Contemporar
y Issues on
Development
in Asia
EDUCATION
GROUP 4
CHRIS ANGELO B. CAGURANGAN
DUSTIN BLAZE MACABABBAD
CRISTINE JOY ALMAZAN
JEFFERSON SIBAYAN
OVERVIEW
The Philippine education system covers both formal and non-formal education. Formal
education is a progression of academic schooling from elementary (grade school) to
secondary (high school) and tertiary levels (TVET and higher education).
The system is tri-focalized by law into basic, technical-vocational and higher education under
three different agencies: the Department of Education (DepED) headed by a Cabinet
Secretary for basic education; the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
(TESDA) headed by a Director General for technical-vocational education and training; and
the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) under the Office of the Philippine President
headed by the Chairperson of a collegial body of five Commissioners.
The country’s colonial history, population growth, financial funding and educational reforms
all contributed to the nuances of the Philippine education system.
CHALLENGES OF EDUCATION IN
ASIA
Increased drop-out rates
~ A student who leaves school, college, or university before completing a
qualification. Some potential causes for dropping out include: the distance
between schools, lack of a school in the barangay, lack of regular
transportation, high cost of education, illness or disability, housework,
marriage, employment or seeking employment, lack of personal interest,
inability to handle schoolwork, issues with academic records, and insufficient
family income to pay for a child's education.
High student-pupil ratio
~ Effective student engagement strategies, regardless of class size, have a
measurable impact on student attitudes and achievement. Smaller class
sizes and lower student-teacher ratios often facilitate more personalized and
supportive learning environments.
Teacher shortage
Teacher shortage
~ A shortage is typically defined as the inability to fill vacancies at current
wages with individuals qualified to. teach in the fields needed.
The agency said the effect of a worldwide teacher shortage is profound,
creating larger class sizes, overburdened educators, educational disparities
and financial strain on school systems, impacting educational quality and
access.
Lack of resources
~ A lack of resources in schools has a significant impact on students'
academic performance. Limited resources can lead to declining enrollment,
decreased enjoyment, and lower performance in subjects like design and
technology. It can also result in lower test scores and increased stress levels
among students.
PRESENTED DATA
https://www.oecd.org/publication/pisa-2022-results/country-notes/philippines-
a0882a2d/
https://www.adb.org/what-we-do/topics/education
SOLUTION OF EDUCATION
Improve teacher training and education
Teacher education is essential to good teaching and student learning. However, teachers are in
short supply, isolated, and not given enough support to provide effective teaching and learning
in many countries. There is a need to increase the number of well-trained and motivated
teachers.
The teaching capacity of teachers can be improved through teacher training modules, classroom
training and in-class mentoring using information and communication technology (ICT). Online
learning modules can help improve access to high quality in- and pre-service teacher education
and training programs.
Develop relevant curriculum
High-quality education requires a curriculum that provides depth of learning. It is also necessary
to bridge the gap between what the curriculum teachers deliver and what students actually learn.
Developing relevant curricula involves highlighting 21st century skills, such as critical thinking,
creativity, and communication. This can be done by integrating “soft skills” into the curriculum
and adding grade 12 to secondary education to meet the international standard. Curriculum
reforms can also be achieved by focusing on secondary education curriculum, pedagogy, and
student assessment to meet the country’s labor force needs.
Develop resilient infrastructure
Disasters triggered by natural hazards can restrict access to education. Thus,
there should be a focus on the development of critical education
infrastructure and disaster-preparedness. Electricity network, internet
connection, and school buildings damaged by cyclones need to be
reconstructed. At the same time, these school facilities need to be rebuilt to
make them more resilient to disasters and climate change risks.
CHANGES NOW AND THEN IN
EDUCATION
Education is a dynamic field that constantly adapts to societal needs,
technological advancements, and evolving pedagogical approaches. Over the
years, the education system has undergone significant transformations,
shaping the way students learn, teachers teach, and schools operate. In this
we will explore the changes in the education system over the years and
discuss the impact of these changes on students and society as a whole.
Shift from Traditional to Progressive Approaches:
In the past, education was often characterized by a traditional approach,
emphasizing rote memorization, teacher-centred instruction, and uniformity.
However, in recent decades, there has been a shift towards more progressive
and student-centred approaches. Education systems now emphasize critical
thinking, problem-solving, collaboration, and creativity. The focus is on
equipping students with the skills and competencies they need to thrive in a
rapidly changing world.
Integration of Technology:
One of the most noticeable changes in education is the integration of
technology. With the advent of computers, the internet, and digital tools,
classrooms have become more interactive and engaging. Technology has
opened up new possibilities for personalized learning, online resources, and
global collaboration. It has also facilitated access to information and
expanded educational opportunities beyond the confines of traditional
classrooms.
Individualized Learning and
Differentiation
Recognizing that students have diverse learning styles, interests, and
abilities, the education system has moved towards individualized learning
and differentiation. Personalized learning plans, adaptive learning software,
and flexible instructional strategies allow students to progress at their own
pace and explore topics that align with their interests. This approach fosters
greater student engagement and motivation, leading to improved learning
outcomes.
Emphasis on Skills Development:
Education systems now prioritize the development of critical thinking,
communication, collaboration, creativity, and digital literacy skills. These
skills are considered essential for success in the 21st-century workplace,
where adaptability and problem-solving abilities are highly valued.
Blended and Online Learning:
Advancements in technology have paved the way for blended and online
learning models. Blended learning combines face-to-face instruction with
online components, offering students flexibility and access to a variety of
learning resources. Online learning, on the other hand, enables students to
engage in remote education, accessing courses and materials from anywhere
in the world. These approaches have revolutionized education, making it
more accessible, inclusive, and tailored to individual needs.
REFERENCES
CHALLENGES:
researchgate.net/publication/229020210_The_Challenges_of_Asian_distance_educational_
development
DATA:
https://www.oecd.org/publication/pisa-2022-results/country-notes/philippines-a0882a2d/
https://www.adb.org/what-we-do/topics/education
SOLUTIONS:
https://development.asia/insight/strategic-ways-boost-learning-outcomes-basic-education
CHANGES: https//www.linkedin.com/pulse/evolving-education-changes-system-over-years-
tusu
