SEP -2022
MATERIAL
&
MATERIAL TESTING
IN INFRASTRUTURE
PROJECTS
UNIT - 2
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QUALITY & SAFETY OF INFRA PROJECTS
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QUALITY & SAFETY OF INFRA PROJECTS
WHAT IS MEANT BY CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL ?
“IT IS THE MATERIAL USED IN CONSTRUCTION BECAUSE IT
BEHAVES IN PREDICTABLE MANNER UNDER WORKING
CONDITIONS”
- B.K. HOUGH in Basics of Soil Engineering
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QUALITY & SAFETY OF INFRA PROJECTS
HOW TO SELECT MATERIAL ?
LATEST TREND : ECO FRIENDLY MATERIAL :
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QUALITY & SAFETY OF INFRA PROJECTS
HOW TO SELECT MATERIAL ?
• DOES MATERIAL HAVE ANY APPROVED PARAMETERS & TESTS ?
• DOES MATERIAL AVAILABLE IN REQUIRED QUANTITY AND MANUFACTURED
IN CONTROLLED CONDITIONS.
• DOES MATERIAL CAN PERFORM SATISFACTORILY UNDER WORKING CONDITIONS ?
• UNDERSTAND SUITABILITY AND ADVANTAGES OF MATERIAL IF USED.
• UNDERSTAND LIMITATIONS OF MATERIAL IF USED.
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QUALITY & SAFETY OF INFRA PROJECTS
HAT ARE STEPS TO ENSURE QUALITY OF MATERIAL ?
• AVAILABILITY OF CORRECT SPECIFICATIONS.
• AVAILABILITY RELIABLE VENDOR
• AVAILABILITY OF PROPER SOURCE / MANUFACTURER
• AVAILABILITY OF TESTING FACILITY FROM MANUFACTURER
• AVAILABILITY OF PROPER PACKAGING / TRANSPORT
• VISUAL INSPECTION ON ARRIVAL OF MATERIAL
• CHECKING OF MATERIAL AND DOCUMENTS & MTC
• IN HOUSE TESTING ON SAMPLES SELECTED FROM EACH CONSIGNMENT
• EXTERNAL TESTING FROM APPROVED AGENCY – RANDOM & ESTABLISHED
FREQUENCY
• MAINTAINING ALL TESTING RECORDS WITH TRACEABILITY.
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QUALITY & SAFETY OF INFRA PROJECTS
TESTING OF MATERIAL
Basic Requirement of Testing Laboratory
Proper Facility considering ambient conditions-
Standard When not affected
Temp – 270 C 15 -350C
Relative Humidity – 65 % 45- 75%
Pressure – 1013 m- bar 860 -1060
Testing equipment with valid calibration
Required tools & tackles
Trained Staff & workers
Testing consumables in proper condition
Defined procedures for testing ( Lab Manual )
Formats , Register & Computer.
Display Boards.
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QUALITY & SAFETY OF INFRA PROJECTS
MATERIAL TESTING FACILITIES :
LABORATORIES GOVERNMENT PRIVATE INSTITUTIONAL
APPROVALS GOVERNMENT RENOWNED EXISTING CLIENT
BODIES CLIENTS
ACCREDITATION National Bureau ISO - 17025 ISO -9001
Accreditation
( NABL )
NOTE : ON MAJOR PROJECTS WE MUST HAVE ALL TESTING FACILITIES AVAILABLE.
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QUALITY & SAFETY OF INFRA PROJECTS
MATERIAL TESTING FREQUENCIES AS PER
DIFFERENT CODES
SR. MATER REFER TESTS TEST FREQUENCY GENERAL PRACTICE
NO. IAL ENCE SPECIFIED METHOD
CODE
1. OPC IS :269 Physical & IS : 4031 At the option of purchaser but not Normally, each
-2015 Chemical later than 4weeks after the supply consignment shall have
tests generally but not later than 3 MTC and
months. monthly/quarterly/six
monthly it is tested in
external lab.
2. Reinf 1786- Physical IS:1608- For cast/heat below 100 MT- 2 Each consignment is
Steel 2008 /Chemical TENSILE samples For sampled for 3 specimen
and Bend IS: 11587 cast/heat of/above 100 MT- 3 noting cast/heat no.
CHEMICA samples.
L
Soil MORT MDD/OMC IS : 2720- MORTH-SEC-900- Each soil type to be
Sample H- 900 VIII tested, 2 tests per 3000 cubic meters ---- DO --------
of soil.
PQC MORT Flexural IS : 516 At least two beam and two cube 3 samples are normally
H -900 strength specimens, one each for 7 day and 28 taken
day strength testing shall be cast for
ever 150 cu.m (or part thereof) of
concrete placed during construction.
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QUALITY & SAFETY OF INFRA PROJECTS
CALIBRATION OF TESTING EQUIPMENTS
Basics regarding Calibration.
• Definition of Calibration – is essentially the comparison, under specified
conditions, with a higher standard, which is traceable to a national or international
standard, or an acceptable alternative.
• Range of Equipments-
Maximum Measuring Range
Maximum Operating Range
Minimum operating Load, Dmin
No Load
Maximum operating Load, Dmax
Calibration Range
Safe Load limit, Elim
Minimum Dead Load, Emin
Maximum Capacity, Emax
Normal Working Range
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ULTRASONIC PULSE VELOCITY TEST
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QUALITY & SAFETY OF INFRA PROJECTS
WHEN TO DO NDT OR CORE TEST ?
Provision of IS : 456 -2000 Provision of IS : 516 - 4
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QUALITY & SAFETY OF INFRA PROJECTS
SPECIFIC TESTS ON CONCRETE FOR DURABILITY
RAPID CHLORINE PENETRATION TEST ( RCPT )
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QUALITY & SAFETY OF INFRA PROJECTS
SPECIFIC TESTS ON CONCRETE
FOR DURABILITY
DEPTH OF CARBONATION TEST
FACTORS AFFECTING CARBONATION
a) Amount of CO2 in air;
b) Relative humidity of concrete;
c) Amount of precipitation of CaCO3; and
d) Concrete carbonation resistance
(concrete permeability and amount of
Ca(OH)2 in concrete).
The indicator solution shall be 1 percent
phenolphthalein solution in ethanol.
The test shall be performed on freshly exposed
concrete surface.
The freshly exposed concrete surface prepared
as per 5.2 shall be sprayed with a fine mist of
indicator solution.
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QUALITY & SAFETY OF INFRA PROJECTS
SPECIFIC TESTS ON CONCRETE
FOR DURABILITY
WATER PERMEABILITY TEST
(v) The water penetration in the broken core is
to he measured with a scale and the depth of
penetration assessed in mm (max. permissible
limit 25 mm),
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QUALITY & SAFETY OF INFRA PROJECTS
STEEL WORK - WELDING TESTS
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QUALITY & SAFETY OF INFRA PROJECTS
POROCITY
LACK OF PENETRATION
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