary membrane bladder, and part of the Connective urethra. tissue Photomicrograph: Transitional epithelium lining the urinary bladder, relaxed state (360X); note the bulbous, or rounded, appearance of the cells at the surface; these cells flatten and become elongated when the bladder is filled with urine. Transitional Epithelium Types of Surface Epithelial Tissues 1. Simple squamous epithelial tissue (lungs) 2. Simple cuboidal epithelial tissue (kidneys) 3. Simple columnar epithelial tissue (small intestine) 4. Pseudostratified (ciliated) columnar epithelial tissue (trachea lining) 5. Stratified squamous epithelial tissue (mouth lining) 6. Stratified cuboidal epithelial tissue (salivary glands, sweat glands) 7. Stratified columnar epithelial tissue (male reproductive tract) 8 Transitional epithelial tissue (bladder) a. The tissue may show a full bladder b. The tissue may show an empty bladder GLANDS Typically glands are classified into:
1) Exocrine glands discharge their secretory product via a
duct onto an epithelial surface. Cells of which are composed of highly specialized epithelial cells, the internal structure of the cells reflecting the nature of the secretory product and the mode of secretion. Morphology: a) simple: single, unbranched duct. b) compound: branched duct system.
2) Endocrine glands are ductless. Secrete their product
into the connective tissue where they enter the blood stream to reach the target cells. The products of endocrine glands are called hormone. • Cells of exocrine glands exhibit different mechanism of secretion:
