Ship Terms and

Definitions
  Throughout the history of
shipping, where it all started with
simple boats evolving into sail
ships that became “steamed”
and then reaching todays
Introduction sophisticated and highly
specialized vessels, ships have
played an important role in the
development of our modern
society.
  There are many different types of
ships that vary for example in
size, in the type of cargo that
they carry and in the waterways
on which they navigate.
Introduction Therefore, no ship is the same;
each and every one of them is
unique. Nevertheless, various
types of ships can be
distinguished
  General cargo ship
  Roll-on / roll-off ship
  Barge- carrying ship
  Container ship
  Tanker
Types of   Cargo carriers
Ships   Ferries
  Cruise ship
  Industrial ship
  Miscellaneous ship
  Service vessel
  Although largely replace by bulk and
container carriers, general cargo
vessels still operate throughout the
world. Cargo is usually in the form of
pallets or bags and is known as
breakbulk. There may be specialized
handling facilities for such cargo, but
usually loading and unloading is
carried out using cranes and straps
(for boxes) or slings (for bags). Loose
General or irregular cargo is also carried, in
Cargo Ship this case the vessel's crew and port
stevedores will pack the cargo to
minimize damage and maximize the
utilization of space.
Ship
Dimension
of a General
Cargo
Vessel
  It is design for the carriage of wheeled
cargo, are always distinguished by
large doors in the hull and often by
external ramps that fold down to allow
rolling between pier and ship. Because
vehicles of all kinds have some empty
space and in addition require large
clearance spaces between adjacent
Roll-on/Roll- vehicles, they constitute a low-density
off Ship cargo (a high “stowage factor”) that
(RoRo demands large hull volume.
Vessel)
 The general outline of the ship, in view of
its relatively low density of cargo, is rather
“boxy,” with a high freeboard and a high
deckhouse covering much of the ship’s
superstructure, to afford more parking
decks. To ensure stability, fixed ballast is
usually included in these ships, along with
water ballast to adjust load and stability.
Roll-on/Roll- The engineering plants are commonly twin
off Ship engines of compact variety, such as
geared diesel and they are arranged so
(RoRo that the engine spaces are at either side
Vessel) of the ship, allowing valuable free space
between them for vehicle passage
Ship
Dimension
of a RoRo
Vessel
  An extension of the container ship concept is the
barge-carrying ship. In this concept, the container is
itself a floating vessel, usually about 60 feet long by
about 30 feet wide, which is loaded aboard the ship in
one of two ways: either it is lifted over the stern bya
high-capacity shipboard gantry crane, or the ship is
partially submerged so that the barges can be floated
aboard via a gate in the stern.
Barge
carrying
Ship
  Like tankers, container ships are
characterized by the absence of cargo
handling gear, in their case reflecting the
usual practice of locating the container-
handling cranes at shore terminals rather
than aboard ship. Unlike the tanker,
container ships require large hatches in the
deck for stowing the cargo, which consists of
standardized containers usually either 20 or
40 feet in length. Below decks, the ship is
equipped with a cellular grid of
compartments opening to the weather deck;
Container these are designed to receive the containers
Ship and hold them in place until unloading is
achieved at the port of destination.
  The ship is filled to the deck level with
containers, the hatches are closed,
and one or two layers of containers,
depending upon the size and stability
of the ship, are loaded on the hatch
covers on deck. The ship can be filled
with containers destined for another
port and can be under way. An
additional economy is the low cost of
Container Ship the crew of the ship while itis in port
awaiting loading or unloading. Further,
because each ship can make more
trips than before, container fleets
require fewer vessels
Ship
Dimension
of a
Container
Vessel
  Ships that carry liquid cargo (most often
petroleum and its products) in bulk are
made distinctive by the absence of cargo
hatches and external handling gear. When
fully loaded they are also readily
distinguishable by scant free board a
condition that is permissible because the
upper deck is not weakened by hatches.
The tanker is a floating group of tanks
contained in a ship-shaped hull, propelled
by an isolated machinery plant at the stern.
Each tank is substantially identical to the
Tanker next throughout the length of the ship. The
tanks are fitted with heating coils to
facilitate pumping in cold weather.
  Within the tanks are the main, or high-suction, pipes,
running several feet from the bottom to avoid sludge.
Below them, low-suction piping, or stripping lines,
removes the lowest level of liquid in the tank. Tanks
are filled either through open trunks leading from the
weather deck or from the suction lines with the
pumps reversed. Because tankers, except for military-
supply types, usually move a cargo from the source to
a refinery or other terminal with few maneuvers
enroute, the machinery plant is called on only to
produce at a steady rate the cruise power for the
ship; consequently, considerable use of automatic
Tanker controls is possible, thus reducing the size of the crew
to a minimum.
Ship
Dimension
of a Tanker
  Designed for the carriage of ore, coal, grain, and the
like, dry-bulk ships bear a superficial likeness to
container ships since they often have no cargo
handling gear and, unlike the tanker, have large cargo
hatches. The absence of containers on deck is a
decisive indicator that a vessel is a dry-bulk ship, but
an observer may be deceived by the occasional sight
of a dry-bulk ship carrying containers and other non
bulk cargo on deck. An incontrovertible indicator is
the self-unloading gear, usually a large horizontal
Dry Bulk boom of open trusswork, carried by some bulk ships.

Carrier
  Ferries are vessels of any size that carry
passengers and (in many cases) their
vehicles on fixed routes over short cross-
water passages. The building of massive
bridge sand tunnels has eliminated many
ferry services, but they are still justified
where waters are too formidable for fixed
crossings. Vessels vary greatly in size and in
quality of accommodations. Some on longer
runs offer overnight cabins and even come
close to equaling the accommodation
standards of cruise ships. All vessels typically
Ferries load vehicles aboard one or more decks via
low-level side doors or by stern or bow ramps
much like those found on roll-on/roll-off cargo
ships.
  This ship type is specially designed for
“enjoying-your-stay-on-board” purposes.
Today’s highly developed cruise liners are
closer to “floating resorts” than
conventional ships. The activities you won´t
find on a modern cruiser is not worth
looking for. From technical perspective they
are highly advance ships fitted with most
sophisticated equipment available in the
market. Modern cruisers sometimes use
diesel-electric pod propulsion for superior
maneuverability when entering ports. There
Cruise Ship is also pressure on on the ships to “clean”
and many times visits sensitive and
sometime protected archipelagos and seas.
Ship
Dimension
of a Cruise
Ship
  The service ships are mostly tugging or
towing vessels whose principal function
is to provide propulsive power to other
vessels. Most of them serve in harbors
and inland waters, and, because the only
significant weight they need carry is a
propulsion plant and a limited amount of
fuel, they are small in size. The towing of
massive drilling rigs for the petroleum
industry and an occasional ocean salvage
operation (e.g., towing a disabled ship)
demand craft larger and more seaworthy
Service than the more common inshore service
vessels, but oceangoing tugs and
Vessel towboats are small in number and in size
compared with the overwhelmingly more
numerous cargo ships.
SHIP
NOMENCLATURES
  sometimes called Gangway Ladder, is a
retractable stair which swivels out from a
vessel’s side to position above water level
to which small boats can moor
temporarily to load or discharge people.
ACCOMODATIO
N
LADDER
  refers to a crane or derrick and mast
with a whip and tackle operated by a
deck winch for raising and lowering
weights or cargoes. A cargo boom is
used for loading or discharging cargo.

BOOM
  a vessel’s head or forward part,
more specifically above the
waterline.

BOW
  uppermost deck on which lifeboat
and other life-saving equipment
may be stowed.

BOAT DECK
  is the main control point or room for the
whole ship during underway, where all
navigational instruments were located.
BRIDGE
WHEELHOUS
E
OR PILOT
HOUSE
  is a portion of the space within a ship
defined vertically between decks and
horizontally between bulkheads.

Compartme
nt
  the deck formed on top of the
wheelhouse and the chart room
on which the standard compass is
mounted. Also called Monkey
Bridge, compass flat, compass
bridge.
Compass
Platform
  vacant space between two water tight
bulkheads being the width of the ship, placed
between engine room and oil tanks as a fire
precaution or between oil and water tanks to
prevent pollution.

Cofferdam
  the lowest cargo stowage
compartments.

Cargo Hold
  refers to small derricks of various
makes and usually used for hoisting
and lowering lifeboat.

Davit
  a ship’s floor, the principal
component of a vessel’s
structure. It consists of a plated
surface roughly horizontal,
Deck extending between the ship’s
sides and resting on a tier of
beams.
  a small fastener or clip used to
secure watertight doors.

Dog Lock
  is the vertical distance from the
waterline to the lowest part of the
ship’s bottom (keel).

Draught
(draft)
  the general area of the weather
deck in the forward part of the
ship.

Forecastle
deck
  is the vertical distance from the
waterline to the edge of the deck.

Freeboard
  a narrow, portable platform used as a
passage for persons in entering or
leaving a ship moored alongside a pier.
Also called Gangplank or Gang board.

Gangway
  a small auxiliary drum with filleted
flanges fitted outside the main frame
of a winches. Also, Gipsy Head,
Warping End, Whipping Drum, Winch
Head.

Gipsy
  a generally rectangular opening in a
ship’s deck which allows entry of
cargoes into the compartment below.
Also called hatchway.

Hatch
  a vertical plating welded around a
hatchway. It prevents water from
gaining access into the hold below.

Hatch
Coaming
  the main body of a ship below the
main outside deck.

Hull
  is the line at which a ship floats on the
water.

Water Line
  the main centerline structural member
running fore and aft along the bottom
of a ship. The keel is the principal
structural part of the hull, about which
the ship is built generally referred to
as the “backbone” of the ship.
Keel
  A small opening/access on deck
going to next compartment.

Manhole
  refers to the deck above the
wheelhouse and chart room where the
standard compass is usually located.

Monkey
Island
  upright spar supporting the signal
yardarm and antennas

Mast
  a draining outlet set on deck to carry
off rain or sea water overboard.

Scupper
  a pipe leading from deck to a bilge or
any ship’s tank, down which a
sounding rod may be passes to
ascertain the amount of water in the
compartment.
Sounding
Pipe
  one, that is operated by the helmsman
to control the movement of the
rudder. Used to turn the ship to
starboard or port side.

Steering
Wheel
Identify the
major parts
of the Ship
 1. Poop-- a superstructure at the after end of a ship,
usually short in length. The deck may be called the
poop or poop deck.
 2. Funnel-- a surround and support for the various
uptakes from the machinery space of a ship. Its shape
is largely determined by smoke cleaning equipment
and the need streamlining to reduce air resistance.
 3. Satellite communication antenna-- The satellite
communications antenna, which has an automatic
tracking system, is housed in a plastic dome for
weather protection.
 4. Mast-- a tubular steel erection which carries
various items of navigational equipment and fittings
e.g. light, radar, etc.
 5. Bridge-- the uppermost superstructure deck which
extends to the ships side, either as a fully enclosed
structure or with open bridge wings. The ship is
maneuvered from the position which has a clear view
forward.
 6. Control Room--from this center all the main
engine, auxiliary engine and electrical motor are
operated and controlled. The main electrical switch
board is also here. The chief engineer is in charge and
you will always find a watch keeping engineer on
duty, if the engines are not being directly controlled
from the bridge.
 7. Galley--a kitchen of the ship.
 8. Cabin--a compartment in the accommodation
provided for the use of a passenger or member of a
crew.
 9. Mess hall-- where the crew eat all their meals.
 10. Deck Cranes--a lifting device used for handling
cargo, store, or heavy equipment.
 11. Forecastle--the raised area of deck at the bow or
the space between the raised deck and the deck
below.
 12. Anchor-- device for mooring a floating vessel;
one end digs into the seabed and the other is
attached to a cable by a ring.
 13. Bulbous Bow--a cylindrical or bulb shaped
underwater bow which is designed to reduce wave
making resistance and any pitching motion of the
ship.
 14. Bow Thruster--a thruster fitted in an athwart
ships tunnel near to the bow.
 15. Rudder & Propeller--are situated under the
stern of the ship. The rudder is used to steer the ship.
The propeller drives the ship ahead or astern.
End of Topic