OVERVIEW OF
III.
PHILIPPINE
AGRICULTURE
PRESENTED BY: GROUP 1
WHAT IS
AGRICULTURE?
Agriculture is the art and science
of cultivating the soil, growing crops,
and raising livestock. It includes the
preparation of plant and animal
products for people to use and their
distribution to markets. Agriculture
provides most of the world's food and
fabrics.
Agriculture is derived from Latin words Ager and Cultura. Ager means
land or field and Cultura means cultivation
Agriculture is defined in the Agriculture Act 1947, as including
‘horticulture, fruit growing, seed growing, dairy farming
and livestock breeding and keeping, the use of land
as grazing land, meadow land, osier land,
market gardens and nursery grounds,
and the use of land for woodlands
where that use ancillary to the
farming of land for Agricultural
purposes”.
The science or practice of farming,
including cultivation of the soil for the
growing of crops and the rearing of animals
to provide food, wool, and other products.
Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock
production, aquaculture, fisheries and
forestry for food and non-food products.
Agriculture was the key development in the
rise of sedentary human civilization,
whereby farming of domesticated species
created food surpluses that enabled people
to live in cities.
SPHERES IN AGRICULTURAL CROP FARMING
Geoponic
an art or science of cultivating the
earth
Hydroponic
the technique of growing plants using
a water-based nutrient solution rather than
soil
Aeroponic
a method of growing plants without
soil.
WHY IS AGRICULTURE
IMPORTANT?
Supporting livelihoods through
food, habitat, and jobs; providing raw
materials for food and other products;
and building strong economies through
trade.
Agriculture plays a significant role
in the Philippine economy. Involving
about 40 percent of Filipino workers, it
contributes an average of 20 percent to
the Gross Domestic Product.
Agriculture is divided into four sub-sectors:
1. Crop Farming - Crop farming is the cultivation of
plants for food and for other commercial uses
2. Livestock - Refers to the management and
breeding of domestic livestock or farm animals for
the purpose of obtaining their meat and products
3. Fisheries - Is the enterprise of raising or harvesting
fish and other aquatic life.
4. Poultry - Refers to the raising of domesticated
birds such as chickens, ducks, turkeys and geese
for the purpose of farming meat or eggs for food.
a. RESOURCES
•LAND,
•WATER and
•CAPITAL
RESOURCE
S
Resources means
the land and on-farm
buildings, equipment,
manure processing and
handling facilities and
processing and handling
facilities
resources are rice, corn,
coconut, sugarcane,
banana, cassava,
pineapple, and
vegetables. The major
livestock products are
hog, cattle, carabao,
goat, and dairy
products. Chicken and
duck are the leading
poultry products.
Agricultural resources
impacts society in many
ways, including: supporting
livelihoods through food,
habitat, and jobs; providing
raw materials for food and
other products; and building
strong economies through
trade
b. PRODUCTION
SYSTEMS
PRODUCTI
ON
Agricultural production includes these activities (when they
result in a product that will be sold at retail): Agriculture – cultivating
soil, planting, raising and harvesting crops, rearing, feeding, and
managing animals.
Production is the process by which different inputs,
including capital, labor, and land, are used to create
outputs in the form of products or services.
Production is important to ensure the efficient
use of tangible and intangible resources, the
generation of employment, and achieving
economic efficiency.
Production can be defined as the act of
creating products, mining them, or cultivating
them, usually in large quantities for commerce.
A system is an organization or collection of
interconnected, logic- and function-based
operations. It functions as a whole and is made
to accomplish a goal or perform a task. Large
systems can consist of a number of smaller
subsystems. Products system consists of three
main components; Inputs: include raw
materials, machines, man-hours, components
or parts, drawing and instructions.
Conversion Process: Operations are included
in the conversion process. Manual, mechanical, or
chemical operations are all possible. Inputs are
converted into outputs via operations. The
conversion process also involves supporting actions
that aid in the conversion process.
Output: Includes finished products, finished
goods, and services. As a result, we can say that the
production system is a union or combination of its
three primary components, input, conversion, and
output. Simply said, a production system is anything
that is done to produce goods and services or to
accomplish a production goal.
c. CHARACTERISTICS
OF SMALL
HOLD FARMING
SMALL HOLDER
A smallholder farmer is a
producer who rears livestock, raises
fish or cultivates crops on a limited
scale: In the developing world, a
smallholder farm is a family-owned
enterprise operating on up to 10
hectares, or 24 acres, with most
smallholder farmers cultivating less
than 2 hectares, or 5 acres, of land.
A smallholder farmer is often
characterized as a family farmer
since many rely on relatives’ labor
to meet production needs, and they
typically retain a portion of their
harvest for household
consumption. Smallholder farmers,
sometimes referred to as “small-
scale farmers,” include farmers who
own the land they work and those
who do not.
Crop Diversity: The Philippines has a
wide variety of crops due to its diverse climate
and geography. Major crops include rice, corn,
coconut, sugarcane, banana, and pineapple.
Rice as Staple: Rice is a staple food and a
significant agricultural product. It plays a crucial
role in the country's food security.
Smallholder Farming: The majority of
farms in the Philippines are small, family-
owned operations. These smallholders often
practice subsistence farming, which can be
vulnerable to external factors.
Fisheries: The Philippines is an archipelago
with abundant marine resources. Fisheries are a
vital part of the agricultural sector, contributing
significantly to both domestic consumption and
exports.
Coconut Industry: The country is one of
the world's largest producers of coconuts, which
are used for various products like coconut oil,
copra, and desiccated coconut.
Challenges: Philippine agriculture faces
challenges such as land reform issues, outdated
farming techniques, and vulnerability to natural
disasters like typhoons.
Export-Oriented: Some agricultural
products, like bananas, pineapples, and
tropical fruits, are exported, contributing
to the country's economy.
Government Interventions: The
government has implemented various
programs and policies to support
agriculture, including subsidies,
infrastructure development, and land
reform initiatives.
Climate Vulnerability: The
Philippines is susceptible to climate
change impacts, including droughts,
floods, and storms, which can affect
agricultural production.
Rural Employment: Agriculture
remains a significant source of rural
employment, supporting the
livelihoods of millions of Filipinos.
d. AGRIBUSSINESS
Concept and Opportunities
for the
Filipino Farmers
AGRIBUSSINES
S
Agribusiness is a combination of the
words "agriculture" and "business" and
refers to any business related to farming
and farming-related commercial
activities. Agribusiness involves all the
steps required to send an agricultural
good to market, namely production,
processing, and distribution.
Agribusiness is a broad
concept that encompasses the
various activities related to the
production, processing, marketing,
and distribution of agricultural
products. It combines agriculture
and business principles to create a
more efficient and profitable
agricultural industry.
Agribusiness includes everything from
farming and ranching to food processing,
distribution, and retail. It aims to maximize
agricultural productivity and profitability while
meeting the demands of consumers and
maintaining sustainability in the agricultural
sector. This concept recognizes that
agriculture is not just about farming but also
involves a complex network of businesses and
services that support and enhance the entire
food supply chain.
e. NEED FOR BALANCE
AND AGRO-INDUSTRIAL
GROWTH-IN
AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCTION
Agriculture and industry have traditionally
been viewed as two separate sectors both in their
terms of their characteristics and their role in
economic growth.
Agriculture has been considered the
hallmark of the first stage of development, while
the degree of industrialization is considered to be
the most relevant indicator of a country’s progress
along the development path.
Agriculture itself has become a form of
industry, technology, vertical integration,
marketing and consumer preferences have evolved
along lines that closely follow the profile of
industrial sectors.
A common and traditional definition of
agro-processing industry refers to the subset of
manufacturing that processes raw materials and
intermediate products derived from the
agricultural sector.
Agro-processing industry means
transforming products originating from
agriculture, forestry and fisheries.
A very large part of agricultural production
undergoes some degree of transformation
between harvesting and final use. They range
from simple preservation (such as sun drying) and
operations closely related to harvesting to the
production, modern, capital intensive methods.
UPSTREAM and DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRIES
Upstream industries are engaged in the initial
processing of agricultural commodities.
Ex: rice and flour milling, leather tanning, cotton
grinning, oil pressing, saw milling and, fish canning.
Downstream industries undertake further
manufacturing operations on intermediate products
made from agricultural materials.
Ex: bread, biscuit, and noodle making, textile
spinning and weaving, paper production and rubber
manufactures.
Agro-industries:
Promote entrepreneurship
Increase demand for agricultural
products
Link farmers to markets
Agricultural Growth
Reduced Rural Poverty
Improved food security
Motivations that influence customer’s
buying behavior in the agri-sector.
Price - It is believed that local public market provides cheaper foods
than the grocery stores in big malls.
Lifestyle - Sometimes lack of time, opportunity and
convenience (parking spaces) can be a motivation
in buying
Food Quality - Foods that are sold at the local
public market are believed to be better quality in
terms of those at the private supermarkets
freshness compared to
• Product Choice - Preference to buy
canned goods, processed meats,
condiments and other preserved foods
at the department stores
• Support for Local Farmers - Territorial
disputes in WPS has driven the
consumers to be positive in supporting
local farmers believing that it was good
to help them in every possible way
Conclusion: Opportunities and
Threats
• Climate Condition (La Niña/El Niño) - The climate of the
Philippines is highly influenced by El Niño
• Increasing population - the steadfast increase in population can be
a threat to Agriculture simply because the outputs of this sector at
present still falls short in order to attain self sufficiency.
• Land Conversion - significant agricultural lands are being
converted to various residential, community and industrial uses.
• Lack of Interest due to Low Income - Due to low income in
Agriculture and opportunities in the other industry sector, the
younger generations find it unattractive to work in the field.
GROUP 1
MEMBERS:
HONEY JOY D. AMIT ROXANNE MATUNDING JESSIE ANN DADOR
YURI MEDEL MICHAEL SUMENSIL CHRISTIAN ESTELLA
ZERYLL ESPIN JESSA MARIE CALUYA
