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Lecture 01

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7 views24 pages

Lecture 01

Uploaded by

joy ghosh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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Structure

Programming

ICT-1105

Information and
Communication Technology
Lecture-01
1
References & Books:
1. E. Balagurusamy, Programming in ANSI C
2. Herbert Schildt, The Complement Reference
of C
3. Byron S. Gottfried ,Theory and Problems of
Programming with C
4. C Kernighan & D.M. Ritchie, The C
programming Language
5. Herbert Schild, Teach Yourself C

2
Computer systems

A Computer is an electronic device


which performs operations such as
accepts data as an input, store the
data, manipulate or process the data
and produce the results an output.

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Computer systems
Main task performed by a computer
• Accept the data
• Process or manipulate the data
• Display or store the result in the
form of human understanding
• Store the data, instructions and
results.

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Computer systems

5
Computer systems
Computer hardware is the collection of physical
elements that comprise a computer system.

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Computer systems
❑Computer software is a collection of
computer programs and related data that
provides the instructions for a computer
what to do and how to do it.

❑Software refers to one or more computer


programs and data held in the storage of
the computer for some purpose.
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Computer systems

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Computer systems
• Basically computer software is of three
main types
– System Software
– Programming Software
– Application Software

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Computer systems
System Software: System software is responsible
for managing a variety of independent hardware
components, so that they can work together. Its
purpose is to unburden the application software
programmer from the often complex details of the
particular computer being used, including such
accessories as communications devices, printers,
device readers, displays and keyboards, and also to
partition the computer's resources such as memory
and processor time in a safe and stable manner.
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Computer systems
System Software Example:
• Device drivers
• Operating systems
• Servers
• Utilities
• Window systems

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Computer systems
Programming Software: Programming Software usually
provides tools to assist a programmer in writing computer
programs, and software using different programming
languages in a more convenient way.

The tools include:


• Compilers
• Debuggers
• Interpreters
• Linkers
• Text editors
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Computer systems
Application Software: Application software is developed to
aid in any task that benefits from computation. It is a broad
category, and encompasses Software of many kinds, including
the internet browser being used to display this page.

This category includes:


• Business software
• Computer aided design
• Databases
• Decision making software
• Educational software
• Image editing
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Computing Environment
Computing Environment is a collection of
computers / machines, software, and networks
that support the processing and exchange of
electronic information meant to support various
types of computing solutions.

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Computing Environment
Types of Computing Environments:
▪ Personal Computing Environment
▪ Client Server Environment
▪ Time sharing Environment
▪ Distributed Environment

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Personal Computing Environment
All of the computer hardware components are tied together in
our personal computer. A personal computer (PC) is a
computer whose original sales price, size, and capabilities
make it useful for individuals, and intended to be operated
directly by an end user, with no intervening computer
operator. People generally relate this term with Microsoft’s
Windows Operating system. Personal computers generally run
on Windows, Mac or some version of Linux operating system.

Desktop: Desktop computer is just another version of Personal


Computer intended for regular use from a single use. A
computer that can be fit on a desk can also be called as
desktop.
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Personal Computing Environment

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Time-Sharing Environment
In the time-sharing environment, all computing must
be done by the central computer. The central
computer the shared resources, it manage the shared
data and printing.
Employees in large companies often work in what is
known as time sharing environment. In the time
sharing environment, many users are connected to
one or more computers. These computers may be
minicomputers and central mainframes. In this
environment the output devices, auxiliary storage
devices are shared by all the users.
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Time-Sharing Environment

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Client/Server Environment
Client/Server computing environment splits the computing
function between a central computer and user’s computers.

The users are given personal computers or work stations so


that some of the computation responsibility can be moved
from the central computer and assigned to the
workstations.

In the client/server environment the users micro computers


or work stations are called the client. The central computer
which may be a powerful micro computer, minicomputer or
central mainframe system is known as server.
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Client/Server Environment

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Distributed Computing Environment
A distributed computing environment provides a
seamless integration of computing functions
between different servers and clients. The
internet provides connectivity to different
servers throughout the world. This environment
provides reliable, scalable and highly available
network.

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Time-Sharing Environment

23
Thank you….

24

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